如何阻止带有“+”的长单词进入页边距？

Question

我有一个很长的单词，里面有加号（例如 This+Is+A+Long+Word），它经常会进入页面的边缘。和 都\sloppy解决\emergencystretch 3em了这个问题，但它们也会在行中添加很多空格。我更希望 Latex 能够在符号处换行+，但不使用连字符。

为了让事情稍微复杂一点，我将这个词定义为一个命令，这样它总是斜体（即用\newcommand{\myword}{\textit{This+Is+A+Long+Word}}）。这还要求我在单词后留一个空格时使用~（如果有一个简单的解决方法，那就太好了），尽管我尝试过只删除 ，但这~并没有什么区别。

Answer 1

不确定我是否完全理解了您的“不带连字符”请求。在这里，我让+换行符消失：

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\newcommand{\plussy}[1]{%
  \begingroup
  \itshape
  \begingroup\lccode`~=`+\lowercase
    {\endgroup\def~}{\discretionary{}{}{+}}%
  \catcode`+=\active
  \scantokens{#1\noexpand}%
  \endgroup
}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
If an unrecoverable error occurs during the transformation, then
\plussy{This+Is+A+Long+Word}
\end{document}

如果您希望保留+，但允许在此处换行，

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\newcommand{\plussy}[1]{%
  \begingroup
  \itshape
  \begingroup\lccode`~=`+\lowercase
    {\endgroup\def~}{\discretionary{+}{}{+}}%
  \catcode`+=\active
  \scantokens{#1\noexpand}%
  \endgroup
}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
If an unrecoverable error occurs during the transformation, then
\plussy{This+Is+A+Long+Word}
\end{document}

在上面的代码中，+换行符总是出现在行尾。如果你希望它总是出现在下一行的行首，那么

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\newcommand{\plussy}[1]{%
  \begingroup
  \itshape
  \begingroup\lccode`~=`+\lowercase
    {\endgroup\def~}{\discretionary{}{+}{+}}%
  \catcode`+=\active
  \scantokens{#1\noexpand}%
  \endgroup
}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
If an unrecoverable error occurs during the transformation, then
\plussy{This+Is+A+Long+Word}
\end{document}

Answer 2

如果您有这种形式的“单词”，则可以为代表它们的命令定义一个基础结构：

\documentclass{article}

\NewDocumentCommand{\breakingplus}{}{\discretionary{+}{}{+}}

\ExplSyntaxOn
\NewDocumentCommand{\defineplusword}{mm}
 {% #1 = command name, #2 = text
  \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { #2 }
  \tl_replace_all:Nnn \l_tmpa_tl { + } { \breakingplus }
  \cs_new:Npx #1 { \exp_not:V \l_tmpa_tl }
 }
\ExplSyntaxOff

\defineplusword{\myword}{This+Is+A+Long+Word}

\begin{document}

Let's try and write a paragraph that's long enough so \myword\ ends up near the margin.

\parbox{0pt}{\hspace{0pt}\myword}

\end{document}

您还可以为这种形式的一次性单词定义一个命令。

\documentclass{article}

\NewDocumentCommand{\breakingplus}{}{\discretionary{+}{}{+}}

\ExplSyntaxOn
\NewDocumentCommand{\defineplusword}{mm}
 {% #1 = command name, #2 = text
  \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { #2 }
  \tl_replace_all:Nnn \l_tmpa_tl { + } { \breakingplus }
  \cs_new:Npx #1 { \exp_not:V \l_tmpa_tl }
 }
\NewDocumentCommand{\plusword}{m}
 {
  \group_begin:
  \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { #1 }
  \tl_replace_all:Nnn \l_tmpa_tl { + } { \breakingplus }
  \tl_use:N \l_tmpa_tl
  \group_end:
 }
\ExplSyntaxOff

\defineplusword{\myword}{This+Is+A+Long+Word}

\begin{document}

Let's try and write a paragraph that's long enough so \myword\ ends up near the margin.

Let's try and write a paragraph that's long enough so \plusword{This+Is+A+Long+Word} 
ends up near the margin.

\parbox{0pt}{\hspace{0pt}\myword}

\end{document}

您可以看到单词可以在 + 字符处跨行拆分。您还可以看到如何在 后添加空格\myword，即不是通过输入 来实现~。或者，使用\myword{}。

用于\parbox表明每个 + 字符都是一个可能的换行点。

如果您希望这些单词为斜体，但“+”字符为直立，

\documentclass{article}

\NewDocumentCommand{\breakingplus}{}{\discretionary{\textup{+}}{}{\textup{+}}}

\ExplSyntaxOn
\NewDocumentCommand{\defineplusword}{mm}
 {% #1 = command name, #2 = text
  \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { #2 }
  \tl_replace_all:Nnn \l_tmpa_tl { + } { \breakingplus }
  \cs_new:Npx #1 { \exp_not:N \textit{\exp_not:V \l_tmpa_tl} }
 }
\NewDocumentCommand{\plusword}{m}
 {
  \group_begin:
  \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { #1 }
  \tl_replace_all:Nnn \l_tmpa_tl { + } { \breakingplus }
  \textit{\tl_use:N \l_tmpa_tl}
  \group_end:
 }
\ExplSyntaxOff

\defineplusword{\myword}{This+Is+A+Long+Word}

\begin{document}

Let's try and write a paragraph that's long enough so \myword\ ends up near the margin.

Let's try and write a paragraph that's long enough so \plusword{This+Is+A+Long+Word} 
ends up near the margin.

\end{document}

Answer 3

如果您能够在 XeLaTeX 下编译您的文档，该fontspec软件包可以让您临时或“动态”重新定义连字符 - 比如，重新定义+字符 - 并自动切换到字体的斜体。

以下示例提供了一个名为 的用户宏，\PlusWord该宏将其参数斜体化并使用+字符作为连字符。请注意，斜体校正也会自动应用。

% !TEX TS-program = xelatex
\documentclass{article}
\setlength\textwidth{1.1cm} % small value for \textwidth parameter
\setlength\parindent{0pt} % just for this example

\usepackage{fontspec}
% Define a new "font family": same as default (Latin Modern),
% but with italic shape and with 'HyphenChar={+}'.
\newfontfamily{\PlusHyphenChar}{lmroman10-italic}%
      [Path=/usr/local/texlive/2023/texmf-dist/fonts/opentype/public/lm/,
       HyphenChar={+}]
\newcommand\PlusWord[1]{{\PlusHyphenChar #1\/}} % the user macro

\begin{document}
This+Is+A+Long+Word

\textit{This+Is+A+Long+Word}

\smallskip
uu \PlusWord{This+Is+A+Long+Word} uu

\end{document}

Answer 4

为什么不直接使用\babelhyphen{+}？

\documentclass[twocolumn,a5paper]{article}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\begin{document}
\newcommand\+{\babelhyphen{+}}
\newcommand{\youword}{\textit{This\+Is\+A\+Long\+Word}}
\newcommand{\myword}{This Is A Long Word}
\myword{} 
\youword{}
\myword{} 
\youword{} 
\myword{} 
\youword{} 
\myword{} 
\youword{} 
\end{document}