指定 latex 表的列宽和居中垂直对齐

Question

我有一个多行多列的表格。我需要指定某些列的列宽，因为表格对于页面来说太宽了。但我找不到这样做的方法，也无法垂直居中文本。

我目前有

    \begin{table}[t!]
    \centering
    \caption{Comparison of the median simulated settling time, normalized path length, and final angular velocity of the minimize-torque controller, maximize-force controller, and greedy controller with $q=0$, $q=1$, and $q=3$, using a gentle position controller ($\alpha = 0.99$) and one that is approximately $3\times$ more aggressive ($\alpha = 0.97$). For each metric, the lowest (i.e., best) value is denoted with an $\ast$, and the values of the other controllers are shown as multiples of the respective lowest value. 
    }
    \begin{tabular}{\textwidth} { |c|c|c|c|c|c|c| }\hline
        \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{} & Min-Torque & Max-Force & Greedy, $q = 0$ & Greedy, $q = 1$ & Greedy, $q = 3$  \\
        \hline
        \multirow{2}{6.3em}{Settling Time} &  $\alpha = 0.97$  & 1.46 & 1.04 & 1.04 & * & 1.41  \\
         &  $\alpha = 0.99$  & 1.45 & 1.05 & 1.05 & * & 1.41 \\
        \hline
        \multirow{2}{6.3em}{Normalized Path Length} &  $\alpha = 0.97$  & 1.09 & * & * & 1.02 & 1.07  \\
         &  $\alpha = 0.99$  & 1.08 & * & * & 1.01 & 1.07 \\
        \hline
        \multirow{2}{6.3em}{Final Angular Velocity} &  $\alpha = 0.97$  & * & 9.14 & 11.58 & 9.33 & 9.29  \\
         &  $\alpha = 0.99$  & * & 9.10 & 10.06 & 9.08 & 9.79 \\
        \hline
    \end{tabular}    
    \label{table:boxplot}
    \end{table}

生成结果：

我也尝试过：

    \begin{table}[t!]
    \centering
    \caption{Comparison of the median simulated settling time, normalized path length, and final angular velocity of the minimize-torque controller, maximize-force controller, and greedy controller with $q=0$, $q=1$, and $q=3$, using a gentle position controller ($\alpha = 0.99$) and one that is approximately $3\times$ more aggressive ($\alpha = 0.97$). For each metric, the lowest (i.e., best) value is denoted with an $\ast$, and the values of the other controllers are shown as multiples of the respective lowest value. 
    }
    \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth} { 
      | >{\centering\arraybackslash}X 
      | >{\centering\arraybackslash}X
      | >{\centering\arraybackslash}X
      | >{\centering\arraybackslash}X
      | >{\centering\arraybackslash}X
      | >{\centering\arraybackslash}X
      | >{\centering\arraybackslash}X | }\hline

        \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{} & Min-Torque & Max-Force & Greedy, $q = 0$ & Greedy, $q = 1$ & Greedy, $q = 3$  \\
        \hline
        \multirow{2}{6.3em}{Settling Time} &  $\alpha = 0.97$  & 1.46 & 1.04 & 1.04 & * & 1.41  \\
         &  $\alpha = 0.99$  & 1.45 & 1.05 & 1.05 & * & 1.41 \\
        \hline
        \multirow{2}{6.3em}{Normalized Path Length} &  $\alpha = 0.97$  & 1.09 & * & * & 1.02 & 1.07  \\
         &  $\alpha = 0.99$  & 1.08 & * & * & 1.01 & 1.07 \\
        \hline
        \multirow{2}{6.3em}{Final Angular Velocity} &  $\alpha = 0.97$  & * & 9.14 & 11.58 & 9.33 & 9.29  \\
         &  $\alpha = 0.99$  & * & 9.10 & 10.06 & 9.08 & 9.79 \\
        \hline
    \end{tabularx}    
    \label{table:boxplot}
    \end{table}

