表格很长且不居中，并且脚注未放置在表格末尾。
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{graphicx} % Required for inserting images
\usepackage{setspace}% for\doublespacing
\usepackage{indentfirst}% for indent the first line
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{textalpha}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % <-- new
\usepackage{xltabular}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{caption}
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2212}{-}%new
\begin{document}
\section{Baseline behavioral measurements}
\begin{table}[ht]
\centering
\caption{Baseline behavioral measurements}
\begin{tabular}[t]{llllllll}
\hline
& & & & Baseline Locomotion (cm) & & &\\
ST & df & F - value & pη2 &P - value& & M \textpm StD& N\\
\hline
SD & 1 & 0.027 &0.000 & 0.870& control & 1100 ± 237 &24 \\
& & & & & SD & 1108 ± 193 & 54 \\
PhA & 1& 8.291**& 0.101& 0.005& PhA- & 1163 ± 188 &39\\
& & & & & PhA+ & 1047 ± 209& 39\\
SD \texttimes PhA& 1& 1.713& 0.023& 0.195 & & & \\
Error & 74& & & & & & \\
\hline
LT & df & F - value & pη2 &P - value& & M \textpm StD & N\\
\hline
SD & 1& 1.109& 0.015& 0.296& Control &1405 ± 225& 23\\
& & & & & SD & 1461 ± 223& 54\\
PhA & 1& 25.147**& 0.256& 0.000& PhA- & 1564 ± 189 & 38\\
& & & & &PhA+ & 1327 ± 194 & 39\\
SD \texttimes PhA & 1& 0.071& 0.001& 0.790 & & &\\
Error& 73 & & & & & & \\
\hline
& & & & Baseline SIR & & & \\
ST & df & F - value & pη2 &P - value& & M \textpm StD& N\\
\hline
SD & 1& 0.194 &0.003& 0.661 &Control & 117.16 ± 38.1 & 24\\
& & & & & SD & 122.07 ± 58.5& 51\\
PhA & 1& 2.280& 0.031& 0.136& PhA- & 131.74 ± 52.99& 36\\
& & & & & PhA+ & 110.12 ± 50.07& 39\\
SD\texttimes PhA& 1& 669.481& 0.003& 0.621 & & & \\
Error & 71& & & & & & \\
\hline
LT& df & F - value & pη2 &p - value & & M ± StD & N\\
\hline
SD& 1& 0.301& 0.005& 0.585& Control& 136.81 ± 41.13& 23\\
& & & & & SD & 131.59 ± 40.44& 45\\
PhA & 1& 1.896& 0.029& 0.173& PhA- & 140.12 ± 45.8 & 34\\
& & & & & PhA+& 126.58 ± 33.6& 34\\
SD\texttimes PhA & 1& 0.038& 0.001& 0.846 & & & \\
Error& 64 & & & & & & \\
\hline
& & & & Baseline Sociability score & & & \\
ST & df & F - value & pη2 &P - value& & M \textpm StD& N\\
\hline
SD & 1& 0.643 &0.009& 0.425& Control &0.36 ± 0.09 & 24\\
& & & & & SD & 0.38 ± 0.08 & 54\\
PhA & 1& 0.981& 0.013 &0.325& PhA- & 0.38 ± 0.07 & 39\\
& & & & &PhA+ & 0.36 ± 0.09 & 39\\
SD\texttimes PhA & 1& 0 &0 &0.882 & & & \\
Error& 74& & & & & & \\
\hline
LT& df & F - value & pη2 &p - value & & M ± StD & N\\
\hline
SD & 1& 0 &0& 0.984& Control & 0.35 ± 0.07 & 23\\
& & & & & SD & 0.35 ± 0.06 & 53\\
PhA & 1& 7.119**& 0.09& 0.009& PhA- & 0.34 ± 0.06 & 37\\
& & & & & PhA+& 0.37 ± 0.06 & 39\\
SD\texttimes PhA & 1& 1.682& 0.023 &0.199 & & & \\
Error& 72& & & & & & \\
\hline
LT& df & F - value & pη2 &p - value & & M ± StD & N\\
\hline
\label{table:7}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}%
% This is footnote
\begin{minipage}{10cm}
\small Note:
\textit{p} < .05 = *, \textit{p} < .01 = **
\end{minipage}
\end{document}
答案1
对于长表格，您应该使用longtable，以允许它们跨页。
为了避免“基线...”标题增加列宽，您可以使用例如\multicolumn将它们放置在所有列的中央。
我还建议使用booktabs规则之上/之下的更多空间。
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}% should not be needed
\usepackage{graphicx} % Not used in the example!
