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框图中的箭头问题

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框图中的箭头问题

我正在尝试创建一个框图，但在放置箭头方面遇到了挑战。此外，我不确定如何合并这个触发块。有人能帮我用 \arrows 绘制这个吗？

我要这个： 在此处输入图片描述

我拥有的

\documentclass[border=0.2cm]{standalone}
 
% More defined colors
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
 
% Required package
\usepackage{tikz}

\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,backgrounds,patterns,fadings,matrix,arrows,calc,
    intersections,decorations.markings,
    positioning,external,arrows.meta}
\tikzset{
    block/.style = {draw, rectangle,
        minimum height=1cm,
        minimum width=2cm},
    input/.style = {coordinate,node distance=1cm},
    output/.style = {coordinate,node distance=6cm},
    arrow/.style={draw, -latex,node distance=2cm},
    pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={latex-, black,node distance=2cm}},
    sum/.style = {draw, circle, node distance=1cm},
}
 
 
\begin{document}

    \begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=0.5cm,>=latex', scale=0.8, transform shape] 
    \node [input, name=input] {};
    \node [sum, right=1.5cm of input, line width=0.25mm,] (sum) {};
    
    \node [draw=black,
    minimum width=2cm,
    minimum height=1.2cm,
    right=1.5cm of sum]   (1) {1};
    \node [draw=black,
    minimum width=2cm,
    minimum height=1.2cm,
    right=1.5cm of 1]  (2) {2};        
    
    \node [draw=black,
    minimum width=2cm,
    minimum height=1.2cm,
    right=1.5cm of 2]  (3){2};    

    \node [draw=black,
    minimum width=2cm,
    minimum height=1.2cm,
    above right =1cm and -0.5cm of 1]  (4){4};   

    \node [draw=black,
    minimum width=2cm,
    minimum height=1.2cm,
    right =1.3cm of 4]  (6){6};   

    \node [draw=black,
    minimum width=2cm,
    minimum height=1.2cm,
    above = 1cm of 3]  (5){};   

    \node [minimum width=1mm,
    line width=0.25mm,
    minimum height=1.4cm, output, right=1 cm of 3] (y) {};

    \draw [draw,->, line width=0.25mm] (input) -- node {r} (sum);
    \draw [->,line width=0.25mm] (sum) -- (1);
    \draw [->,line width=0.25mm] (1) -- (2);
    \draw [->,line width=0.25mm] (2) -- (3);
    \draw [line width=0.25mm] (3) --  (y);
    \draw [->,line width=0.25mm] (6.west) --(4.east);
    \draw [->, line width=0.25mm] (y) -- ++ (0,-1.5) -| node [pos=0.98, right] {$-$} (sum.south);
    \draw[line width=0.25mm,->] (4.south) -- ++ (0,-0.5) -|   (1.north); 
    
    \draw[line width=0.25mm,->] (4.south)+(0,-0.5) -|  (2.north west); 
    \draw [->,line width=0.25mm] (y)  |- node [pos=0.98, left] {} (5.east);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案1

这是一种从您的代码开始并对其进行一些修改以提高清晰度的方法，可以介绍您错过的大部分内容。一些备注：

tikzlibraries + tikzset

此图表不需要大多数内容。我没有检查该\tikzset语句，它可能重复后面的内容。

拥有自己的风格

我将多余的\node和格式移到\draw了开头，分别称为blk和ln。这在大多数情况下使代码更易于阅读（重构）。

指定边框锚点

如果N是节点名称，则极“坐标”N.20位于节点形状（恰好是矩形）上，距节点中心测量 +20 度。

这样，您就可以沿着形状“移动”箭头。

因为你使用数字作为节点名称，2.130看起来5.-20很奇特，但仍然是边界锚点。例如，它不是2.130mm。请参阅最近的讨论和 pgfmanual 链接。

我把这些线条涂成红色，以便更清楚地看到它们。

缺少连接器（橙色）

非常简单，定义曲流的中间节点，结合您的方法和极坐标符号中的边界锚点。

节点 5 内的“图像”

我建议将内部绘制为\pic，并用其替换所述节点\pic，请参阅在 pfgmanual 中。然后，您就可以更清楚地区分该块的内部结构和外部连接。在我看来，绘制草图毫无用处（在这种情况下，作为一名电子工程师）。

结果

\documentclass[border=0.2cm]{standalone}
 
% More defined colors
%\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}% <<< not needed here
 
% Required package
\usepackage{tikz}

%\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,backgrounds,patterns,fadings,matrix,arrows,calc,
%    intersections,decorations.markings,
%    positioning,external,arrows.meta}% <<< not needed here

\usetikzlibrary{arrows,positioning,arrows.meta}
% ... leave uncehcked as is ...............
\tikzset{
    block/.style = {draw, rectangle,
        minimum height=1cm,
        minimum width=2cm},
    input/.style = {coordinate,node distance=1cm},
    output/.style = {coordinate,node distance=6cm},
    arrow/.style={draw, -latex,node distance=2cm},
    pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={latex-, black,node distance=2cm}},
    sum/.style = {draw, circle, node distance=1cm},
}% ???
 
