☰

图表存在问题

tag-icon • tag-icon diagrams tikz-arrows labels
图表存在问题

我正在尝试绘制一个图表，我尽了最大努力，创建了下图。从图中可以看出，标签令人困惑。可以解决这个问题吗？确切地说，是否可以在箭头内部或沿箭头方向标记边缘？

提前致谢在此处输入图片描述

以下是代码：

\documentclass[reqno]{amsart}
\usepackage[left=2.5cm,right=2.5cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,automata}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\tikzset{
    treenode/.style = {shape=rectangle, rounded corners,
        draw, align=center,
        top color=white, bottom color=blue!20},
    root/.style     = {treenode, font=\Large, bottom color=red!30},
    env/.style      = {treenode, font=\ttfamily\normalsize},
    dummy/.style    = {circle,draw}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=stealth',shorten >=1pt,auto,node distance=5.2cm,
    semithick]
    \tikzstyle{every state}=[fill=yellow,draw=none,text=black]
    
    \node[env] (A)                    { $\alpha$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (B) [below left of=A] {Nabla $(q,h)$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (C) [below right of=A] {Delta $(q,h)$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (D) [below of=B] {Nabla $q$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (E) [below left of=B] {Nabla $h$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (F) [below of=C] {Delta $q$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (G) [below right of=C] {Delta $h$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (O) [below left of=F] {Ordinary derivative};
    \node[env]         (H) [left of=A] {$q$-derivative generator};
    \node[env]         (I) [right of=A] {$h$-derivative generator};
    
    
    \path (A) edge              node {$t=0$} (B)
    (A) edge              node {$h\to 0$} (H)
    (A) edge              node {$q\to 1$} (I)
    edge              node {$t=1$} (C)
    (B) edge              node {$h\to 0$} (D)
    (B) edge              node {$q\to 1$} (E)
    (C) edge              node {$h\to 0$} (F)
    (C) edge              node {$q\to 1$} (G)
    (D) edge              node[below] {$q\to 1$} (O)
    (E) edge[thick, bend right]              node[below] {$h\to 0$} (O)
    (F) edge              node {$q\to 1$} (O)
    (G) edge[thick, bend left]              node[below] {$h\to 0$} (O)
    (B) edge              node[left] {$(q,h)\to (1,0)$} (O)
    (C) edge              node[left] {$(q,h)\to (1,0)$} (O)
    (H) edge[thick, bend right]              node[below]{$t=0$} (D)
    (H) edge              node {$t=1$} (F)
    (I) edge[thick, bend left]             node {$t=1$} (G)
    (I) edge [thick, out=90, in=90, looseness=1] node[below] {$t=0$} (E)
    ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

答案1

我认为你也可以通过使用从左到右的布局来改进它，并调整节点的相对位置以避免一些交叉。也许像这样：

在此处输入图片描述

我相信你可以在 tikz 中完成这个布局，但在这里我使用了元帖子因此您需要使用以下命令编译该示例lualatex：

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\begin{document}
\mplibtextextlabel{enable}
\begin{mplibcode}
beginfig(1);

    pair a, b; a = origin; b = 400 right;
    picture b[];
    b0 = thelabel("\strut $\alpha$-derivative", a);
    b1 = thelabel("\strut Ordinary derivative", b shifted 120 right);
    b2 = thelabel("\strut Delta $h$-derivative", b shifted 80 up);
    b4 = thelabel("\strut Nabla $h$-derivative", b shifted 40 up);
    b3 = thelabel("\strut Delta $q$-derivative", b shifted 40 down);
    b5 = thelabel("\strut Nabla $q$-derivative", b shifted 80 down);
    b6 = thelabel("\strut Delta $(q,h)$-derivative", 7/16[a,b] shifted 24 up);
    b7 = thelabel("\strut Nabla $(q,h)$-derivative", 7/16[a,b] shifted 24 down);
    b8 = thelabel("\strut $h$-derivative generator", 3/8[a,b] shifted 72 up);
    b9 = thelabel("\strut $q$-derivative generator", 3/8[a,b] shifted 72 down);

    forsuffixes $=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9:
        % decorate the box
        interim bboxmargin := 4;
        path corner; corner = 3 up {down} .. {right} 3 right;
        path rb; rb = for i=0 upto 3: corner rotated 90i shifted point i of bbox b$ -- endfor cycle;
        picture fb; fb = image(
        for i = 0 upto 32:
            draw interpath(i/32, subpath(0,1) of bbox b$, subpath (3,2) of bbox b$)
                withpen pencircle scaled 1
                withcolor (i/128+3/4)[blue, white];
        endfor); clip fb to rb; draw fb; draw rb;
        
