我正在准备一门关于摄影的课程，我想添加一些示例来说明镜头如何根据光圈环渲染焦点。因此，我想创建一个显示下图的 TikZ 图形。
具体来说，我只对下面显示的数字感兴趣。所以我想要一个可以修改的 TikZ 图形，看起来像这样：
ft 15 10 7 5
m 5 3 2 1.5
------------------------------------+----+-+-<>-+-+---+--+-----
16 8 4 4 8 16
16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4
您能就如何创建它提供任何建议吗？
答案1
尽管您没有展示任何内容，但您在这里尝试了一个解决方案：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage[sfdefault,condensed]{roboto}
% #1: x coordinate of bottom middle, #2: y coordinate of bottom middle
\newcommand{\dofcentermark}[2]{
\draw[fill=white] (#1,#2) -- (#1-0.125,#2+0.28) -- (#1,#2+0.56) -- (#1+0.125,#2+0.28) -- cycle;
}
% #1: x coordinate of dof mark, #2: y coordinate of dof mark, #3 dof mark text
\newcommand{\dofrangemark}[3]{
\ifthenelse{\equal{#3}{}}
{\node (DOF_range) at (#1,#2) {\phantom{1}};}
{\node (DOF_range) at (#1,#2) {#3};}
\draw[-] (DOF_range) -- ++(0,0.45);
}
% #1: move whole display in x direction, #2: move window content in x direction
\newcommand{\distancenodes}[2][0]{
\node (ft) at (-2.8+#1,2) {ft};
\node (m) at (-2.8+#1,1.5) {m};
\begin{scope}
% clipping window
\clip[draw](-2.5+#1,1.2) rectangle (2.5+#1,2.4);
% ft
\node (15ft) at (-2.15+#1+#2,2) {15};
\node (10ft) at (-1.5+#1+#2,2) {10};
\node (7ft) at (-0.2+#1+#2,2) {7};
\node (5ft) at (1.7+#1+#2,2) {5};
% m
\node (5m) at (-2.3+#1+#2,1.5) {5};
\node (3m) at (-1.45+#1+#2,1.5) {3};
\node (2m) at (0+#1+#2,1.5) {2};
\node (1.5m) at (1.8+#1+#2,1.5) {1.5};
\end{scope}
\dofrangemark{-2+#1}{0.75}{16}
\dofrangemark{-1.3+#1}{0.75}{}
\dofrangemark{-0.85+#1}{0.75}{8}
\dofrangemark{-0.58+#1}{0.75}{}
\dofrangemark{-0.4+#1}{0.75}{4}
\dofcentermark{#1}{0.6}
\dofrangemark{0.4+#1}{0.75}{4}
\dofrangemark{0.58+#1}{0.75}{}
\dofrangemark{0.85+#1}{0.75}{8}
\dofrangemark{1.3+#1}{0.75}{}
\dofrangemark{2+#1}{0.75}{16}
}
% #1: x shift of aperture ring
\newcommand{\aperturenodes}[1][0]{
\node (f16) at (0+#1,0) {16};
\node (f11) at (1+#1,0) {11};
\node (f8) at (2+#1,0) {8};
\node (f5.6) at (3+#1,0) {5.6};
\node (f4) at (4+#1,0) {4};
\node (f2.8) at (5+#1,0) {2.8};
\node (f2) at (6+#1,0) {2};
\node (f1.4) at (7+#1,0) {1.4};
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
%\draw[fill] (0,-1) rectangle (14,3.5); % if you uncomment these two parts it will become white on black background
\begin{scope}%[color=white] % if you uncomment these two parts it will become white on black background
\distancenodes[9]{0}
\aperturenodes[2]
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
编辑：添加更好的字体
编辑：现在实现了正确计算 DOF 窗口编号的间距，并可轻松选择 f 档和对焦距离以创建图像 编辑：现在实现了正确计算 DOF 窗口编号的间距，并可轻松选择 f 档和对焦距离以创建图像
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage{xfp}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage[sfdefault,condensed]{roboto}
\definecolor{almost-black}{gray}{0.1}
\definecolor{dark-gray}{gray}{0.2}
\definecolor{middle-gray}{gray}{0.5}
\definecolor{light-gray}{gray}{0.7}
% #1: x coordinate of bottom middle, #2: y coordinate of bottom middle
\newcommand{\dofcentermark}[2]{
\draw[fill=white] (#1,#2) -- (#1-0.125,#2+0.28) -- (#1,#2+0.56) -- (#1+0.125,#2+0.28) -- cycle;
}
\newcommand{\dofrangedisplaytext}{}
% #1: x coordinate of dof mark, #2: y coordinate of dof mark, #3 dof mark text
\newcommand{\dofrangemark}[3]{
\ifthenelse{\equal{#3}{}}
{\renewcommand{\dofrangedisplaytext}{\phantom{1}}}
{\renewcommand{\dofrangedisplaytext}{#3}}