生成结果：

有什么帮助吗？

好的，对不起，

我仍然遇到一些问题。以下代码：

\begin{table}[t]
\caption{Comparison of the median simulated settling time, normalized path length, and final angular velocity of the minimize-torque controller, maximize-force controller, and greedy controller with $q=0$, $q=1$, and $q=3$, using a gentle position controller ($\alpha = 0.99$) and one that is approximately three times more aggressive ($\alpha = 0.97$). For each metric, the lowest (i.e., best) value is denoted with an asterisk, and the values of the other controllers are shown as multiples of the respective lowest value. }
\label{table:boxplot}

\begin{tblr}{hlines, vlines,
             colspec = {X[2,l] c *{5}{X[c, m]}},
             row{3}  = {mode=math},
             cell{1}{1,2}  = {r=3}{},
             cell{1}{3}    = {c=5}{},
             cell{2}{3,4}  = {r=2}{},
             cell{2}{5}    = {c=3}{},
             cell{even}{1} = {r=2}{}
             }
    &   $\alpha$ 
            &   Controller type     
                    &       &       &       &       \\
    &       &   Min  Torque
                    &   Max  Force
                            &   Greedy   
                                    &       &       \\
    &       &       &       & q = 0 & q = 1 & q = 3 \\
Settling Time 
    & 0.97  & 1.46  & 1.04  & 1.04  & *     & 1.41  \\
    & 0.99  & 1.45  & 1.05  & 1.05  & *     & 1.41  \\
Normalized Path Length
    & 0.97  & 1.09  & *     & *     & 1.02  & 1.07  \\
    & 0.99  & 1.08  & *     & *     & 1.01  & 1.07  \\
Final Angular Velocity 
    & 0.97  & *     & 9.14  & 11.58 & 9.33  & 9.29  \\
    & 0.99  & *     & 9.10  & 10.06 & 9.08  & 9.79  \\
\end{tblr}
\end{table}

产生以下内容：

Overleaf 在 \end{tblr} 行上给我以下错误：“package xcolor 错误：未定义颜色‘模式’。” 我还想去掉黑线。任何帮助都将不胜感激。

另外，我显然需要一些帮助才能让代码在此处显示为代码，而不仅仅是难以阅读的文本。我在文本编辑器中单击表示“代码示例”的 {} 符号，然后将代码粘贴到它所显示的位置，但它仍然显示为文本。有什么帮助吗？

Answer 1

像这样？请注意，我 (a) 为标题材料提供了更多结构，并且 (b) 通过删除所有垂直规则并使用更少但间距适当的水平规则，为表格提供了更开放的“外观”。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tabularx,ragged2e,booktabs,amsmath}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\Centering}X}

\newcommand\mytabL[1]{\smash[b]{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{} l @{}} #1 \end{tabular}}}
\newcommand\mytabC[1]{\smash[b]{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{} c @{}} #1 \end{tabular}}}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[t!]

\caption{Comparison of the median simulated settling time, normalized path length, and final angular velocity of the minimize-torque controller, maximize-force controller, and greedy controller with $q=0$, $q=1$, and $q=3$, using a gentle position controller ($\alpha = 0.99$) and one that is approximately three times more aggressive ($\alpha = 0.97$). For each metric, the lowest (i.e., best) value is denoted with an asterisk, and the values of the other controllers are shown as multiples of the respective lowest value. }
\label{table:boxplot}

\medskip
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} l c CCCCC @{}}
\toprule
& $\alpha$ & \multicolumn{5}{c@{}}{Controller type}\\
\cmidrule(l){3-7}
 & & \mytabC{Min-\\Torque} & \mytabC{Max-\\Force} & \multicolumn{3}{c@{}}{Greedy}\\
\cmidrule(l){5-7}
& & & &  $q = 0$ &  $q = 1$ &  $q = 3$  \\
\midrule
    \mytabL{Median simul.\\settling time} &   0.97  & 1.46 & 1.04 & 1.04 & * & 1.41  \\
     &   0.99  & 1.45 & 1.05 & 1.05 & * & 1.41 \\
    \addlinespace
    \mytabL{Normalized\\path length} &   0.97  & 1.09 & * & * & 1.02 & 1.07  \\
     &   0.99  & 1.08 & * & * & 1.01 & 1.07 \\
    \addlinespace
    \mytabL{Final angular\\ velocity} &   0.97  & * & 9.14 & 11.58 & 9.33 & 9.29  \\
     &   0.99  & * & 9.10 & 10.06 & 9.08 & 9.79 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
 