        % draw the text
        draw b$;
    endfor
    
    vardef connect(expr A, B, r, t) = 
        save s, p; 
        interim bboxmargin := 6;
        path p; p = point 3/2 of bbox A {right} .. {right} point 7/2 of bbox B;
        picture s; s = thelabel(TEX(t) scaled 5/8, point r of p);
        interim bboxmargin := 2; interim ahangle := 30;
        drawarrow p; unfill bbox s; draw s withcolor 2/3 red;
    enddef;

    connect(b0, b6,  1/2, "$t=1$");
    connect(b0, b7,  1/2, "$t=0$");
    connect(b0, b8,  1/2, "$q\to1$");
    connect(b0, b9,  1/2, "$h\to0$");

    connect(b8, b2,  1/3, "$t=1$");
    connect(b8, b4,  1/3, "$t=0$");

    connect(b9, b3,  1/3, "$t=1$");
    connect(b9, b5,  1/3, "$t=0$");

    connect(b6, b1,  9/16, "$(q,h)\to(1,0)$");
    connect(b6, b2,  1/4, "$q\to1$");
    connect(b6, b3,  1/4, "$h\to0$");

    connect(b7, b1,  9/16, "$(q,h)\to(1,0)$");
    connect(b7, b4,  1/4, "$q\to1$");
    connect(b7, b5,  1/4, "$h\to0$");

    vardef connect(expr A, B, r, t) = 
        save s, p; 
        interim bboxmargin := 6;
        path p; p = point 3/2 of bbox A {right} .. {dir -50} point 21/8 of bbox B;
        picture s; s = thelabel(TEX(t) scaled 5/8, point r of p);
        interim bboxmargin := 2; interim ahangle := 30;
        drawarrow p; unfill bbox s; draw s withcolor 2/3 red;
    enddef;
    connect(b2, b1, 1/3, "$h\to0$");
    connect(b4, b1, 1/3, "$h\to0$");

    vardef connect(expr A, B, r, t) = 
        save s, p; 
        interim bboxmargin := 6;
        path p; p = point 3/2 of bbox A {right} .. {dir 50} point 3/8 of bbox B;
        picture s; s = thelabel(TEX(t) scaled 5/8, point r of p);
        interim bboxmargin := 2; interim ahangle := 30;
        drawarrow p; unfill bbox s; draw s withcolor 2/3 red;
    enddef;
    connect(b3, b1, 1/3, "$q\to1$");
    connect(b5, b1, 1/3, "$q\to1$");

endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}

如果您注释掉“装饰盒子”部分，您会得到一个更简单的版本，我想我更喜欢这个版本：

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

您可以添加every node/.append style={sloped}到您的tikzpicture。然后使用对单个节点进行一些手动调整below，并pos=可以清理一切。

(H.345)另外，请注意下面代码中的使用。345指的是节点周边的位置（角度）。通过不使用节点的默认值（中心），可以避免箭头穿过节点Nabla (q,h)-derivative。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[reqno]{amsart}
\usepackage[left=2.5cm,right=2.5cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,automata}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\tikzset{
    treenode/.style = {shape=rectangle, rounded corners,
        draw, align=center,
        top color=white, bottom color=blue!20},
    root/.style     = {treenode, font=\Large, bottom color=red!30},
    env/.style      = {treenode, font=\ttfamily\normalsize},
    dummy/.style    = {circle,draw}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=stealth',shorten >=1pt,auto,node distance=5.2cm,
    semithick, every node/.append style={sloped}]
    \tikzstyle{every state}=[fill=yellow,draw=none,text=black]
    
    \node[env] (A)                    { $\alpha$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (B) [below left of=A] {Nabla $(q,h)$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (C) [below right of=A] {Delta $(q,h)$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (D) [below of=B] {Nabla $q$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (E) [below left of=B] {Nabla $h$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (F) [below of=C] {Delta $q$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (G) [below right of=C] {Delta $h$-derivative};
    \node[env]         (O) [below left of=F] {Ordinary derivative};
    \node[env]         (H) [left of=A] {$q$-derivative generator};
    \node[env]         (I) [right of=A] {$h$-derivative generator};
    
    
    \path 
    (A) edge              node {$t=0$} (B)
    (A) edge              node[below, pos=.4] {$h\to 0$} (H)
    (A) edge              node {$q\to 1$} (I)
    edge              node {$t=1$} (C)
    (B) edge              node {$h\to 0$} (D)
    (B) edge              node[pos=.7] {$q\to 1$} (E)
    (C) edge              node {$h\to 0$} (F)
    (C) edge              node {$q\to 1$} (G)
    (D) edge              node[below] {$q\to 1$} (O)
    (E) edge[thick, bend right]              node[below] {$h\to 0$} (O)
    (F) edge              node {$q\to 1$} (O)
    (G) edge[thick, bend left]              node[below] {$h\to 0$} (O)
    (B) edge              node {$(q,h)\to (1,0)$} (O)
    (C) edge              node[pos=.6] {$(q,h)\to (1,0)$} (O)
    (H) edge[thick, bend right]              node[pos=.8]{$t=0$} (D)
    (H.345) edge              node {$t=1$} (F)
    (I) edge[thick, bend left]             node {$t=1$} (G)
    (I) edge [thick, out=90, in=90, looseness=1] node[pos=.4] {$t=0$} (E)
    ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

相关内容