表格与文本之间的水平空间

Question

在此代码中

\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{lastpage}
\usepackage{xltabular,array}
\usepackage{showframe}

\sisetup{per-mode=fraction}

\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{document}
    
    \vspace*{-2cm}
    
    \noindent % it doesn't seem to make a difference
    
    \begin{tabular}{|>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}m{3cm}|>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}m{7cm}|>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}m{5cm}|>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}m{2cm}|}
        \hline
        %\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0.5ex}
        \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image} & 
        \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}m{12cm}|}{\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{4.5ex}{\LARGE \textbf{Mein-wunderschönes-Gymnasium}}} & \\
        &
        \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}m{12cm}|}{{\rule[-2ex]{0pt}{6.5ex} \textbf{\Large Aufbau eines Versuchsprotokolls}}}  &
        \rule[-2ex]{0pt}{6.5ex} {\Large \textbf{(WHO)}}  \\
        \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{7.5ex} {\Large Klasse:} &
        \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{7.5ex} {\Large Name:}  &
        \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{7.5ex} {\Large Datum:}  &
        \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{7.5ex} {\Large Seite \thepage\ von \pageref{LastPage}} \\
        \hline
    \end{tabular}

    \section*{Section title begins here}
    
    Text begins here.
        
\end{document}

我得到的表格不是从文本边缘左侧开始对齐的。我添加了框架来显示我的意思。我得到了

我知道我可以用 将桌子拉到左边\hspace，但这需要反复试验。我需要调整长度来自动修复这个问题吗？（不用担心桌子也太宽了：我会在正确对齐后立即修复这个问题）。

Answer 1

您需要桌子吗？

\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{lastpage}
%\usepackage{showframe}

\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{document}

\vspace*{-2cm}
\noindent\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\hrule\smallskip

\LARGE

\makebox[0pt][l]{%
  \begin{tabular}{@{}c@{}}\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image}\end{tabular}%
}\hfill
\textbf{Mein-wunderschönes-Gymnasium}\hspace*{\fill}

\Large

\hspace*{\fill}\textbf{Aufbau eines Versuchsprotokolls\hspace*{\fill}\makebox[0pt][r]{(WHO)}}

\bigskip

\makebox[0.2\textwidth][l]{Klasse:}%
\makebox[0.4\textwidth][l]{Name:}%
\makebox[0.2\textwidth][l]{Datum:}\hfill
\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}}Seite \thepage\ \\ von \pageref{LastPage}\end{tabular}

\smallskip
\hrule
\end{minipage}

\section*{Section title begins here}
    
Text begins here.
        
\end{document}

没有showframe

您甚至可以让标题大于文本宽度：

\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{lastpage}
%\usepackage{showframe}

\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{document}

\vspace*{-2cm}
\noindent\hspace{-1cm}\begin{minipage}{\dimexpr\textwidth+2cm}
\hrule\smallskip

\LARGE

\makebox[0pt][l]{%
  \begin{tabular}{@{}c@{}}\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image}\end{tabular}%
}\hfill
\textbf{Mein-wunderschönes-Gymnasium}\hspace*{\fill}

\Large

\hspace*{\fill}\textbf{Aufbau eines Versuchsprotokolls\hspace*{\fill}\makebox[0pt][r]{(WHO)}}

\bigskip

\makebox[0.2\textwidth][l]{Klasse:}%
\makebox[0.4\textwidth][l]{Name:}%
\makebox[0.2\textwidth][l]{Datum:}\hfill
\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}}Seite \thepage\ \\ von \pageref{LastPage}\end{tabular}

\smallskip
\hrule
\end{minipage}\hspace*{-1cm}

\section*{Section title begins here}
    
Text begins here.
        
\end{document}

Answer 2

除了消除后面的空行之外\noindent，您可能还想（a）确保表格实际上适合文本块以及（b）整理代码，可能如下所示。

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{graphicx,lastpage,xltabular,array,calc}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
%\usepackage{showframe}

\sisetup{per-mode=fraction}

\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{document}

\noindent % it makes a huge difference...
\begin{tabular}{@{}
   M{3cm}
   M{7cm-2\tabcolsep}
   M{4.75cm-2\tabcolsep}
   M{2.25cm-2\tabcolsep} @{}}
   \hline
   %\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0.5ex}
   \includegraphics[width=3cm-\tabcolsep]{example-image} & 
   \multicolumn{2}{c}{\LARGE\textbf{Mein wunderschönes Gymnasium}} & \\
   &
   \multicolumn{2}{c}{\rule[-2ex]{0pt}{6.5ex}\Large\textbf{Aufbau eines Versuchsprotokolls}}  &
   \Large \textbf{(WHO)}  \\
        \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{7.5ex}\Large Klasse: &
        \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{7.5ex}\Large Name:  &
        \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{7.5ex}\Large Datum:  &
        \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{7.5ex}\Large Seite \thepage\ von \pageref{LastPage} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\section*{Section title begins here}
    
Text begins here.
        
\end{document}