我正在尝试使用 tikz 创建如下所示的金字塔图表：
因此，我进行了一些研究并发现了这个线索：tikz 制作的 3D 金字塔图
以上面的线程中的示例为例，我对其进行了调整以满足我的需求，最终得到了以下代码：
\usepackage{tikz,pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
3d trapezium angle/.code={
\def\threedtrapeziumangle{#1}
},
3d trapezium angle=60,
3d trapezium/.style={
shape=trapezium,
trapezium angle=\threedtrapeziumangle,
trapezium stretches body=true,
line width=0pt,
inner xsep=0pt,
fill=#1!75!black,
text=white,
font=\bfseries,
text height=.8em,
text depth=.2em,
append after command={
\pgfextra{
\fill[#1!50!black] (\tikzlastnode.bottom left corner) --
(\tikzlastnode.bottom right corner) --
([shift={(-.1,-.33)}]\tikzlastnode.bottom right corner) --
([shift={(.1,-.33)}]\tikzlastnode.bottom left corner) --
cycle;
}
}
},
triangle cap/.append style={
append after command={
\pgfextra{
\path (\tikzlastnode.top left corner);
\pgfgetlastxy{\temptopleftx}{\temptoplefty}
\path (\tikzlastnode.top right corner);
\pgfgetlastxy{\temptoprightx}{\temptoprighty}
\fill[#1!75!black] (\tikzlastnode.top left corner) --
(\tikzlastnode.top right corner) --
([shift={(0,{tan(\threedtrapeziumangle)*0.5*(\temptoprightx-\temptopleftx)*1pt})}]\tikzlastnode.top side) --
cycle;
}
}
},
flag/.style={
rectangle,
anchor=west,
yshift=-1ex,
xshift=3ex,
left color=#1!50!black,
right color=transparent!0,
opacity=.8,
text opacity=1,
align=left,
text width=17.5em,
text height=.8em,
text depth=.2em,
execute at begin node=\hspace{1cm},
},
]
\node[flag=red] at (0,0) (f-1) {5. Unternehmensebene};
\node[3d trapezium=red, triangle cap=red, minimum width={3cm*sin(65)}] at (0,0) (a-1) {ERP};
\node[flag=orange] at ({1*cos(65)},{-1*sin(65)}) (f-2) {4. Betriebsleitebene};
\node[3d trapezium=orange, minimum width={2cm*sin(65)}] at (0,{-1*sin(65)}) (a-2) {\small MES, OPC UA};
\node[flag=yellow] at ({2*cos(65)},{-2*sin(65)}) (f-3) {3. Prozessleitebene};
\node[3d trapezium=yellow, minimum width={3cm*sin(65)}] at (0,{-2*sin(65)}) (a-3) {\small SCADA, PROFIBUS};
\node[flag=green] at ({3*cos(65)},{-3*sin(65)}) (f-4) {2. Steuerungsebene};
\node[3d trapezium=green, minimum width={5cm*sin(65)}] at (0,{-3*sin(65)}) (a-4) {PLC/SPS, PROFINET};
\node[flag=cyan] at ({4*cos(65)},{-4*sin(65)}) (f-5) {1. Feld-/Prozessebene};
\node[3d trapezium=cyan, minimum width={7cm*sin(65)}] at (0,{-4*sin(65)}) (a-5) {Sensoren/Aktoren};
\end{tikzpicture}
编译后，它应该看起来像下面的图片。上例中的颜色与图片不同，以便您更轻松地立即进行编译。
如您所见，霓虹绿线表示每个梯形应对齐的角度，如原始示例所示：
我尝试调整每个梯形的最小宽度，但结果并不令人满意。您还有其他方法可以让我尝试正确对齐它们吗？
答案1
一些分析，还没有答案，因为有些事情似乎...... //结果是：这个答案在最后确实提供了一个解决方案。
1）代码无法编译
- 开头（和结尾）缺少一些陈述
- 你的颜色（secondary1 ..）未定义
2）初步代码，重点关注梯形
这似乎是一个主要问题。一个是：形状梯形并不总是按预期运行。但是，您的代码中存在更多噪音。让我们挑选一行：
\node[3d trapezium...] at (0,0) (a-1) {ERP};
(a-1)似乎没有坏处，但也没有贡献。这是一种备忘录吗？// 嗯，这是一个非常模糊的部分。效果是倒数……但你为什么不把它写成文本，就像这样\node ... {5. Unternehmensebene};？
接下来，你要对角度进行大量处理65：是什么决定了这个特殊的值？除非我过度解读了某些内容，否则即使是 3d 梯形也无法定义它。
另外，角度与放置梯形无关，正如您从帮助线网格中看到的那样：它们只是以 (0,0)、(0,-1) ... (0,-4) 为中心放置。
但是，像这样的选项minimum width={7cm*sin(65)}有相关的影响，而其他选项的厘米宽度可能存在“错误”。
\documentclass[10pt,border=3mm,tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz,pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
3d trapezium angle/.code={
\def\threedtrapeziumangle{#1}
},
3d trapezium angle=60,
3d trapezium/.style={
shape=trapezium,
trapezium angle=\threedtrapeziumangle,
trapezium stretches body=true,
line width=0pt,
inner xsep=0pt,
fill=#1!75!black,