 
\begin{document}

    \begin{tikzpicture}[% moving blk and ln here
        auto, 
        node distance=0.5cm,
        >=latex', 
        scale=0.8, 
        transform shape,
        blk/.style={draw=black,
                    minimum width=2cm,
                    minimum height=1.2cm},
        ln/.style={line width=0.25mm},
        ]
    % ~~~ blocks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    \node [input, name=input] {};
    \node [sum, right=1.5cm of input, line width=0.25mm,] (sum) {};
    
    \node [blk,right=1.5cm of sum]      (1) {1};
    \node [blk,right=1.5cm of 1]        (2) {2};          
    \node [blk,right=1.5cm of 2]        (3) {3?};    

    \node [blk, above right =1cm 
                and -0.5cm of 1]        (4){4};   

    \node [blk, right =1.3cm of 4]      (6){6};   
    \node [blk,above = 1cm of 3]        (5){(5)};   % <<<

    % ~~~ sum at input ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    \node [minimum width=1mm,
    line width=0.25mm,
    minimum height=1.4cm, output, right=1 cm of 3] (y) {};

    %~~~ connectors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    \draw [->,ln]   (input) -- node {r} (sum);
    \draw [->,ln]   (sum) -- (1);
    \draw [->,ln]   (1) -- (2);
    \draw [->,ln]   (2) -- (3);
    \draw [ln]      (3) --  (y);
    \draw [->,ln]   (6.west) --(4.east);
    \draw [->,ln]   (y) -- ++ (0,-1.5) -| node [pos=0.98, right] {$-$} (sum.south);
    
    \draw[->,ln] (4.south) -- ++ (0,-0.5) -|   (1.north); 
    
    \draw[->,ln,red] (4.south)+(0,-0.5) -|  (2.130); % <<<
    \draw [->,ln,red] (y)  |- node [pos=0.98, left] {} (5.20);% <<<
    
    % ~~~ new lines ~~~
    \draw[->,ln,orange] (2.east) -- ++(.5,0) |- ++(0,.9) -- ++(3.5,0) |- (5.-20);
    \draw[->,ln,orange] (2.50) |-++(3,.6) -- (5.south);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案2

  • 作为起点，我使用了我的附录中经过修改的代码回答。
  • 由于我不清楚块中的开关结构sensor3，因此开关按我的观点绘制，因为它具有逻辑结构。
  • 所有代码变化（与启动 MWE 相比）都是市场变化。
\documentclass[border=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                calc, chains,
                ext.paths.ortho,    % defined in the tikz-ext package,
                                    % https://ctan.org/pkg/tikz-ext?lang=en
                positioning,
                quotes}
\tikzset{
    node distance = 8mm and 6mm,
      start chain = A going right,
       arr/.style = {-Straight Barb},
       Car/.style = {-{Circle[open]}},   % new
     block/.style = {draw, thick, minimum height=11mm, minimum width=22mm},
       dot/.style = {suspend join,
                     circle, draw, fill, inner sep=1.2pt, node contents={}},         
       sum/.style = {circle, draw, thick, inner sep=2pt, node contents={\huge +}}   
        }
\makeatletter
\tikzset{suspend join/.code={\def\tikz@after@path{}}}  
\makeatother
\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
% main branch
    \begin{scope}[nodes = {on chain=A, join=by arr}]
\coordinate (in);
\node[sum];                             % A-2
\node[block]    {$A(s)$};
\node[block]    {$B(s)$};
\node[block]    {$C(s)$};
\node[dot, join=by -];    
\node[block]    {$D(s)$};
\node[dot, join=by -];                  % A-7,
\coordinate (out);
    \end{scope}
    \path[draw=none]   (A-8) to["$x$"] (out);
% top branch
\node [block, above=of A-4]  (sensor1) {$E(s)$};
\node [block, above=of A-5]  (sensor2) {$F(s)$};
\node [block, above=of A-7]  (sensor3) {};

% switch    (NEW)
\coordinate (s-out) at ([xshift=-2mm] sensor3.center);              % <---
\coordinate[right=2mm] (s-in1) at ([yshift=+2mm] sensor3.center);   % <---
\coordinate[right=2mm] (s-in2) at ([yshift=-2mm] sensor3.center);   % <---
\coordinate (s-in1a) at (s-in1 -| sensor3.east);                    % <---
\coordinate (s-in2a) at (s-in2 -| sensor3.east);;                   % <---
%
\draw[Car]  (sensor3.west) -- (s-out);                              % <---
\draw[Car]  (s-in1a) -- (s-in1);                                    % <---
\draw[Car]  (s-in2a) -- (s-in2);                                    % <---
%
\draw[thick]    (s-out) -- (s-in1);                                 % <---
\draw[dashed]   (s-in1 -| sensor3.south) -- (sensor3.south);        % <---

% arrows not considered in the join macro
\draw[arr]  (sensor3) edge (sensor2)
            (sensor2) edge (sensor1);

\draw[arr]  ([xshift=-3mm] sensor1.south) |-| (A-3);
\draw[arr]  ([xshift=+3mm] sensor1.south) |-| ([xshift=-3mm] A-5.north);
\draw[arr]  ([xshift=+3mm] A-5.north) |-| (sensor3);    
\draw[arr]  (A-6) |- ([yshift=-6mm] sensor3.south)
                                r-rl    (s-in2a);   % changes
\draw[arr]  (A-8) |- (s-in1a);                      % changes

\draw[->]   (A-8) r-du (A-2);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

  • 这就是你所追求的吗？
  • 如果不是，请澄清您的问题！

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