我使用 mhchem 进行反应格式化，并使用 Martin Hensel 的建议进行反应标记和编号（来自mhchem 文档）。如下例所示，表格中列出/定义了几种反应。默认情况下，我在方程式的上方和下方会得到很多额外的空白（即非常宽的表格行，如下例中的最后一行所示）。我能够做到这一点而没有额外空白的唯一方法是将定义括在 中\multicolumn{1}{l}{}。我尝试通过表格环境中的 eg 更改 displayskip 参数\setlength\abovedisplayskip{0pt}，但没有成功。
这\multicolumn{1}{l}{}给了我一个看起来不错的表格（我希望等式左对齐，R1、R2 等右对齐），但有以下编译器错误：
LaTeX Error: Bad math environment delimiter.You can't use `\eqno' in restricted horizontal mode.Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in alignment at lines 46--46
有没有更好的方法可以做到这一点并且不会产生编译错误？
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}
\usepackage{tabularx}
% R1, R2, etc counter
\makeatletter
\newcounter{reaction}
\renewcommand\thereaction{R\arabic{reaction}}
\newcommand\reactiontag%
{\refstepcounter{reaction}\tag{\thereaction}}
\newcommand\reaction@[2][]%
{\begin{equation}\ce{#2}%
\ifx\@empty#1\@empty\else\label{#1}\fi%
\reactiontag\end{equation}}
\newcommand\reaction@nonumber[1]%
{\begin{equation*}\ce{#1}\end{equation*}}
\newcommand\reaction%
{\@ifstar{\reaction@nonumber}{\reaction@}}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\newcolumntype{D}{>{\hsize=.45\hsize\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcolumntype{A}{>{\hsize=.7\hsize\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcolumntype{K}{>{\hsize=.25\hsize\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcolumntype{R}{>{\hsize=2.0\hsize\raggedright\arraybackslash}X}
\newcolumntype{S}{>{\hsize=1.2\hsize\raggedright\arraybackslash}X}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0pt}
\setlength{\extrarowheight}{5pt}
\begin{table}[bt]
\caption{Reactions with rate parameters updated in this work, including the modified Arrhenius rate rate parameters $k=A \, T^{\beta} \, e^{-E_a/RT}$ with units cm$^3$, mol, s, and K. Rates for the low and high pressure limits are indicated with $k_0$ and $k_{\infty}$, respectively.}
\small
\begin{tabularx}{1.0\linewidth}{R K A D D S}
\hline
\textbf{Reactions} & rate & $A$ & $\beta$ & $E_a$ & \textbf{Source} \\
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{l}{\reaction[rxn:NH2+O=HNO+H]{NH2 + O <=> HNO + H \,}} &
$k$ & 1.50$\times$10$^{15}$ & -0.547 & 836.7 & Sumathi et al. \\
& $k$ & 7.73$\times$10$^{13}$ & -0.277 & 646.4 & (Duplicate) \\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{\reaction[rxn:NH2+NO=N2+H2O]{NH2 + NO <=> N2 + H2O \,}} &
$k$ & 2.60$\times$10$^{19}$ & -2.369 & 870.0 & Song et al. \\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{\reaction[rxn:NH2+NO=NNH+OH]{NH2 + NO <=> NNH + OH \,}} &
$k$ & 4.30$\times$10$^{10}$ & 0.294 & -866.0 & Song et al. \\
\reaction[rxn:N2H2=NNH+H]{N2H2 <=> NNH + H \,} &
$k_{\infty}$ & 6.30$\times$10$^{16}$ & 0 & 64000 & No multicolumn \\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案1
我建议使用一个\tablereaction宏来避免猜测宽度。它跨越两列，因此在第二行你需要使用&&。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{array}
% R1, R2, etc counter
\makeatletter
\newcounter{reaction}
\renewcommand\thereaction{R\arabic{reaction}}
\newcommand\reactiontag{\refstepcounter{reaction}\tag{\thereaction}}
\newcommand\reaction@[2][]{%
\begin{equation}\ce{#2}%
\if\relax\detokenize{#1}\relax\else\label{#1}\fi
\reactiontag\end{equation}%
}
\newcommand\reaction@nonumber[1]{%
\begin{equation*}\ce{#1}\end{equation*}%
}
\newcommand\reaction{%
\@ifstar{\reaction@nonumber}{\reaction@}%
}
\newcommand{\tablereaction}[2][]{%
\ce{#2} &
