最小化 PHP.CGI.Argument.Injection 并进一步强化 Centos 6.4 Web 服务器

最小化 PHP.CGI.Argument.Injection 并进一步强化 Centos 6.4 Web 服务器

我们有带有物理防火墙的 Centos 6.4 服务器。我们不断看到防火墙检测到相当多的 PHP.CGI.Argument.Injection。在服务器本身上,我们已经完成了基本的 apache 强化,如下所示。我们正在使用fail2ban 和mod_secure。还可以做些什么来进一步强化服务器?

httpd.conf

   #
    # This is the main Apache server configuration file.  It contains the
    # configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
    # See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/> for detailed information.
    # In particular, see
    # <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html>
    # for a discussion of each configuration directive.
    #
    #
    # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
    # what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure
    # consult the online docs. You have been warned.  
    #
    # The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections:
    #  1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a
    #     whole (the 'global environment').
    #  2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server,
    #     which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host.
    #     These directives also provide default values for the settings
    #     of all virtual hosts.
    #  3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to
    #     different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the
    #     same Apache server process.
    #
    # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
    # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
    # server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin
    # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/foo.log"
    # with ServerRoot set to "/etc/httpd" will be interpreted by the
    # server as "/etc/httpd/logs/foo.log".
    #

    ### Section 1: Global Environment
    #
    # The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache,
    # such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it
    # can find its configuration files.
    #

    #
    # Don't give away too much information about all the subcomponents
    # we are running.  Comment out this line if you don't mind remote sites
    # finding out what major optional modules you are running
    ServerTokens OS

    #
    # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
    # configuration, error, and log files are kept.
    #
    # NOTE!  If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network)
    # mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation
    # (available at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>);
    # you will save yourself a lot of trouble.
    #
    # Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path.
    #
    ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

    #
    # PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process
    # identification number when it starts.  Note the PIDFILE variable in
    # /etc/sysconfig/httpd must be set appropriately if this location is
    # changed.
    #
    PidFile run/httpd.pid

    #
    # Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.
    #
    Timeout 60

    #
    # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than
    # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.
    #
    KeepAlive Off

    #
    # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
    # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
    # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.
    #
    MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

    #
    # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the
    # same client on the same connection.
    #
    KeepAliveTimeout 15

    ##
    ## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific)
    ## 

    # prefork MPM
    # StartServers: number of server processes to start
    # MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare
    # MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare
    # ServerLimit: maximum value for MaxClients for the lifetime of the server
    # MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start
    # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves
    <IfModule prefork.c>
    StartServers       8
    MinSpareServers    5
    MaxSpareServers   20
    ServerLimit      256
    MaxClients       256
    MaxRequestsPerChild  4000
    </IfModule>

    # worker MPM
    # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start
    # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections
    # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare
    # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare
    # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process
    # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves
    <IfModule worker.c>
    StartServers         4
    MaxClients         300
    MinSpareThreads     25
    MaxSpareThreads     75 
    ThreadsPerChild     25
    MaxRequestsPerChild  0
    </IfModule>

    #
    # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
    # ports, in addition to the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
    # directive.
    #
    # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
    # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses (0.0.0.0)
    #
    #Listen 12.34.56.78:80
    Listen 80

    #
    # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
    #
    # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
    # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
    # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
    # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
    # to be loaded here.
    #
    # Example:
    # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
    #
    #LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
    #LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so
    #LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so
    #LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so
    #LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so
    #LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so
    #LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so
    #LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
    #LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
    #LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so
    #LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
    #LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so
    LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so
    LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so
    LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so
    LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so
    LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
    LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so
    LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
    LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so
    LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so
    LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so
    LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
    LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
    LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so
    LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so
    LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
    #LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
    LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
    LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
    LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so
    #LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
    LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so
    #LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so
    LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
    LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so
    #LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so
    LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so
    LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
    #LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so
    LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
    #LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
    #LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
    #LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
    #LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
    #LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
    #LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
    LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
    LoadModule suexec_module modules/mod_suexec.so
    LoadModule disk_cache_module modules/mod_disk_cache.so
    LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
    LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so

    #
    # The following modules are not loaded by default:
    #
    #LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so
    #LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so
    #LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so
    #LoadModule cgid_module modules/mod_cgid.so
    #LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so
    #LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so
    #LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so
    #LoadModule ident_module modules/mod_ident.so
    #LoadModule log_forensic_module modules/mod_log_forensic.so
    #LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so
    #

    #
    # Load config files from the config directory "/etc/httpd/conf.d".
    #
    Include conf.d/*.conf


    #
    #ExtendedStatus On

    #

    #
    User apache
    Group apache



    #
    ServerAdmin root@localhost       

    #
    # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
    # You will have to access it by its address anyway, and this will make 
    # redirections work in a sensible way.

