我想用参数化方法为物理书绘制一辆机械马车。这些应该是参数：
#0 name，对象的名称，例如 mywagon
货车的 #1 位置作为坐标，中心位于地面高度下方，例如 (4.5,0)
#2 （可选）质量的宽度，例如 5，默认值为 3
#3 （可选）质量高度，例如 4，默认 2/3*宽度
#4 （可选）wheel：车轮直径，默认 1/5*宽度
#5 (可选) 间隙：质量边缘和车轮之间的间隙，默认为 1/10*车轮
#6（可选）重叠：质量和车轮的重叠，默认 1/3*车轮
tikz 中的调用看起来应该像这样：
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[ground] (0,0) -- (9,0);%ground
\wagoon[name=mywagon, width=5, height=4.2, wheel=1.1, gap=0.6, overlap=0.4] at (4.5,0);
\draw[rope] mywagon-mass.east -- ++(1,0);
\draw[rope] mywagon-mass.west -- ++(-1,0);
\draw[arrow] mywagon-wheel-2.center -- ++(2,0);
\draw[ground] (0,-6) -- (9,-6);%ground
\wagon[name=mywagon2, width=5, very thick, red] at (4.5,-6);%with defaults of other optional parameters and then additional very thick and red
\end{tikzpicture}
货车应由正常节点组成：Ohne 矩形和两个圆圈
在进一步使用过程中，应该可以通过 object.anchor 符号访问图纸中的锚点。这很重要，例如，之后将绳索连接到马车上。
里面的子节点的名字应该是：
<name>-mass 表示质量，例如 mywagon-mass
<name>-wheel-1 和 <name>-wheel-2 表示车轮，例如 mywagon-wheel-1 和 mywagon-wheel-2
其中 <name> 是参数 #0 的值，名为 name
当然，我可以对这辆货车进行非参数化的绘图，但我认为这在这里没有帮助，反而很烦人，因为你可能会在绘图结构上采用我的错误方法。
重要的是，货车的 tikz 代码存储在序言中，以便该代码也可在其他图纸中使用。
\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}%
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\tikzset{
mass/.style={rectangle, draw, thick, fill=gray!25},%
wheel/.style={circle, draw, thick, fill=white}},%
wheelaxle/.style={circle, draw, fill}},%
rope/.style={blue, thick},%
ground/.style={thick},%
arrow/.style={-latex, thick},%
}
% global tikz-code here
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[ground] (0,0) -- (9,0);%ground
%\wagoon[name=mywagon, width=5, height=4.2, wheel=1.1, gap=0.6, overlap=0.4] at (4.5,0);
\draw[rope] mywagon-mass.east -- ++(1,0);
\draw[rope] mywagon-mass.west -- ++(-1,0);
\draw[arrow] mywagon-wheel-2.center -- ++(2,0);
\draw[ground] (0,-6) -- (9,-6);%ground
%\wagoon[name=mywagon2, width=5, very thick, red] at (4.5,-6);%with defaults of other optional parameters and then additional very thick and red
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案1
由于您使用的是节点，因此使用长度而不是无单位值要容易得多，而无单位值就是我在这里使用的。
如果您想要一个只需输入与货车宽度或车轮直径相关的比率的界面……这也是可能的。
的实现\tikzwaggon需要一个[]参数，并且不允许在之后使用at (coordinate)或。(name)]
在 pic 中定义了以下节点waggon：
(<name>-mass)（长方形），(<name>-left wheel)（圆圈），(<name>-right wheel)（圆圈），(<name>-left axle)（圆圈），(<name>-right axle)（圆圈），(<name>-left rope)（坐标）和(<name>-right rope)（协调）
<name>图片的名字是哪里？
代码
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\tikzset{
waggon width/.initial = 3cm,
waggon height/.initial = .6667*(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon width}),
waggon wheel diameter/.initial = .2*(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon width}),
waggon gap/.initial = .1 *(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon wheel diameter}),
waggon overlap/.initial = .3333*(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon wheel diameter}),
waggon rope length/.initial = 1cm,
waggon axle diameter/.initial = +1pt,
waggon/rope/.style=line to,
waggon/axle/.style={
fill, shape=circle, inner sep=+0pt, outer sep=auto,
name=-#1 axle, minimum size=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon axle diameter}},
waggon/mass/.style={
draw, shape=rectangle, inner sep=+0pt, outer sep=auto,
minimum width=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon width},
minimum height=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon height},
at=(up:{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon wheel diameter}
-(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon overlap})}),