\if\relax\detokenize{#1}\relax\else\refstepcounter{reaction}\label{#1}\thetag{\thereaction}\fi
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Reactions with rate parameters updated in this work,
including the modified Arrhenius rate rate parameters
$k=A$ $T^{\beta}$ $e^{-E_a/RT}$ with units \unit{cm^3}, \unit{mol},
\unit{s}, and \unit{K}. Rates for the low and high pressure limits
are indicated with $k_0$ and $k_{\infty}$, respectively.}
\small
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0pt}
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{
@{\extracolsep{\fill}}
l % the reaction
c % the reaction number
c % rate
S[table-format=1.2e2] % A
S[table-format=-1.3] % beta
S[table-format=-3.1] % E_a
l % source
}
\toprule
\textbf{Reactions} &&
rate & {$A$} & {$\beta$} & {$E_a$} & \textbf{Source} \\
\midrule
\tablereaction[rxn:NH2+O=HNO+H]{NH2 + O <=> HNO + H \,} &
$k$ & 1.50e15 & -0.547 & 836.7 & Sumathi et al. \\
&&
$k$ & 7.73e13 & -0.277 & 646.4 & (Duplicate) \\
\tablereaction[rxn:NH2+NO=N2+H2O]{NH2 + NO <=> N2 + H2O \,} &
$k$ & 2.60e19 & -2.369 & 870.0 & Song et al. \\
\tablereaction[rxn:NH2+NO=NNH+OH]{NH2 + NO <=> NNH + OH \,} &
$k$ & 4.30e10 & 0.294 & -866.0 & Song et al. \\
\tablereaction[rxn:N2H2=NNH+H]{N2H2 <=> NNH + H \,} &
$k_{\infty}$ & 6.30e16 & 0 & {64000} & No multicolumn \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular*}
\end{table}
\end{document}
具有特征的实现xparse。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{array}
% R1, R2, etc counter
\newcounter{reaction}
\renewcommand\thereaction{R\arabic{reaction}}
\newcommand\reactiontag{\refstepcounter{reaction}\tag{\thereaction}}
\NewDocumentCommand{\reaction}{som}{%
\IfBooleanTF{#1}
{\begin{equation*}\ce{#3}\end{equation*}}
{%
\begin{equation}
\ce{#3}
\IfValueT{#2}{\label{#2}}
\reactiontag
\end{equation}%
}
}
\NewDocumentCommand{\tablereaction}{om}{%
\ce{#2} & \IfValueT{#1}{\refstepcounter{reaction}\label{#1}\thetag{\thereaction}}%
}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Reactions with rate parameters updated in this work,
including the modified Arrhenius rate rate parameters
$k=A$ $T^{\beta}$ $e^{-E_a/RT}$ with units \unit{cm^3}, \unit{mol},
\unit{s}, and \unit{K}. Rates for the low and high pressure limits
are indicated with $k_0$ and $k_{\infty}$, respectively.}
\small
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0pt}
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{
@{\extracolsep{\fill}}
l % the reaction
c % the reaction number
c % rate
S[table-format=1.2e2] % A
S[table-format=-1.3] % beta
S[table-format=-3.1] % E_a
l % source
}
\toprule
\textbf{Reactions} &&
rate & {$A$} & {$\beta$} & {$E_a$} & \textbf{Source} \\
\midrule
\tablereaction[rxn:NH2+O=HNO+H]{NH2 + O <=> HNO + H \,} &
$k$ & 1.50e15 & -0.547 & 836.7 & Sumathi et al. \\
&&
$k$ & 7.73e13 & -0.277 & 646.4 & (Duplicate) \\
\tablereaction[rxn:NH2+NO=N2+H2O]{NH2 + NO <=> N2 + H2O \,} &
$k$ & 2.60e19 & -2.369 & 870.0 & Song et al. \\
\tablereaction[rxn:NH2+NO=NNH+OH]{NH2 + NO <=> NNH + OH \,} &
$k$ & 4.30e10 & 0.294 & -866.0 & Song et al. \\
\tablereaction[rxn:N2H2=NNH+H]{N2H2 <=> NNH + H \,} &
$k_{\infty}$ & 6.30e16 & 0 & {64000} & No multicolumn \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular*}
\end{table}
\reaction[test]{NH2 + NO <=> N2 + H2O}
\reaction{NH2 + NO <=> N2 + H2O}
\reaction*{NH2 + NO <=> N2 + H2O}
\ref{rxn:N2H2=NNH+H} and \ref{test}
\end{document}
我添加了一些\reaction命令来测试；您会看到引用是正确的。