    #ServerName http://********:80


    # ServerName directive.
    #
    UseCanonicalName Off       

    #
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

    # First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of 
    # features.  
    #
    <Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
    </Directory>

    <Directory "/var/www/html">


    #
        Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks


    #
        AllowOverride None

    #
    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
    #
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all

    </Directory>        
    #
    # See also: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/misc/FAQ.html#forbidden
    #
    <IfModule mod_userdir.c>

        #
        UserDir disabled


        # 
        #UserDir public_html

    </IfModule>

    DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var

    #
    # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory
    # for additional configuration directives.  See also the AllowOverride
    # directive.
    #
    AccessFileName .htaccess

    #
    # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being 
    # viewed by Web clients. 
    #
    <Files ~ "^\.ht">
        Order allow,deny
        Deny from all
        Satisfy All
    </Files>

    #
    # TypesConfig describes where the mime.types file (or equivalent) is
    # to be found.
    #
    TypesConfig /etc/mime.types


    # a good value.  If most of your content is binary, such as applications
    # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to
    # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are
    # text.
    #
    DefaultType text/plain


    # contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile
    # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
    #
    <IfModule mod_mime_magic.c>
    #   MIMEMagicFile /usr/share/magic.mime
        MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
    </IfModule>


    # nameserver.
    #
    HostnameLookups Off


    #
    #EnableMMAP off


    #
    #EnableSendfile off


    #
    ErrorLog logs/error_log


    LogLevel warn


    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
    LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
    LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

    # "combinedio" includes actual counts of actual bytes received (%I) and sent (%O); this
    # requires the mod_logio module to be loaded.
    #LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio


    #
    #CustomLog logs/access_log common

    #
    # If you would like to have separate agent and referer logfiles, uncomment
    # the following directives.
    #
    #CustomLog logs/referer_log referer
    #CustomLog logs/agent_log agent


    CustomLog logs/access_log combined

    # Set to "EMail" to also include a mailto: link to the ServerAdmin.
    # Set to one of:  On | Off | EMail
    #
    ServerSignature Off


    # We include the /icons/ alias for FancyIndexed directory listings.  If you
    # do not use FancyIndexing, you may comment this out.
    #
    Alias /icons/ "/var/www/icons/"

    <Directory "/var/www/icons">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>

    #
    # WebDAV module configuration section.
    # 
    <IfModule mod_dav_fs.c>
        # Location of the WebDAV lock database.
        DAVLockDB /var/lib/dav/lockdb
    </IfModule>


    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

    #
    # "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
    # CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
    #
    <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
        AllowOverride None
        Options None
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>


    IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort NameWidth=* HTMLTable Charset=UTF-8


    AddIconByEncoding (CMP,/icons/compressed.gif) x-compress x-gzip

    AddIconByType (TXT,/icons/text.gif) text/*
    AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image2.gif) image/*
    AddIconByType (SND,/icons/sound2.gif) audio/*
    AddIconByType (VID,/icons/movie.gif) video/*

    AddIcon /icons/binary.gif .bin .exe
    AddIcon /icons/binhex.gif .hqx
    AddIcon /icons/tar.gif .tar
    AddIcon /icons/world2.gif .wrl .wrl.gz .vrml .vrm .iv
    AddIcon /icons/compressed.gif .Z .z .tgz .gz .zip
    AddIcon /icons/a.gif .ps .ai .eps
    AddIcon /icons/layout.gif .html .shtml .htm .pdf
    AddIcon /icons/text.gif .txt
    AddIcon /icons/c.gif .c
    AddIcon /icons/p.gif .pl .py
    AddIcon /icons/f.gif .for
    AddIcon /icons/dvi.gif .dvi
    AddIcon /icons/uuencoded.gif .uu
    AddIcon /icons/script.gif .conf .sh .shar .csh .ksh .tcl
    AddIcon /icons/tex.gif .tex
    AddIcon /icons/bomb.gif core

    AddIcon /icons/back.gif ..
    AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README
    AddIcon /icons/folder.gif ^^DIRECTORY^^
    AddIcon /icons/blank.gif ^^BLANKICON^^

    #
    # DefaultIcon is which icon to show for files which do not have an icon
    # explicitly set.
    #
    DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.gif


    # HeaderName is the name of a file which should be prepended to
    # directory indexes. 
    ReadmeName README.html
    HeaderName HEADER.html

