☰

多个相连的图像：标记和页面填充

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf cross-referencing
多个相连的图像：标记和页面填充

感谢之前提出的问题如何在 Latex 中用箭头连接图像？

我能够创建一组由箭头连接的图像。但是，我有两个问题：

  • 我如何标记每幅图像（在文中参考图 1.2 或 1.5）
  • 由于某些原因，生成的图像填满了整个页面（视觉上超过半页），或者至少不允许在图像的同一页上显示任何文本。有没有什么办法可以纠正这个问题？

谢谢

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[lablum/.style={label=below:#1,name=img-#1},
marr/.style={line width=1mm,-latex}]
\matrix[column sep=1cm,row sep=5mm] (mat)
{ \node[lablum=1]{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-     duck}};
 & \node[lablum=2]{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck}};\\
\node[lablum=4]{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck}};
& \node[lablum=3]{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck}};\\
\node[lablum=5]{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck}};
& \node[lablum=6]{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck}};\\
};
\draw[marr] (img-1) -- (img-2);
\draw[marr] ([xshift=1mm]img-2.south east) coordinate (aux) 
-- (img-3.north-|aux);
\draw[marr] (img-3) -- (img-4);
\draw[marr] ([xshift=-1mm]img-4.south west) coordinate (aux) 
-- (img-5.north-|aux);
\draw[marr] (img-5) -- (img-6);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A matrix of figures.}
\label{fig:pffft}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

答案1

如果您想坚持使用matrix，您可以简化事情。首先，我会使用选项matrix of nodes（您需要matrix为此加载库），这使得设置矩阵节点的样式变得更加容易。

然后，您可以使用当前计数器自动设置标签figure（并向其添加 1，因为它仅在\caption排版后更新）并将您通过样式提供的参数附加到它lablum。

请注意，已经可以使用特定的节点名称来引用矩阵节点，例如，矩阵左上角的第一个节点是mat-1-1，因此您不需要定义自己的节点名称，但由于您想以牛耕式方式放置子图，我保留了您的方式。

至于您遇到的图形填满整个页面的问题：这可能是由于子图的大小造成的。尝试稍微缩放它们。下面的示例显示，如果可能的话，应该将图形放在带有文本的页面上：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}

\usepackage{lipsum}

\begin{document}

\lipsum[1]

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    lablum/.style={
        label=below:{\pgfmathparse{int(\thefigure+1)}\pgfmathresult.#1},
        name={img-#1},
    },
    marr/.style={
        line width=1mm,
        -latex
    }]
\matrix[matrix of nodes, column sep=1cm, row sep=5mm] (mat)
{ |[lablum=1]| \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  |[lablum=2]| \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} \\
  |[lablum=4]| \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  |[lablum=3]| \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} \\
  |[lablum=5]| \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  |[lablum=6]| \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} \\
};
\draw[marr] (img-1) -- (img-2);
\draw[marr] ([xshift=1mm]img-2.south east) coordinate (aux) 
    -- (img-3.north-|aux);
\draw[marr] (img-3) -- (img-4);
\draw[marr] ([xshift=-1mm]img-4.south west) coordinate (aux) 
    -- (img-5.north-|aux);
\draw[marr] (img-5) -- (img-6);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A matrix of figures.}
\label{fig:pffft}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

你可以让 Ti钾Z/PGF 还可以完全自动为您计算标签（您只需要以某种方式预先告知列数）：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    boustrophedon matrix/.style args={#1/#2}{
        matrix of nodes,
        nodes in empty cells, 
        boustrophedon matrix column count/.initial={#2},
        boustrophedon matrix step cell counter/.code={
            \pgfmathparse{
                mod(\pgfmatrixcurrentrow, 2) == 0 ?
                int(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix column count} * 
                    \pgfmatrixcurrentrow -
                    \pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn + 1) :
                int(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix column count} * 
                    (\pgfmatrixcurrentrow - 1) + 
                    \pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn)
            } 
            \global\pgfkeyslet{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix cell counter}{\pgfmathresult}
        },
        execute at begin cell={
            |[boustrophedon matrix step cell counter, label={below:{
                    \pgfmathparse{int(\thefigure+1)}\pgfmathresult.%
                    \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix cell counter}
                }
            },
            name={#1-index-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix cell counter}}]|
        },
    },
    marr/.style={
        line width=1mm,
        -latex
    }]
\matrix[boustrophedon matrix={matrix one/2}, column sep=1cm, row sep=5mm]{ 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} \\
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} \\
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} \\
};