\end{table}

\end{document}

Answer 2

由于您希望表格中包含所有行，因此该tabularray包可能会派上用场。使用它并在需要的地方定义多行单元格，MWE 可以细化为：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[skip=1ex]{caption}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{amsmath, booktabs}


\begin{document}
    \begin{table}[ht]
\caption{Comparison of the median simulated settling time, normalized path length, and final angular velocity of the minimize-torque controller, maximize-force controller, and greedy controller with $q=0$, $q=1$, and $q=3$, using a gentle position controller ($\alpha = 0.99$) and one that is approximately three times more aggressive ($\alpha = 0.97$). For each metric, the lowest (i.e., best) value is denoted with an asterisk, and the values of the other controllers are shown as multiples of the respective lowest value. }
\label{table:boxplot}

\begin{tblr}{hlines, vlines,
             colspec = {X[2,l] c *{5}{X[c, m]}},
             row{3}  = {mode=math},
             cell{1}{1,2}  = {r=3}{},
             cell{1}{3}    = {c=5}{},
             cell{2}{3,4}  = {r=2}{},
             cell{2}{5}    = {c=3}{},
             cell{even}{1} = {r=2}{}
             }
    &   $\alpha$ 
            &   Controller type     
                    &       &       &       &       \\
    &       &   Min  Torque
                    &   Max  Force
                            &   Greedy   
                                    &       &       \\
    &       &       &       & q = 0 & q = 1 & q = 3 \\
Median simul. settling time
    & 0.97  & 1.46  & 1.04  & 1.04  & *     & 1.41  \\
    & 0.99  & 1.45  & 1.05  & 1.05  & *     & 1.41  \\
Normalized espace
    & 0.97  & 1.09  & *     & *     & 1.02  & 1.07  \\
    & 0.99  & 1.08  & *     & *     & 1.01  & 1.07  \\
Final angular velocity
    & 0.97  & *     & 9.14  & 11.58 & 9.33  & 9.29  \\
    & 0.99  & *     & 9.10  & 10.06 & 9.08  & 9.79  \\
\end{tblr}
    \end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 3

如果您希望在表格中包含所有规则，可以使用 来创建表格{NiceTabular}。但是，与许多人一样，我建议使用精神的nicematrix版本。booktabsbooktabs

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[skip=1ex]{caption}
\usepackage{nicematrix}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[ht]
\caption{Comparison of the median simulated settling time, normalized path length, and final angular velocity of the minimize-torque controller, maximize-force controller, and greedy controller with $q=0$, $q=1$, and $q=3$, using a gentle position controller ($\alpha = 0.99$) and one that is approximately three times more aggressive ($\alpha = 0.97$). For each metric, the lowest (i.e., best) value is denoted with an asterisk, and the values of the other controllers are shown as multiples of the respective lowest value. }
\label{table:boxplot}

\begin{NiceTabular}{X[2,l] c *{5}{X[c, m]}}[hvlines,cell-space-limits=2pt]
\Block{3-1}{} & \Block{3-1}{$\alpha$} 
            &   \Block{1-*}{Controller type} \\
    &       &   \Block{2-1}{Min  Torque}
                    &   \Block{2-1}{Max  Force}
                            &   \Block{1-*}{Greedy} \\
    &       &       &       & $q = 0$ & $q = 1$ & $q = 3$ \\
\Block{2-1}{Median simul. settling time}
    & 0.97  & 1.46  & 1.04  & 1.04  & *     & 1.41  \\
    & 0.99  & 1.45  & 1.05  & 1.05  & *     & 1.41  \\
\Block{2-1}{Normalized espace}
    & 0.97  & 1.09  & *     & *     & 1.02  & 1.07  \\
    & 0.99  & 1.08  & *     & *     & 1.01  & 1.07  \\
\Block{2-1}{Final angular velocity}
    & 0.97  & *     & 9.14  & 11.58 & 9.33  & 9.29  \\
    & 0.99  & *     & 9.10  & 10.06 & 9.08  & 9.79  \\
\end{NiceTabular}

\end{table}

\end{document}