\usepackage{setspace}% Not used in the example!
\usepackage{indentfirst}% for indent the first line
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{textalpha}
\usepackage{ragged2e}% Not used in the example!
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % <-- new
\usepackage{xltabular}% Not used in the example!
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{caption}
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2212}{-}%new
\usepackage{booktabs}
\begin{document}
\section{Baseline behavioral measurements}
\begin{longtable}{llllllll}
\caption{Baseline behavioral measurements}\label{table:7}\\
\endfirsthead
\caption[]{Baseline behavioral measurements \emph{(continued)}}\\
\endhead
\toprule
\multicolumn{8}{c}{Baseline Locomotion (cm)}\\
ST & df & F - value & pη2 &P - value& & M \textpm StD& N\\
\midrule
SD & 1 & 0.027 &0.000 & 0.870& control & 1100 ± 237 &24 \\
& & & & & SD & 1108 ± 193 & 54 \\
PhA & 1& 8.291**& 0.101& 0.005& PhA- & 1163 ± 188 &39\\
& & & & & PhA+ & 1047 ± 209& 39\\
SD \texttimes PhA& 1& 1.713& 0.023& 0.195 & & & \\*
Error & 74& & & & & & \\
\midrule
LT & df & F - value & pη2 &P - value& & M \textpm StD & N\\
\midrule
SD & 1& 1.109& 0.015& 0.296& Control &1405 ± 225& 23\\
& & & & & SD & 1461 ± 223& 54\\
PhA & 1& 25.147**& 0.256& 0.000& PhA- & 1564 ± 189 & 38\\
& & & & &PhA+ & 1327 ± 194 & 39\\
SD \texttimes PhA & 1& 0.071& 0.001& 0.790 & & &\\*
Error& 73 & & & & & & \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{8}{c}{Baseline SIR}\\*
ST & df & F - value & pη2 &P - value& & M \textpm StD& N\\*
\midrule
SD & 1& 0.194 &0.003& 0.661 &Control & 117.16 ± 38.1 & 24\\
& & & & & SD & 122.07 ± 58.5& 51\\
PhA & 1& 2.280& 0.031& 0.136& PhA- & 131.74 ± 52.99& 36\\
& & & & & PhA+ & 110.12 ± 50.07& 39\\
SD\texttimes PhA& 1& 669.481& 0.003& 0.621 & & & \\*
Error & 71& & & & & & \\
\midrule
LT& df & F - value & pη2 &p - value & & M ± StD & N\\
\midrule
SD& 1& 0.301& 0.005& 0.585& Control& 136.81 ± 41.13& 23\\
& & & & & SD & 131.59 ± 40.44& 45\\
PhA & 1& 1.896& 0.029& 0.173& PhA- & 140.12 ± 45.8 & 34\\
& & & & & PhA+& 126.58 ± 33.6& 34\\
SD\texttimes PhA & 1& 0.038& 0.001& 0.846 & & & \\
Error& 64 & & & & & & \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{8}{c}{Baseline Sociability score}\\*
ST & df & F - value & pη2 &P - value& & M \textpm StD& N\\*
\midrule
SD & 1& 0.643 &0.009& 0.425& Control &0.36 ± 0.09 & 24\\
& & & & & SD & 0.38 ± 0.08 & 54\\
PhA & 1& 0.981& 0.013 &0.325& PhA- & 0.38 ± 0.07 & 39\\
& & & & &PhA+ & 0.36 ± 0.09 & 39\\
SD\texttimes PhA & 1& 0 &0 &0.882 & & & \\*
Error& 74& & & & & & \\
\midrule
LT& df & F - value & pη2 &p - value & & M ± StD & N\\
\midrule
SD & 1& 0 &0& 0.984& Control & 0.35 ± 0.07 & 23\\
& & & & & SD & 0.35 ± 0.06 & 53\\
PhA & 1& 7.119**& 0.09& 0.009& PhA- & 0.34 ± 0.06 & 37\\
& & & & & PhA+& 0.37 ± 0.06 & 39\\
SD\texttimes PhA & 1& 1.682& 0.023 &0.199 & & & \\*
Error& 72& & & & & & \\
\midrule
LT& df & F - value & pη2 &p - value & & M ± StD & N\\
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}
% This is footnote
\begin{minipage}{10cm}
\small Note:
\textit{p} < .05 = *, \textit{p} < .01 = **
\end{minipage}
\end{document}
其他更改（例如使用）siunitx也可能有意义。但我已尝试将更改减少到最低限度。不过，我还建议考虑将长表拆分为几个较小的（子）表。甚至使用包也subcaption可能有意义。但我无法决定这一点。