text=white,
font=\bfseries,
text height=.8em,
text depth=.2em,
append after command={
\pgfextra{
\fill[#1!50!black] (\tikzlastnode.bottom left corner) --
(\tikzlastnode.bottom right corner) --
([shift={(-.1,-.33)}]\tikzlastnode.bottom right corner) --
([shift={(.1,-.33)}]\tikzlastnode.bottom left corner) --
cycle;
}
}
},
triangle cap/.append style={
append after command={
\pgfextra{
\path (\tikzlastnode.top left corner);
\pgfgetlastxy{\temptopleftx}{\temptoplefty}
\path (\tikzlastnode.top right corner);
\pgfgetlastxy{\temptoprightx}{\temptoprighty}
\fill[#1!75!black] (\tikzlastnode.top left corner) --
(\tikzlastnode.top right corner) --
([shift={(0,{tan(\threedtrapeziumangle)*0.5*(\temptoprightx-\temptopleftx)*1pt})}]\tikzlastnode.top side) --
cycle;
}
}
},
flag/.style={
rectangle,
anchor=west,
yshift=-1ex,
xshift=3ex,
left color=#1!50!black,
right color=transparent!0,
opacity=.8,
text opacity=1,
align=left,
text width=17.5em,
text height=.8em,
text depth=.2em,
execute at begin node=\hspace{1cm},
},
]
% !!! undefined colors !!!!
\colorlet{secondary1}{green}
\colorlet{secondary2}{green!50}
\colorlet{secondary3}{blue}
\colorlet{secondary4}{blue!50}
\colorlet{secondary5}{blue}
\colorlet{secondary6}{blue!50}
\draw [help lines] (0,0) grid (5,-5);
% \node[flag=secondary1] at (0,0) (f-1) {5. Unternehmensebene};
\node[3d trapezium=secondary1, triangle cap=secondary1, minimum width={3cm*sin(65)}] at (0,0) (a-1) {ERP};
% \node[flag=secondary2] at ({1*cos(65)},{-1*sin(65)}) (f-2) {4. Betriebsleitebene};
\node[3d trapezium=secondary2, minimum width={2cm*sin(65)}] at (0,{-1*sin(65)}) (a-2) {\small MES, OPC UA};
%
% \node[flag=secondary3] at ({2*cos(65)},{-2*sin(65)}) (f-3) {3. Prozessleitebene};
\node[3d trapezium=secondary3, minimum width={3cm*sin(65)}] at (0,{-2*sin(65)}) (a-3) {\small SCADA, PROFIBUS};
%
% \node[flag=secondary4] at ({3*cos(65)},{-3*sin(65)}) (f-4) {2. Steuerungsebene};
\node[3d trapezium=secondary4, minimum width={5cm*sin(65)}] at (0,{-3*sin(65)}) (a-4) {PLC/SPS, PROFINET};
%
% \node[flag=secondary5] at ({4*cos(65)},{-4*sin(65)}) (f-5) {1. Feld-/Prozessebene};
\node[3d trapezium=secondary5, minimum width={7cm*sin(65)}] at (0,{-4*sin(65)}) (a-5) {Sensoren/Aktoren};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
3）尝试直觉
那么，为什么不在选项中使用7cm, 6cm...呢？似乎可行 :)3cm
\node[flag=secondary1] at (0,0) (f-1) {5. Unternehmensebene};
\node[3d trapezium=secondary1, triangle cap=secondary1, minimum width={3cm*sin(65)}] at (0,0) (a-1) {ERP};
\node[flag=secondary2] at ({1*cos(65)},{-1*sin(65)}) (f-2) {4. Betriebsleitebene};
\node[3d trapezium=secondary2, minimum width={4cm*sin(65)}] at (0,{-1*sin(65)}) (a-2) {\small MES, OPC UA};
\node[flag=secondary3] at ({2*cos(65)},{-2*sin(65)}) (f-3) {3. Prozessleitebene};
\node[3d trapezium=secondary3, minimum width={5cm*sin(65)}] at (0,{-2*sin(65)}) (a-3) {\small SCADA, PROFIBUS};
\node[flag=secondary4] at ({3*cos(65)},{-3*sin(65)}) (f-4) {2. Steuerungsebene};
\node[3d trapezium=secondary4, minimum width={6cm*sin(65)}] at (0,{-3*sin(65)}) (a-4) {PLC/SPS, PROFINET};
\node[flag=secondary5] at ({4*cos(65)},{-4*sin(65)}) (f-5) {1. Feld-/Prozessebene};
\node[3d trapezium=secondary5, minimum width={7cm*sin(65)}] at (0,{-4*sin(65)}) (a-5) {Sensoren/Aktoren};
4）最终建议
- 清理节点，即删除
(a-1)等。 - 做一些重构，即统一重复或重复的部分，例如使用
\pic或\for - 帮助我们帮助您：仅发布复制后编译的代码，以防止我们猜测，即让我们专注于您的问题，而不是您的语法