\draw[marr] (matrix one-index-1) -- (matrix one-index-2);
\draw[marr] (matrix one-index-2.south east) -- (matrix one-index-3.north east);
\draw[marr] (matrix one-index-3) -- (matrix one-index-4);
\draw[marr] (matrix one-index-4.south west) -- (matrix one-index-5.north west);
\draw[marr] (matrix one-index-5) -- (matrix one-index-6);

\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A matrix of figures.}
\label{fig:pffft}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

有三列：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    boustrophedon matrix/.style args={#1/#2}{
        matrix of nodes,
        nodes in empty cells, 
        boustrophedon matrix column count/.initial={#2},
        boustrophedon matrix step cell counter/.code={
            \pgfmathparse{
                mod(\pgfmatrixcurrentrow, 2) == 0 ?
                int(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix column count} * (\pgfmatrixcurrentrow) -
                    \pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn + 1) :
                int(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix column count} * (\pgfmatrixcurrentrow - 1) + 
                    \pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn)
            } 
            \global\pgfkeyslet{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix cell counter}{\pgfmathresult}
        },
        execute at begin cell={
            |[boustrophedon matrix step cell counter, label={below:{
                    \pgfmathparse{int(\thefigure+1)}\pgfmathresult.%
                    \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix cell counter}
                }
            },
            name={#1-index-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix cell counter}}]|
        },
    },
    marr/.style={
        line width=1mm,
        -latex
    }]
\matrix[boustrophedon matrix={matrix two/3}, column sep=1cm, row sep=5mm]{ 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} \\
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} \\
};

\draw[marr] (matrix two-index-1) -- (matrix two-index-2);
\draw[marr] (matrix two-index-2) -- (matrix two-index-3);
\draw[marr] (matrix two-index-3.south east) -- (matrix two-index-4.north east);
\draw[marr] (matrix two-index-4) -- (matrix two-index-5);
\draw[marr] (matrix two-index-5) -- (matrix two-index-6);

\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A matrix of figures.}
\label{fig:pffft}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

使用包进行引用可能更容易subcaption，但您始终可以创建自己的引用计数器（我创建了一个\refsetcounter基于的宏\refstepcounter，但不会增加计数器，而是将其设置为特定值，这在这里很方便）：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}

\newcounter{matrix}
\newcounter{matrixnode}[matrix]
\renewcommand*{\thematrixnode}{\thematrix.\arabic{matrixnode}}

\makeatletter
\newcommand{\refsetcounter}[2]{\setcounter{#1}{#2}%
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel
       {\csname p@#1\endcsname\csname the#1\endcsname}%
}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    boustrophedon matrix/.style args={#1/#2}{
        matrix of nodes,
        nodes in empty cells, 
        boustrophedon matrix column count/.initial={#2},
        boustrophedon matrix step cell counter/.code={
            \pgfmathparse{
                mod(\pgfmatrixcurrentrow, 2) == 0 ?
                int(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix column count} * (\pgfmatrixcurrentrow) -
                    \pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn + 1) :
                int(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix column count} * (\pgfmatrixcurrentrow - 1) + 
                    \pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn)
            } 
            \global\pgfkeyslet{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix cell counter}{\pgfmathresult}
        },
        row 1 column 1/.append style={
            execute at begin cell={
                \refstepcounter{matrix}
            }
        },
        execute at begin cell={
            |[boustrophedon matrix step cell counter, label={below:{
                    \pgfmathparse{int(\thefigure+1)}\pgfmathresult.%
                    \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix cell counter}
                    \refsetcounter{matrixnode}{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix cell counter}}
                    \label{matrixnode:#1-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix cell counter}}
                }
            },
            name={#1-index-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/boustrophedon matrix cell counter}}]|
        },
    },
    marr/.style={
        line width=1mm,
        -latex
    }]
\matrix[boustrophedon matrix={matrix two/3}, column sep=1cm, row sep=5mm]{ 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} \\
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} \\
};

