与 pdfeTeX 相比，LuaTeX 添加了哪些原语？
除了标准 pdfeTeX PDF 原语的重新排列，以及有点奇怪的行为（与 XeTeX 相比）\font（需要luaotfload.sty和类似），除了哪些原语是 LuaTeX 独有的/适当的\directlua？
欢迎交叉引用文献。
答案1
您可以要求 luatex 列出所有最初未启用的 TeX 原语（尽管有些对应于 pdftex 或 xetex，因此可能不是 luatex 所独有的）
\directlua{
for p,v in pairs(tex.extraprimitives())
do
print(p, v)
end
}
\bye
产生
1 Umathcloseopspacing
2 unless
3 botmarks
4 textdir
5 Umathordpunctspacing
6 currentiftype
7 Udelimiterunder
8 variablefam
9 pagediscards
10 mathsurroundmode
11 Uskewedwithdelims
12 bodydirection
13 Umathopenpunctspacing
14 pagebottomoffset
15 partokencontext
16 luabytecodecall
17 mathsurroundskip
18 displaywidowpenalties
19 endlocalcontrol
20 Umathordinnerspacing
21 Umathbinclosespacing
22 toksapp
23 rightghost
24 fontcharic
25 fontchardp
26 fontcharht
27 Umathlimitbelowbgap
28 fontcharwd
29 Umathopeninnerspacing
30 partokenname
31 textdirection
32 tokspre
33 Umathnolimitsubfactor
34 Uoverdelimiter
35 Umathpunctpunctspacing
36 Umathclosepunctspacing
37 mathdisplayskipmode
38 saveimageresource
39 mathrulesfam
40 Umathrelordspacing
41 Umathsupbottommin
42 Umathlimitbelowkern
43 copyfont
44 pagedirection
45 Umathstackdenomdown
46 localrightbox
47 Umathfractionrule
48 widowpenalties
49 Umathcharfam
50 Umathcloseinnerspacing
51 Umathopenrelspacing
52 tracingifs
53 Uhextensible
54 Umathsupsubbottommax
55 leftmarginkern
56 iffontchar
57 Umathcloserelspacing
58 linedirection
59 eTeXVersion
60 ifincsname
61 Umathcharnum
62 Umathinnerordspacing
63 synctex
64 luabytecode
65 formatname
66 letterspacefont
67 boxdirection
68 pdfextension
69 protected
70 discretionaryligaturemode
71 Umathrelinnerspacing
72 topmarks
73 showgroups
74 Umathsubtopmax
75 glueexpr
76 randomseed
77 splitfirstmarks
78 suppressoutererror
79 predisplaydirection
80 Umathsubsupshiftdown
81 Umathopbinspacing
82 Umathordbinspacing
83 Umathrelopspacing
84 Umathopenbinspacing
85 suppressprimitiveerror
86 Umathoverdelimiterbgap
87 localleftbox
88 alignmark
89 Uunderdelimiter
90 hyphenationmin
91 Umathclosebinspacing
92 Umathcodenum
93 dvifeedback
94 outputmode
95 luafunction
96 compoundhyphenmode
97 Umathpunctopenspacing
98 luacopyinputnodes
99 Umathconnectoroverlapmin
100 crampedscriptscriptstyle
101 csstring
102 Umathradicaldegreeafter
103 everyeof
104 eTeXversion
105 uniformdeviate
106 luatexversion
107 Umathfractionnumup
108 rightmarginkern
109 Umathopclosespacing
110 clubpenalties
111 mathrulesmode
112 explicithyphenpenalty
113 Umathordclosespacing
114 savingvdiscards
115 splitbotmarks
116 Umathoverdelimitervgap
117 etokspre
118 expanded
119 suppressmathparerror
120 Udelcode
121 bodydir
122 showtokens
123 immediateassigned
124 tracingassigns
125 shapemode
126 dimexpr
127 parshapedimen
128 attribute
129 readline
130 Umathsubshiftdrop
131 Umathsubshiftdown
132 matheqnogapstep
133 Umathpunctrelspacing
134 lastsavedimageresourceindex
135 lastsavedimageresourcepages
136 mathoption
137 Umathradicaldegreeraise
138 fixupboxesmode
139 adjustspacing
140 Umathsupshiftdrop
141 Umathcharslot
142 Umathcloseclosespacing
143 luatexrevision
144 insertht
145 localinterlinepenalty
146 useboxresource
147 explicitdiscretionary
148 Umathchar
149 Udelimiterover
150 Ustack
151 Umathcode
152 mathdelimitersmode
153 saveboxresource
154 Udelcodenum
155 gtoksapp
156 tracingscantokens
157 suppresslongerror
158 ignoreligaturesinfont
159 Umathaxis
160 Umathfractionnumvgap
161 gtokspre
162 mathflattenmode
163 Umathskewedfractionhgap
164 Umathrelclosespacing
165 Umathpunctbinspacing
166 Ustopdisplaymath
167 quitvmode
168 crampedscriptstyle
169 letcharcode
170 setrandomseed
171 hyphenationbounds
172 crampedtextstyle
173 pagedir
174 Umathbinrelspacing
175 Umathopordspacing
176 dvivariable
177 attributedef
178 mathdirection
179 Umathordordspacing
180 pdffeedback
181 Umathskewedfractionvgap
182 Umathopenordspacing
183 mathitalicsmode
