TikZ 子图未水平对齐

Question

我尝试对齐两个 tikz 子图。但由于某种原因，它无法完全工作，并且根据此屏幕截图，它们在水平方向上未对齐。

我在这里做错了什么？

\documentclass[12pt, a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[english]{babel}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage[hmargin=1in, vmargin=1.2in]{geometry}
\usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption}
\captionsetup{width=.98\linewidth}

\usepackage{setspace}
\setstretch{1.3}

\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}

\begin{document}


\begin{figure}[h]
  \begin{subfigure}{\linewidth}
    \centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}
      \begin{axis}[
          scaled y ticks = false,
          y tick label style={/pgf/number format/fixed, /pgf/number format/fixed zerofill, /pgf/number format/precision=2},
        ]

        \addplot[color=black] coordinates {
            (1, 1)
            (2, 2)
            (3, 3)
            (4, 4)
            (5, 5)
            (6, 6)
            (7, 7)
            (8, 8)
          };
      \end{axis}

    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{}
  \end{subfigure}%
  \\[5mm]
  \begin{subfigure}{\linewidth}%
    \centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}
      \begin{axis}[
          scaled y ticks = false,
          y tick label style={/pgf/number format/fixed, /pgf/number format/fixed zerofill, /pgf/number format/precision=2},
        ]

        \addplot[color=black] coordinates {
            (-100, -1)
            (200, 2)
            (300, 3)
          };
      \end{axis}

    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{}
  \end{subfigure}  %
  \caption{asd}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Answer 1

您必须扩大分配给 y 标签的宽度（在两个图中）以容纳减号。

\documentclass[12pt, a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[english]{babel}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage[hmargin=1in, vmargin=1.2in]{geometry}
\usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption}
\captionsetup{width=.98\linewidth}

\usepackage{setspace}
\setstretch{1.3}

\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}

\begin{document}
    
    
    \begin{figure}[h]
        \pgfplotsset{yticklabel style = {text width=2.5em, align=right}}% added <<<<<<<<<<<<        
        
        \begin{subfigure}{\linewidth}
        \centering
        \begin{tikzpicture}
            \begin{axis}[
                scaled y ticks = false,
                y tick label style={/pgf/number format/fixed, /pgf/number format/fixed zerofill, /pgf/number format/precision=2},
                ]
                
                \addplot[color=black] coordinates {
                    (1, 1)
                    (2, 2)
                    (3, 3)
                    (4, 4)
                    (5, 5)
                    (6, 6)
                    (7, 7)
                    (8, 8)
                };
            \end{axis}
            
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{}
    \end{subfigure}%
    \\[5mm]
    \begin{subfigure}{\linewidth}%
        \centering
        \begin{tikzpicture}
            \begin{axis}[
                scaled y ticks = false,
                y tick label style={/pgf/number format/fixed, /pgf/number format/fixed zerofill, /pgf/number format/precision=2},
                ]
                
                \addplot[color=black] coordinates {
                    (-100, -1)
                    (200, 2)
                    (300, 3)
                };
            \end{axis}
            
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{}
    \end{subfigure}  %
    \caption{asd}
\end{figure}
    
\end{document}

Answer 2

发生这种情况的原因是您正在使用\centering并且您的图的宽度不完全相同：底部图中的减号使其略宽。如果我将其放在\phantom{+}第一个环境之前tikzpicture，它几乎但不是完全完美地排列，您可以替换它或使用\hspace命令对其进行增强，以使其手动完美排列。