    #
    # IndexIgnore is a set of filenames which directory indexing should ignore
    # and not include in the listing.  Shell-style wildcarding is permitted.
    #
    IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t


    # * being a certain language than marking it with the wrong
    # * language!
    #
    DefaultLanguage english

    # Simplified Chinese (zh-CN) - Spanish (es) - Traditional Chinese (zh-TW)
    #
    AddLanguage ca .ca
    AddLanguage cs .cz .cs
    AddLanguage da .dk
    AddLanguage de .de
    AddLanguage el .el
    AddLanguage en .en
    AddLanguage eo .eo
    AddLanguage es .es
    AddLanguage et .et
    AddLanguage fr .fr
    AddLanguage he .he
    AddLanguage hr .hr
    AddLanguage it .it
    AddLanguage ja .ja
    AddLanguage ko .ko
    AddLanguage ltz .ltz
    AddLanguage nl .nl
    AddLanguage nn .nn
    AddLanguage no .no
    AddLanguage pl .po
    AddLanguage pt .pt
    AddLanguage pt-BR .pt-br
    AddLanguage ru .ru
    AddLanguage sv .sv
    AddLanguage zh-CN .zh-cn
    AddLanguage zh-TW .zh-tw


    LanguagePriority en ca cs da de el eo es et fr he hr it ja ko ltz nl nn no pl pt pt-BR ru sv zh-CN zh-TW

    ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback

    AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

    #
    # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
    # file mime.types for specific file types.
    #
    #AddType application/x-tar .tgz

    #
    # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
    # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
    #AddEncoding x-compress .Z
    #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz

    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    #
    #   MIME-types for downloading Certificates and CRLs
    #
    AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt
    AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl    .crl

    #
    # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
    # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
    # or added with the Action directive (see below)
    #
    # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
    # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

    #
    # For files that include their own HTTP headers:
    #
    #AddHandler send-as-is asis

    #
    # For type maps (negotiated resources):
    # (This is enabled by default to allow the Apache "It Worked" page
    #  to be distributed in multiple languages.)
    #
    AddHandler type-map var

    #
    # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
    #
    # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
    # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    AddType text/html .shtml
    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml

    # Action lets you define media types that will execute a script whenever
    # Format: Action media/type /cgi-script/location
    # Format: Action handler-name /cgi-script/location
    #


    # Some examples:
    #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
    #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
    #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
    #ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
    #

    #
    # Putting this all together, we can internationalize error responses.
    #
    # We use Alias to redirect any /error/HTTP_<error>.html.var response to
    # our collection of by-error message multi-language collections.  We use 
    # includes to substitute the appropriate text.
    #
    # You can modify the messages' appearance without changing any of the
    # default HTTP_<error>.html.var files by adding the line:
    #
    #   Alias /error/include/ "/your/include/path/"
    #
    # which allows you to create your own set of files by starting with the
    # /var/www/error/include/ files and
    # copying them to /your/include/path/, even on a per-VirtualHost basis.
    #

    Alias /error/ "/var/www/error/"

    <IfModule mod_negotiation.c>
    <IfModule mod_include.c>
        <Directory "/var/www/error">
            AllowOverride None
            Options IncludesNoExec
            AddOutputFilter Includes html
            AddHandler type-map var
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
            LanguagePriority en es de fr
            ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback
        </Directory>

    #    ErrorDocument 400 /error/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 401 /error/HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 403 /error/HTTP_FORBIDDEN.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 404 /error/HTTP_NOT_FOUND.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 405 /error/HTTP_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 408 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_TIME_OUT.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 410 /error/HTTP_GONE.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 411 /error/HTTP_LENGTH_REQUIRED.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 412 /error/HTTP_PRECONDITION_FAILED.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 413 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 414 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LARGE.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 415 /error/HTTP_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 500 /error/HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 501 /error/HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 502 /error/HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 503 /error/HTTP_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE.html.var
    #    ErrorDocument 506 /error/HTTP_VARIANT_ALSO_VARIES.html.var

    </IfModule>
    </IfModule>

    #
    # The following directives modify normal HTTP response behavior to
    # handle known problems with browser implementations.
    #
    BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive
    BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
    BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0
    BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0
    BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0