184 mathdir
185 outputbox
186 Umathcloseordspacing
187 Umathnolimitsupfactor
188 pagewidth
189 Ustopmath
190 aligntab
191 prehyphenchar
192 dviextension
193 luafunctioncall
194 Umathpunctopspacing
195 breakafterdirmode
196 Umathsubsupvgap
197 luaescapestring
198 prerelpenalty
199 begincsname
200 tracingnesting
201 Umathradicalrule
202 Umathunderbarrule
203 postexhyphenchar
204 Umathradicaldegreebefore
205 Umathstacknumup
206 normaldeviate
207 ifdefined
208 Umathbinopspacing
209 xtoksapp
210 boxdir
211 Ustartdisplaymath
212 savecatcodetable
213 Umathbinpunctspacing
214 eTeXglueshrinkorder
215 mathscriptboxmode
216 tagcode
217 Uroot
218 lastsavedboxresourceindex
219 Unosuperscript
220 Umathoperatorsize
221 xtokspre
222 Uradical
223 mathstyle
224 Umathopopenspacing
225 Umathordopenspacing
226 automatichyphenpenalty
227 Umathbininnerspacing
228 Umathinnerrelspacing
229 clearmarks
230 Umathoverbarvgap
231 fontid
232 Umathopenopenspacing
233 immediateassignment
234 Umathunderdelimiterbgap
235 Umathoverbarrule
236 setfontid
237 crampeddisplaystyle
238 ifabsdim
239 Umathlimitabovebgap
240 Umathcharclass
241 Umathstackvgap
242 Umathinneropspacing
243 currentifbranch
244 Umathrelbinspacing
245 Umathcloseopenspacing
246 ifcondition
247 pardir
248 firstmarks
249 initcatcodetable
250 lastnodetype
251 nokerns
252 pageleftoffset
253 luadef
254 tracingfonts
255 nospaces
256 Umathrelopenspacing
257 Umathlimitabovekern
258 Udelimiter
259 savepos
260 nohrule
261 mathrulethicknessmode
262 marks
263 localbrokenpenalty
264 Umathfractiondelsize
265 exceptionpenalty
266 automaticdiscretionary
267 currentgrouplevel
268 gleaders
269 Umathunderdelimitervgap
270 Umathinnerbinspacing
271 noligs
272 hyphenpenaltymode
273 draftmode
274 automatichyphenmode
275 prebinoppenalty
276 Usubscript
277 Umathcharnumdef
278 rpcode
279 interlinepenalties
280 muexpr
281 unexpanded
282 mathpenaltiesmode
283 ifcsname
284 parshapeindent
285 mathscriptcharmode
286 mathdefaultsmode
287 Umathaccent
288 pagetopoffset
289 showifs
290 matheqdirmode
291 pageheight
292 catcodetable
293 parshapelength
294 Umathspaceafterscript
295 predisplaygapfactor
296 primitive
297 Umathinneropenspacing
298 Uskewed
299 pxdimen
300 glyphdimensionsmode
301 Umathopenopspacing
302 splitdiscards
303 gluetomu
304 mutoglue
305 eTeXgluestretchorder
306 glueshrink
307 gluestretch
308 glueshrinkorder
309 gluestretchorder
310 numexpr
311 ifabsnum
312 scantextokens
313 scantokens
314 interactionmode
315 detokenize
316 currentiflevel
317 currentgrouptype
318 mathnolimitsmode
319 mathscriptsmode
320 suppressifcsnameerror
321 suppressfontnotfounderror
322 savinghyphcodes
323 lastlinefit
324 tracinggroups
325 eTeXrevision
326 eTeXminorversion
327 pardirection
328 pdfvariable
329 lateluafunction
330 latelua
331 useimageresource
332 pagerightoffset
333 linedir
334 efcode
335 lpcode
336 hjcode
337 preexhyphenchar
338 posthyphenchar
339 Umathinnerinnerspacing
340 Umathinnerpunctspacing
341 Umathinnerclosespacing
342 Umathpunctinnerspacing
343 Umathpunctclosespacing
344 Umathpunctordspacing
345 Umathopenclosespacing
346 Umathrelpunctspacing
347 Umathrelrelspacing
348 Umathbinopenspacing
349 Umathbinbinspacing
350 Umathbinordspacing
351 Umathopinnerspacing
352 Umathoppunctspacing
353 Umathoprelspacing
354 Umathopopspacing
355 Umathordrelspacing
356 Umathordopspacing
357 Umathsupshiftup
358 Umathlimitbelowvgap
359 Umathlimitabovevgap
360 Umathfractiondenomdown
361 Umathfractiondenomvgap
362 Umathradicalvgap
363 Umathradicalkern
364 Umathunderbarvgap
365 Umathunderbarkern
366 Umathoverbarkern
367 Umathquad
368 Umathchardef
369 Uvextensible
370 Unosubscript
371 Usuperscript
372 Ustartmath
373 ifprimitive
374 Uchar
375 luatexbanner
376 lastypos
377 lastxpos
378 novrule
379 etoksapp
380 leftghost
381 expandglyphsinfont
382 lastnamedcs
383 protrudechars