我的文档中有多个长度不等的表格，加起来占用了大量空间。因此，我决定通过在环境\small启动之前tabular（环境内部table）和\caption命令之后使用命令来减小每个表中文本的大小，如第一个代码片段所示。
标准表：
\documentclass[draft, 12pt, a4paper, twoside, english]{book}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1]
\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\caption{Standard table example.}
\vspace{0.5cm}
\small
\begin{tabular}{lllr}
\toprule
\multirow{2}{4em}{\slshape{Book}} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\slshape{Timespan}} & \multirow{2}{4em}{\slshape{Pages}} \\
\cmidrule{2-3}
& \slshape{Start} & \slshape{End} & \\
\midrule
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:st_example}
\end{table}
\lipsum[1]
\end{document}
然而，相同的解决方案似乎在该环境中不可能实现longtable，例如如下表所示。
表使用longtable环境
\documentclass[draft, 12pt, a4paper, twoside, english]{book}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1]
\begin{longtable}{lllr}
\caption{Longtable example.} \\
\label{tab:lt_example} \\
\toprule
\multirow{2}{4em}{\slshape{Book}} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\slshape{Timespan}} & \multirow{2}{4em}{\slshape{Pages}} \\
\cmidrule{2-3}
& \slshape{Start} & \slshape{End} & \\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\multicolumn{4}{c}{{\tablename\thetable{}\itshape ... continues from the previous page}} \\
\midrule
\multirow{2}{4em}{\slshape{Book}} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\slshape{Timespan}} & \multirow{2}{4em}{\slshape{Pages}} \\
\cmidrule{2-3}
& \slshape{Start} & \slshape{End} & \\
\midrule
\endhead
\midrule
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\itshape continues on the next page ...} \\
\endfoot
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
001 & October 1884 & March 1896 & 530 \\
002 & March 1896 & January 1901 & 489 \\
003 & January 1901 & July 1911 & 501 \\
004 & July 1911 & April 1923 & 475 \\
005 & April 1923 & December 1947 & 526 \\
\end{longtable}
\lipsum[1]
\end{document}
我在网上搜索了各种建议，但没有一个适合我的情况。主要问题是我无法缩放字体而不缩放表格的标题。
2016 年，该软件包的作者longtable在回复另一位用户时写道：
对表格应用缩放总是令人生疑，所以实际上，longtable 的一个优点就是它根本不起作用。只需在表格前加上 \small 或 \tiny 或您需要的任何大小即可。– David Carlisle 2016 年 5 月 18 日 链接到主题
但是，通过将调整大小命令放在环境之前，标题不可避免地会发生改变。
是否有能力在第二个表中达到第一个表中所示的相同结果？（可能以一种稳健的方式）
提前致谢。
附言：我的表格样式可能还有待改进，欢迎提出任何建议！谢谢！
答案1
正如@JohnKormylo 在评论中建议的那样，您可以\small通过发出适当位置的指令来抵消对标题内容的影响\normalsize。为了实现这个想法，我建议您（a）caption在序言中加载包，（b）发出指令
\begingroup
\small % or '\tiny', or whatever
\captionsetup{font=normalsize}
\begin{longtable}（c）发出指令前
\endgroup
紧接着。这样，和指令\end{longtable}的范围就仅限于所讨论的 。\small\captionsetup{font=normalsize}longtable
还请注意，\slshape是一个开关——类似于\itshape、\bfseries和\small——因此不是采用括号分隔的参数。写为{\slshape Hello World}或\textsl{Hello World}。
\documentclass[draft, 12pt, a4paper, twoside, english]{book}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{caption} % for \captionsetup directive
\usepackage{lipsum} % filler text
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1][1-6]
\begingroup % limit the scope of the next two instructions
\small
\captionsetup{font=normalsize}
\begin{longtable}{@{} lrrc @{}}
\caption{Longtable example.}
\label{tab:lt_example} \\
\toprule
\slshape Book
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{\slshape Timespan}
& \slshape pp. \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-3}
& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\slshape Start}
& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\slshape End} & \\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\multicolumn{4}{@{}l}{\tablename~\thetable, continued} \\[0.75ex]
\toprule
\slshape Book
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{\slshape Timespan}
& \slshape pp. \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-3}
& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\slshape Start}
& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\slshape End} & \\
\midrule
\endhead
\midrule
\multicolumn{4}{r@{}}{\itshape continues on next page} \\
\endfoot
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
001 & Oct 1884 & Mar 1896 & 530 \\
002 & Mar 1896 & Jan 1901 & 489 \\
003 & Jan 1901 & Jul 1911 & 501 \\
004 & Jul 1911 & Apr 1923 & 475 \\
005 & Apr 1923 & Dec 1947 & 526 \\
\end{longtable}
\endgroup % matches the earlier \begingroup statement
\lipsum[2]
\end{document}