    #
    # The following directive disables redirects on non-GET requests for
    # a directory that does not include the trailing slash.  This fixes a 
    # problem with Microsoft WebFolders which does not appropriately handle 
    # redirects for folders with DAV methods.
    # Same deal with Apple's DAV filesystem and Gnome VFS support for DAV.
    #
    BrowserMatch "Microsoft Data Access Internet Publishing Provider" redirect-carefully
    BrowserMatch "MS FrontPage" redirect-carefully
    BrowserMatch "^WebDrive" redirect-carefully
    BrowserMatch "^WebDAVFS/1.[0123]" redirect-carefully
    BrowserMatch "^gnome-vfs/1.0" redirect-carefully
    BrowserMatch "^XML Spy" redirect-carefully
    BrowserMatch "^Dreamweaver-WebDAV-SCM1" redirect-carefully

答案1

PHP.CGI.Argument.Injection 漏洞如果用作 CGI 并且版本 <= 5.3.12 或 <= 5.4.2,则允许在 PHP 上远程执行代码。

您在防火墙日志中看到这些行并不意味着您易受伤害的,只是外面有人那你可能。为此,但这只是我的意见我有几位专家强烈反对,让你的服务器隐藏其版本控制令牌可能会适得其反,因为潜在的利用者会尝试他们所有的伎俩 - 那些你可能容易受到攻击的技巧,以及那些你不容易受到攻击的技巧。如果出现针对 FooScript 的漏洞,您将不会因为没有宣传 FooScript 的使用而幸免。

那么,你什么do(我想你已经这样做了)是将 PHP 作为模块运行和/或将其更新为比易受攻击的版本更高的版本。一旦您不再容易受到攻击,您可能希望指示防火墙在没有警告的情况下放弃此类尝试(当然您仍然希望收到警告其他尝试!)。

一般来说,您可能还想查看一项或多项漏洞扫描器

将 PHP 作为模块或 CGI

PHP 可以通过多种方式安装。作为一个模块 ( mod_php5),它“生存”在 Apache 进程中,默认情况下具有相同的权限。您可以将其视为“嵌入”Apache 内部的 PHP 功能,使其变得“更智能”。妥协mod_php可能意味着损害 Apache(有补救措施,但仍然如此),因此全部其网站。作为一个 CGI,它作为一个单独的进程存在(一些单独的进程),一些人认为这更安全,而另一些人则认为这是性能较差(每次调用都必须重新设置整个过程)。 FastCGI 处于中间位置,但需要更多配置;有两三个口味它的。

配置看起来还不错;不过,您可能想更改这些值:

KeepAlive      On
DefaultType    text/html
EnableMMAP     On

mmap'ing 几乎可以免费提高性能。有一些警告,但它们是通常不相关(当然,您将检查这是否是您的情况):

这种内存映射有时会提高性能。但在某些环境中,最好禁用内存映射以防止出现操作问题:

On some multiprocessor systems, memory-mapping can reduce the performance of the httpd.
Deleting or truncating a file while httpd has it memory-mapped can cause httpd to crash with a segmentation fault.

禁用 Keep-Alive 可能会减轻某种 (D)DoS - 请参阅安全提示-,但通常最好采取其他措施,例如禁止(就像您已经做的那样),这使得禁用 Keep-Alives 基本上是多余的;同时拥有它们可以提高“好”客户的性能(也可以释放资源来处理坏的那些)。

默认的内容类型text/html并不真正相关,但我觉得没有理由让你的平均值网络服务器默认为纯文本。

答案2

渗透测试

当维护可访问互联网的服务器时,您确实无法避免自己执行渗透测试(又名渗透测试)的需要。我通常使用以下工具来执行此操作:

  • OpenVAS 是一个由多种服务和工具组成的框架,提供全面且强大的漏洞扫描和漏洞管理解决方案。 (免费/开源)
  • Nessus 是 Tenable Network Security 开发的专有综合漏洞扫描器。在非企业环境中个人使用是免费的。其目标是检测被测系统上的潜在漏洞。
  • Metasploit Framework 是一个用于针对远程目标计算机开发和执行漏洞利用代码的工具。

NSA 强化指南

我通常在设置 CentOS 系统时会阅读本指南。它特定于 RHEL5,但指南中的所有内容都是相关的并且应该遵守。它确实专门讨论了 Apache 的强化。

审计

正如您现在所做的那样,检查任何异常情况并跟进它们,并确保您理解它们,以便您可以权衡它们是否是您的设置的潜在向量。

埃里克·罗曼的博客是查找这些漏洞的一个非常好的资源。具体来说,这是您注意到的漏洞:CVE-2012-1823 PHP CGI 参数注入 Metasploit 演示。您还可以查找这两个数据库中的漏洞:

  • OSVDB- 开源漏洞数据库
  • CVE- 常见漏洞和暴露列表

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