anchor=south, name=-mass, node contents=},
waggon/wheel/.style={
draw, shape=circle, inner sep=+0pt, outer sep=auto,
minimum size=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon wheel diameter},
at=(#1:{.5*(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon width})
-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon gap}
-.5*(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon wheel diameter})}),
anchor=south, name=-#1 wheel, label={[waggon/axle=#1]center:},
node contents=},
waggon/.pic={
\tikzset{transform shape}
\node[waggon/mass];
\foreach\t in{left, right} \node[waggon/wheel=\t];
\foreach\t/\tt in{west/left, east/right}
\draw[waggon/rope=\tt] (-mass.\t)
to +(\t:{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/waggon rope length}})
coordinate (-\tt\space rope);},
@waggon/.style={
pic type=waggon,
height/.style={waggon height={##1}},
width/.style={waggon width={##1}},
wheel/.style={waggon wheel diameter={##1}},
gap/.style={waggon gap={##1}},
overlap/.style={waggon overlap={##1}},
axle/.style={waggon axle diameter={##1}}},
}
\def\tikzwaggon#1[{\pic#1[@waggon,}
\begin{document}
\tikz[sloped, column sep=5mm]
\matrix{
\draw (0,0) -- pic(s){waggon} (right:5);
\draw[green, ->] (s-left axle) -- +(right:1cm);
&
\draw (0,0) -- pic[waggon width = 2cm,
waggon height = 1cm,
waggon gap = 3mm,
waggon rope length = 5mm,
waggon/rope/.style={loop ####1},
waggon/mass/.append style={
rounded corners=5mm,
fill=red!50!orange,
label={center:\tiny Wurst on Wheels}},
waggon/wheel/.append style={fill=blue!50}]{waggon} (60:5);
\\};
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzwaggon (s) at (4.5, 0) [gray!50, line width=2mm, axle=5pt];
\foreach \anchor/\placement in {
-mass.west/above, -left rope/below left,
-mass.east/above, -right rope/below right,
-left axle/above, -right axle/above,
-left wheel.south west/left, -right wheel.south east/right}
\draw[shift=(s\anchor)]plot[mark=x]coordinates{(0,0)}
node[inner sep=0pt,outer sep=5pt,\placement]
{\scriptsize\ttfamily(s\anchor)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
输出
答案2
我修复了大部分错误。我选择将参数设为宏。您可以改用 tikz 键或长度寄存器，但宏更简单。定义将局限于 tikzpicture。
默认情况下，节点按中心定位。您可以使用其他锚点，但仍需要计算位置。
\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}%
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, calc}
\tikzset{
mass/.style={rectangle, draw, thick, fill=gray!25},%
wheel/.style={circle, draw, thick, fill=white},%
wheelaxle/.style={circle, draw, fill},%
rope/.style={blue, thick},%
ground/.style={thick},%
arrow/.style={-latex, thick},%
}
% global tikz-code here
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={inner sep=0pt}]
\def\height{4.2cm}% or use \pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\height}{4.2cm}
\def\width{5cm}
\def\wheel{1.1cm}% diameter
\def\gap{0.6cm}
\def\overlap{0.4cm}
\draw[ground] (0,0) -- (9,0);%ground
\node[draw, minimum width={\width}, minimum height={\height}] (mywagoon-mass) at (4.5, 0.5*\height+\overlap) {};
\draw[rope] (mywagoon-mass.east) -- ++(1,0);
\draw[rope] (mywagoon-mass.west) -- ++(-1,0);
\path (mywagoon-mass.south west) ++(\gap+0.5*\wheel, 0.5*\wheel-\overlap) node[wheel, minimum height={\wheel}] (mywagoon-wheel-2) {};
\draw[arrow] (mywagoon-wheel-2.center) -- ++(2,0);
%\draw[ground] (0,-6) -- (9,-6);%ground
%\wagoon[name=mywagoon2, width=5, very thick, red] at (4.5,-6);%with defaults of other optional parameters and then additional very thick and red
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