\node (DOF_range) at (#1,#2) {\dofrangedisplaytext};
\draw[-] (DOF_range) -- ++(0,0.45);
}
\newcommand{\meterinfeet}[1]{\fpeval{3.28*#1}}
\newcommand{\feetinmeter}[1]{\fpeval{0.3048*#1}}
\newcommand{\dofdistancescalingfactor}{8.01}
% #1: x-offset, #2: y-offset
\newcommand{\dofdistancenodeinfty}[2]{
\node (infty) at (#1+\fpeval{\dofdistancescalingfactor/999}, #2) {$\infty$};
}
% #1: x-offset, #2: y-offset, #3: dof-distance in meter
\newcommand{\dofdistancenodemeter}[3]{
\node (#3m) at (#1+\fpeval{\dofdistancescalingfactor/#3}, #2) {#3};
}
% #1: x-offset, #2: y-offset, #3: dof-distance in feet
\newcommand{\dofdistancenodefeet}[3]{
\node[color=yellow] (#3m) at (#1+\fpeval{\dofdistancescalingfactor/\feetinmeter{#3}}, #2) {#3};
}
\newcommand{\dofwindowxoffset}{}
\newcommand{\dofwindowyoffsetmeter}{1.5}
\newcommand{\dofwindowyoffsetfeet}{1.9}
\newcommand{\dofwindowyoffsetmarks}{0.85}
\newcommand{\fstopringyoffset}{0.3}
% #1: move whole display in x direction, #2: move window content to x m
\newcommand{\distancenodes}[2][0]{
% meter and feet text
\node[color=yellow] (ft) at (-2.8+#1, \dofwindowyoffsetfeet) {ft};
\node (m) at (-2.8+#1, \dofwindowyoffsetmeter) {m};
\renewcommand{\dofwindowxoffset}{#1+#2-4}
\begin{scope}
% clipping window
\clip[draw](-2.5+#1,1.3) rectangle (2.5+#1,2.15);
% ft labels
\dofdistancenodefeet{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetfeet}{60}
\dofdistancenodefeet{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetfeet}{25}
\dofdistancenodefeet{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetfeet}{15}
\dofdistancenodefeet{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetfeet}{10}
\dofdistancenodefeet{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetfeet}{7}
\dofdistancenodefeet{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetfeet}{5}
\dofdistancenodefeet{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetfeet}{4}
\dofdistancenodefeet{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetfeet}{3} \dofdistancenodefeet{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetfeet}{2.5}
% infinity label
\dofdistancenodeinfty{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetmeter}
% meter labels
\dofdistancenodemeter{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetmeter}{15}
\dofdistancenodemeter{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetmeter}{7}
\dofdistancenodemeter{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetmeter}{5}
\dofdistancenodemeter{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetmeter}{3}
\dofdistancenodemeter{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetmeter}{2}
\dofdistancenodemeter{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetmeter}{1.5}
\dofdistancenodemeter{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetmeter}{1.2}
\dofdistancenodemeter{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetmeter}{1}
\dofdistancenodemeter{\dofwindowxoffset}{\dofwindowyoffsetmeter}{0.8}
% shadow
\draw[draw=none,rectangle, left color=black, right color=dark-gray, anchor=south west, opacity=0.5] (-2.5+#1,1.3) rectangle (-2.4+#1,2.15);
\draw[draw=none,rectangle, right color=black, left color=dark-gray, anchor=south west, opacity=0.5] (2.5+#1,1.3) rectangle (2.4+#1,2.15);
