我想使用 tikz 或 pgf 图来绘制下图。
我不知道该怎么做。我是 tikz 新手，如能得到任何帮助我将不胜感激。
答案1
%% Compile and read me!
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{every picture/.style={line width=0.75pt}} %set default line width to 0.75pt
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=0.75pt,y=0.75pt,yscale=-1,xscale=1]
%uncomment if require: \path (0,465); %set diagram left start at 0, and has height of 465
%Straight Lines [id:da44099480189728735]
\draw (300,19.6) -- (300,393.6) ;
\draw [shift={(300,16.6)}, rotate = 90] [fill={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 } ][line width=0.08] [draw opacity=0] (8.93,-4.29) -- (0,0) -- (8.93,4.29) -- cycle ;
%Straight Lines [id:da8824771822192676]
\draw (407.93,205.1) -- (502,205.1) ;
\draw [shift={(505,205.1)}, rotate = 180] [fill={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 } ][line width=0.08] [draw opacity=0] (8.93,-4.29) -- (0,0) -- (8.93,4.29) -- cycle ;
%Straight Lines [id:da24280879301545077]
\draw (92,205.1) -- (300,205.1) ;
%Shape: Circle [id:dp11281010206938324]
\draw (146,205.1) .. controls (146,118.12) and (216.52,47.6) .. (303.5,47.6) .. controls (390.48,47.6) and (461,118.12) .. (461,205.1) .. controls (461,292.08) and (390.48,362.6) .. (303.5,362.6) .. controls (216.52,362.6) and (146,292.08) .. (146,205.1) -- cycle ;
%Straight Lines [id:da261614095586969]
\draw [dash pattern={on 0.84pt off 2.51pt}] (300,205.1) -- (407.93,205.1) ;
%Straight Lines [id:da3729646825074229]
\draw [dash pattern={on 0.84pt off 2.51pt}] (407.93,205.1) -- (407.93,87.93) ;
%Shape: Circle [id:dp2255990803694814]
\draw [fill={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 } ,fill opacity=1 ] (403.97,88.9) .. controls (403.97,86.71) and (405.74,84.93) .. (407.93,84.93) .. controls (410.12,84.93) and (411.9,86.71) .. (411.9,88.9) .. controls (411.9,91.09) and (410.12,92.87) .. (407.93,92.87) .. controls (405.74,92.87) and (403.97,91.09) .. (403.97,88.9) -- cycle ;
%Straight Lines [id:da14689165256365078]
\draw (303.5,205.1) -- (407.93,88.9) ;
%Shape: Arc [id:dp27880451250057914]
\draw [draw opacity=0][line width=0.75] (344.18,167.51) .. controls (349.23,175.91) and (353.14,189.82) .. (353.9,203.67) -- (339.77,195.58) -- cycle ; \draw [line width=0.75] (344.18,167.51) .. controls (349.23,175.91) and (353.14,189.82) .. (353.9,203.67) ;
%Straight Lines [id:da6066277021045829]
\draw (355.47,228.93) -- (405.87,279.33) -- (468.93,279.33) ;
%Shape: Brace [id:dp3449182976418521]
\draw (304.47,207.93) .. controls (304.47,212.6) and (306.8,214.93) .. (311.47,214.93) -- (345.7,214.93) .. controls (352.37,214.93) and (355.7,217.26) .. (355.7,221.93) .. controls (355.7,217.26) and (359.03,214.93) .. (365.7,214.93)(362.7,214.93) -- (399.93,214.93) .. controls (404.6,214.93) and (406.93,212.6) .. (406.93,207.93) ;
%Shape: Brace [id:dp27574411654123265]
\draw (404.93,87.33) .. controls (401.44,84.24) and (398.15,84.44) .. (395.05,87.93) -- (354.77,133.34) .. controls (350.35,138.33) and (346.39,139.27) .. (342.9,136.18) .. controls (346.39,139.27) and (345.93,143.31) .. (341.5,148.3)(343.49,146.06) -- (302.34,192.45) .. controls (299.25,195.94) and (299.45,199.24) .. (302.94,202.34) ;
%Shape: Brace [id:dp27059078621693455]
\draw (413.93,204.33) .. controls (418.6,204.33) and (420.93,202) .. (420.93,197.33) -- (420.93,157.83) .. controls (420.93,151.16) and (423.26,147.83) .. (427.93,147.83) .. controls (423.26,147.83) and (420.93,144.5) .. (420.93,137.83)(420.93,140.83) -- (420.93,98.33) .. controls (420.93,93.66) and (418.6,91.33) .. (413.93,91.33) ;
\draw (353.6,174.07) .. controls (348.84,171.22) and (345.22,167.87) .. (342.73,163.98) .. controls (344.08,168.39) and (344.31,173.32) .. (343.39,178.79) ;
% Text Node
\draw (285.47,183.33) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] [font=\large] {$0$};
% Text Node
\draw (275,208.5) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] [font=\large] {$O$};
% Text Node
\draw (409.93,208.5) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] [font=\large] {$Q$};
% Text Node
\draw (369.47,131.33) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] [font=\large] {$1$};
% Text Node
\draw (328.47,183.33) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] {$\theta $};
% Text Node
\draw (471.47,267.33) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] [font=\large] {$x=\cos \theta $};
% Text Node
\draw (408.47,59.33) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] [font=\large] {$P( x,y)$};
% Text Node
\draw (432.47,137.33) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] [font=\large] {$y=\sin \theta $};
% Text Node
\draw (500.47,212.33) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] [font=\large] {$x$};
% Text Node
\draw (278.47,25.33) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt] [font=\large] {$y$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
库：
arrows.meta对于Triangle箭头，bending为线路提供良好的路径angles，angles为了angle图片和decorations.pathreplacing用于brace装饰。
键x和指定单位y的长度1xyz坐标系。
而不是那条斜线X标签我只是把它直接放在了支架下面。
我故意没有把角线弄粗并加阴影。在我看来，这样看起来不太好看。
支架的具体起点和终点可以稍微垂直于线移动，但这并不是那么简单。
代码
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
%\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, bending, angles, decorations.pathreplacing}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
x=4cm, y=4cm, >=Triangle,
bracy/.style={decoration={brace, amplitude=2mm}},
dec/.style={decorate, draw, solid}
]
\coordinate[label=below left:$O$] (O) at (0,0)
coordinate[label=above right:{$P(x,y)$}] (P) at (60:1)
coordinate[label=below right:$Q$] (Q) at (P|-O)
foreach \xy in {x, y} {foreach \pm in {+, -} {
coordinate (\xy\pm) at (xyz cs: \xy=\pm 1.1)}};
\draw (O) circle [radius=1];
\fill (P) circle [radius=2pt];
\draw[densely dotted] (P) -- (Q) [postaction={dec, bracy}]
node[midway, fill=white, right=2mm] {$y=\sin \phi$};
\draw[densely dotted] (Q) -- (O) [postaction={dec, bracy}]
node[midway, below=2mm] {$x=\cos \phi$};
\draw[decorate, bracy] (O) -- (P) node[midway, above left=1mm] {$1$};
\draw[->] (x-) -- (O) -- (P)
(Q) -- (x+) node[right] {$x$};
\draw[->] (y-) -- (y+) node[above] {$y$};
\pic[draw, blue, ->, pic text=$\phi$, angle radius=7mm] {angle=Q--O--P};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
输出
