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改进流程图（等距框、箭头的端点位置/弯曲）

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改进流程图（等距框、箭头的端点位置/弯曲）

以下 MWE 生成了我想要改进的流程图：

  • 向左离开的箭头应该向上弯曲，大约 5 毫米。
  • 向左离开的箭头应该正好位于箭头距离的一半距离处(1)--(2)
  • 离开右侧决策点的箭头应该做同样的事情，但是(6)从北方“曲折”地进入（意思是：向下后，箭头应该向左弯曲，然后向下/或从东边进入框。
  • 是否可以根据“对象尺寸”设置节点距离？我希望每个对象之间的距离恒定，无论它们有多“长”。

先感谢您。

\documentclass{scrbook}
\usepackage[fleqn]{amsmath}

\usepackage{tikz,tikz-3dplot}
\usetikzlibrary{
    intersections,
    arrows,
    patterns,
    shapes,
    positioning,
    calc,
}
\begin{document}

\tikzstyle{block1}    = [rectangle, rounded corners,  minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw, fill=white!20, text width=6cm]
\tikzstyle{block2}    = [rectangle, rounded corners,  minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, draw, fill=white!20, text width=6cm]
\tikzstyle{decision}  = [diamond, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw, fill=white!20, text width=2cm]
\tikzstyle{line}      = [draw, ->,>=stealth]

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 3cm, auto]
  % Place nodes
  \node [block1] (1) {%
    \textbf{Initialisation}\\%
    $\vec{P} \left[ 1 \right]$
    };
  \node [block1, below of=1,]  (2)  {%
    \textbf{Fitness evaluation} \\ %
    $\vec{x}^{i} = \text{d}(\Theta^{i})$,\\ %
    $f^{i}=f{\vec{x}^{i}}$};
    \node [decision, below of=2,]  (3)  {%
      \textbf{Stop crit. met?}};
  \node [block1, below of=3,]  (4)  {%
    \textbf{Selection}};
    \node [block2, below of=4,]  (5)  {%
    \centerline{\textbf{Mating}} \\
    \textbullet~Chromosome crossover \\
    \textbullet~Segregation\\
    \textbullet~Mutation};
  \node [block1, below of=5,]  (6)  {%
  \textbf{Select solution}\\
      $i = \text{argmax}(f^{i})$,\\
      $\vec{x}^{\ast} = \vec{x}^{i}$};

      % % Draw edges
  \path [line] (1) -- node [] {$\vec{P}[k]$}(2);
  \path [line] (2) -- (3);
  \path [line] (3) -- node [] {No}(4);
  \path [line] (3.east) |- node [above] {Yes}(6);
  \path [line] (4) -- node [] {}(5);
  \path [line] (5.west) |- node [] {$\vec{P}[k+1]=\vec{C}[k]$}(0,-1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

\documentclass[tikz, border=1cm]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, calc, arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{
block1/.style   ={rectangle, rounded corners, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw, fill=white!20, text width=6cm},
block2/.style   ={rectangle, rounded corners, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, draw, fill=white!20, text width=6cm},
decision/.style ={diamond, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw, fill=white!20, text width=2cm},
line/.style     ={-Stealth},
}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3cm, auto]
\node[block1] (1) {\textbf{Initialisation}\\$\vec{P} \left[ 1 \right]$};
\node[block1, below of=1] (2) {\textbf{Fitness evaluation}\\$\vec{x}^{i}=\text{d}(\Theta^{i})$,\\$f^{i}=f{\vec{x}^{i}}$};
\node[decision, below of=2] (3) {\textbf{Stop crit. met?}};
\node[block1, below of=3] (4) {\textbf{Selection}};
\node[block2, below of=4] (5) {\centerline{\textbf{Mating}}\\\textbullet~Chromosome crossover\\\textbullet~Segregation\\\textbullet~Mutation};
\node[block1, below of=5] (6) {\textbf{Select solution}\\$i=\text{argmax}(f^{i})$,\\$\vec{x}^{\ast}=\vec{x}^{i}$};

\draw[line] (1) --node{$\vec{P}[k]$} (2);
\draw[line] (2) -- (3);
\draw[line] (3) --node{No} (4);
\draw[line] (3.east) --node[above]{Yes} +(2.5,0) |- ($ (5.south)!0.5!(6.north) $) --(6.north);
\draw[line] (4) -- (5);
\draw[line] (5.west) -- +(-0.5,0) |-node[pos=0.75]{$\vec{P}[k+1]=\vec{C}[k]$} ($ (1.south)!0.5!(2.north) $);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

决策树

答案2

为了更好地理解这一点，请在非常专业的 Hpekristiansen 的答案中添加 (prrovvisory)。在后面添加两行代码\begin{tikzpicture}：

\draw[gray!15] (-4,-16) grid (4,2);
\foreach \x/\t in {0/(1),-3/(2),-6/(3),-9/(4),-12/(5),-15/(6)} \node at (-4.2,\x) {\small $\t$};

您有此输出，可以很好地显示所有图片块：

在此处输入图片描述

block1其中我还为、block2和的样式定义添加了一些装饰颜色decision。在完全理解 Hpekristiansen 的所有代码后，您可以删除或注释我的两行。

答案3

chains我将使用包及其宏绘制流程图join：

\documentclass[border=1cm]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\DeclareMathOperator{\argmax}{{arg\,max}}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                calc, chains,
                quotes,
                positioning,
                shapes.geometric}


\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
  node distance = 8mm,
    start chain = A going below,
    %
     arr/.style = {-Stealth},
    base/.style = {draw,
                   text width=4cm, minimum height=1cm, align=center,
                   font=\bfseries},
     box/.style = {base, rounded corners},
decision/.style = {diamond, base, aspect=1.5, inner sep=-5pt},
every edge quotes/.style = {auto=left, font=\small},
every join/.style = {arr}
                    ]
    \begin{scope}[nodes={on chain=A}]
\node[box]  {Initialisation\\
             $\vec{P}[1]$};
\coordinate (aux);
\node[box, join]  {Fitness evaluation\\[1ex]
             $\begin{aligned}
             \vec{x}^{i} & = \text{d}(\Theta^{i}),\\
                   f^{i} & = f{\vec{x}^{i}}
             \end{aligned}$};
\node[decision, join] {Stop\\ crit. met?};
\node[box, join]  {Selection};
\node[box, join]  {Mating\normalfont
                \begin{itemize}[nosep, leftmargin=*]
             \item  Chromosome crossover
             \item  Segregation
             \item  Mutation
                \end{itemize}};
\node[box,
         ]  {Select solution\\[1ex]
            $\begin{aligned}
                         i & = \argmax(f^{i})\\
            \vec{x}^{\ast} & = \vec{x}^{i}
            \end{aligned}$};
    \end{scope}
\draw[arr]   (A-1) to ["{$\vec{P}[k]$}"] (A-3) to ["No"] (A-4);
\draw[arr] (A-4.east) to ["Yes"] ++ (8mm,0) |- ($(A-6.south)!0.5!(A-7.north) $) -- (A-7.north);
\draw[arr] (A-6.west) -- ++(-8mm,0) |- (aux) node[near end,above] {$\vec{P}[k+1]=\vec{C}[k]\quad$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

顺便说一句，流程图可以用不同的方式绘制。例如，在这问题。

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