\draw[color=light-gray] (-2.5+#1,1.3) rectangle (2.5+#1,2.15);
\end{scope}
% top border
\draw[fill, color=light-gray] (0,2.15) rectangle ++(#1+3.5,0.15);
\draw[fill, color=almost-black] (0,2.15) rectangle ++(#1+3.5,0.03);
% rifling
\foreach \x in {0,0.28,...,20}
\draw[fill, color=middle-gray] (0+\x,2.35) rectangle ++(0.1,0.3);
\dofrangemark{-\dofwindowxposition{\dofmaxfm{16}{2}}+#1}{\dofwindowyoffsetmarks}{16}
\dofrangemark{-\dofwindowxposition{\dofmaxfm{11}{2}}+#1}{\dofwindowyoffsetmarks}{}
\dofrangemark{-\dofwindowxposition{\dofmaxfm{8}{2}}+#1}{\dofwindowyoffsetmarks}{8}
\dofrangemark{-\dofwindowxposition{\dofmaxfm{5.6}{2}}+#1}{\dofwindowyoffsetmarks}{}
\dofrangemark{-\dofwindowxposition{\dofmaxfm{4}{2}}+#1}{\dofwindowyoffsetmarks}{4}
\dofcentermark{#1}{\dofwindowyoffsetmarks-0.15}
\dofrangemark{-\dofwindowxposition{\dofminfm{4}{2}}+#1}{\dofwindowyoffsetmarks}{4}
\dofrangemark{-\dofwindowxposition{\dofminfm{5.6}{2}}+#1}{\dofwindowyoffsetmarks}{}
\dofrangemark{-\dofwindowxposition{\dofminfm{8}{2}}+#1}{\dofwindowyoffsetmarks}{8}
\dofrangemark{-\dofwindowxposition{\dofminfm{11}{2}}+#1}{\dofwindowyoffsetmarks}{}
\dofrangemark{-\dofwindowxposition{\dofminfm{16}{2}}+#1}{\dofwindowyoffsetmarks}{16}
}
% #1: f-stop, #2: focal distance
\newcommand{\dofmaxfm}[2]{\fpeval{round(#2*\focallength^2/(\focallength^2-#1*\circleofconfusion*(#2-\focallength)),2)}}
% #1: f-stop, #2: focal distance
\newcommand{\dofminfm}[2]{\fpeval{round(#2*\focallength^2/(\focallength^2+#1*\circleofconfusion*(#2-\focallength)),2)}}
% #1: x shift of aperture ring
\newcommand{\aperturenodes}[1][0]{
% right rifling
\foreach \x in {0,0.28,...,2.5}
\draw[fill, color=middle-gray] (#1+\x,\fstopringyoffset-0.28) rectangle ++(0.1,0.58);
% left rifling
\foreach \x in {0,-0.28,...,-6}
\draw[fill, color=middle-gray] (#1-9+\x,\fstopringyoffset-0.28) rectangle ++(0.1,0.58);
% top line
\draw[fill, color=almost-black] (0,\fstopringyoffset+0.3) rectangle ++(#1+3.5,0.03);
% aperture text
\node (f16) at (#1-8,\fstopringyoffset) {16};
\node (f11) at (#1-7,\fstopringyoffset) {11};
\node (f8) at (#1-6,\fstopringyoffset) {8};
\node (f5.6) at (#1-5,\fstopringyoffset) {5.6};
\node (f4) at (#1-4,\fstopringyoffset) {4};
\node (f2.8) at (#1-3,\fstopringyoffset) {2.8};
\node (f2) at (#1-2,\fstopringyoffset) {2};
\node (f1.4) at (#1-1,\fstopringyoffset) {1.4};
% bottom line
\draw[fill, color=almost-black] (0,\fstopringyoffset-0.28) rectangle ++(#1+3.5,0.03);
}
\newcommand{\dofwindowxposition}[1]{
\fpeval{\dofdistancescalingfactor/2-\dofdistancescalingfactor/#1}
}
\newcommand{\clipfill}[2]{
\draw[draw=none,color=#1, fill] #2;
\clip #2;
}
% #2: f-stop, #3: distance in m
\newcommand{\dofscalefm}[3][8]{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[color=white]
\clipfill{dark-gray}{(0,0) rectangle ++(#1+3.5,2.34)}
\distancenodes[#1]{\dofwindowxposition{#3}}
\aperturenodes[#1+\fpeval{round(ln(#2^2)/ln(2))}]
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\newcommand{\circleofconfusion}{0.000035}
\newcommand{\focallength}{0.05}
\begin{document}
\verb|\dofscalefm[4.5]{1.4}{2}|
\dofscalefm[4.5]{1.4}{2}
\\
\verb|\dofscalefm{2}{\feetinmeter{15}}|
\dofscalefm{2}{\feetinmeter{15}}
\\
\verb|\dofscalefm{11}{\feetinmeter{3}}|
\dofscalefm{11}{\feetinmeter{3}}
\\
\verb|\dofscalefm[4]{11}{1} |
\dofscalefm[4]{11}{1}
\end{document}