\draw[marr] (matrix two-index-1) -- (matrix two-index-2);
\draw[marr] (matrix two-index-2) -- (matrix two-index-3);
\draw[marr] (matrix two-index-3.south east) -- (matrix two-index-4.north east);
\draw[marr] (matrix two-index-4) -- (matrix two-index-5);
\draw[marr] (matrix two-index-5) -- (matrix two-index-6);

\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A matrix of figures.}
\label{fig:pffft}
\end{figure}

See subfigure \ref{matrixnode:matrix two-1} and \ref{matrixnode:matrix two-4}.

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

实际上，我不太清楚你想要什么。如果你想让标签和标题保持可定制，也许可以这样做：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}

\newcounter{matrix}
\newcounter{matrixnode}[matrix]
\renewcommand*{\thematrixnode}{\thematrix.\arabic{matrixnode}}

\makeatletter
\newcommand{\refsetcounter}[2]{\setcounter{#1}{#2}%
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel
       {\csname p@#1\endcsname\csname the#1\endcsname}%
}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    my custom matrix/.style={
        matrix of nodes, 
        nodes in empty cells, 
        nodes={
            fill=red!10,
            minimum height=3.25cm,
            minimum width=3.25cm,
        },
        every label/.style={
            minimum height=0pt,
        },
        lablum/.style args={##1/##2}{
            label=below:{%
                \pgfmathparse{int(\thefigure+1)}\pgfmathresult.##1: ##2%
                \refsetcounter{matrixnode}{##1}\label{matrixnode:#1-##1}%
            },
            name={#1-index-##1},
        },
        my custom matrix initialise/.code={
            \refstepcounter{matrix}
        },
        my custom matrix initialise
    },
    marr/.style={
        line width=1mm,
        -latex
    }]
\matrix[column sep=1cm, row sep=5mm, my custom matrix={mat}] { 
  |[lablum={1/my caption}]| \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  |[lablum={2/foo}]| \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} \\
  |[lablum={7/bar}]| \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  |[lablum={5/baz}]| \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} & 
  |[lablum={3/foo}]| \includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck} \\
};
\draw[marr] (mat-index-1) -- (mat-index-2);
\draw[marr] (mat-index-3) -- (mat-index-5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A matrix of figures.}
\label{fig:pffft}
\end{figure}

See subfigure \ref{matrixnode:mat-1} and \ref{matrixnode:mat-5}.

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

我添加了一些样式，使矩阵单元格具有相同的大小。为了使这一点更清晰，我为要显示的节点添加了一些颜色，您可以简单地删除它们（通过删除fill=red!10）。

最后，使用该包可能会让事情变得容易得多subcaption，但是，您将无法轻松地自由定位节点（例如从右到左）：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}

\usepackage{subcaption}

\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=simple}
\DeclareCaptionSubType*{figure}
\renewcommand\thesubfigure{\thefigure.\arabic{subfigure}}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    marr/.style={
        line width=1mm,
        -latex
    }]
\matrix[matrix of nodes, column sep=1cm, row sep=5mm] (mat) { 
  \subcaptionbox{foo\label{subfig:1-1}}{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck}} & 
  \subcaptionbox{bar\label{subfig:1-2}}{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck}} \\
  \subcaptionbox{baz\label{subfig:1-3}}{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck}} & 
  \subcaptionbox{foo\label{subfig:1-4}}{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck}} & 
  \subcaptionbox{bar\label{subfig:1-5}}{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-duck}} \\
};
\draw[marr] (mat-1-1) -- (mat-1-2);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A matrix of figures.}
\label{fig:pffft}
\end{figure}

See subfigure \ref{subfig:1-1} and \ref{subfig:1-5}.

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

相关内容