☰

TinyTex 来自 RStudio Rmarkdown 编织成 pdf。ggplot 注释中的“大约”符号会引发错误

tag-icon • tag-icon pdf r knitr rmarkdown tinytex
TinyTex 来自 RStudio Rmarkdown 编织成 pdf。ggplot 注释中的“大约”符号会引发错误

可重现的示例：

require(ggplot2)    
myggplot <- ggplot(data.frame(x=1:2, y=1:2), aes(x=x,y=y)) + geom_point() 
z <- 16.9
myggplot <- myggplot + annotate(geom="text", x= 1.5, y=1.5, hjust = 0,  vjust = -1,
                                                label= paste("p ≈ ",z, " (Log-rank)"),
                                                color="black", size = 5)
myggplot

包括 ≈ 符号在内的图表在 RStudio 中以及我的 .Rmd 文档块的输出中都完美呈现。但当我尝试将其编织成 pdf 时，我得到了错误

LaTeX 错误：Unicode 字符 ≈ (U+2248) 未设置为用于 LaTeX。

我对 LaTex 了解甚少 - 有人能提出一个可以同时适用于 ggplot 和 TinyTex pdf 的解决方案吗？

=========== 包括请求的（失败的）tex 代码：

% Options for packages loaded elsewhere
\PassOptionsToPackage{unicode}{hyperref}
\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
%
\documentclass[
]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage{iftex}
\ifPDFTeX
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
  \usepackage{textcomp} % provide euro and other symbols
\else % if luatex or xetex
  \usepackage{unicode-math} % this also loads fontspec
  \defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase}
  \defaultfontfeatures[\rmfamily]{Ligatures=TeX,Scale=1}
\fi
\usepackage{lmodern}
\ifPDFTeX\else
  % xetex/luatex font selection
\fi
% Use upquote if available, for straight quotes in verbatim environments
\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}
\IfFileExists{microtype.sty}{% use microtype if available
  \usepackage[]{microtype}
  \UseMicrotypeSet[protrusion]{basicmath} % disable protrusion for tt fonts
}{}
\makeatletter
\@ifundefined{KOMAClassName}{% if non-KOMA class
  \IfFileExists{parskip.sty}{%
    \usepackage{parskip}
  }{% else
    \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
    \setlength{\parskip}{6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}}
}{% if KOMA class
  \KOMAoptions{parskip=half}}
\makeatother
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\newcommand{\VerbBar}{|}
\newcommand{\VERB}{\Verb[commandchars=\\\{\}]}
\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Highlighting}{Verbatim}{commandchars=\\\{\}}
% Add ',fontsize=\small' for more characters per line
\usepackage{framed}
\definecolor{shadecolor}{RGB}{248,248,248}
\newenvironment{Shaded}{\begin{snugshade}}{\end{snugshade}}
\newcommand{\AlertTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.94,0.16,0.16}{#1}}
\newcommand{\AnnotationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\AttributeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{#1}}
\newcommand{\BaseNTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.81}{#1}}
\newcommand{\BuiltInTok}[1]{#1}
\newcommand{\CharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
\newcommand{\CommentTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textit{#1}}}
\newcommand{\CommentVarTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\ConstantTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{#1}}
\newcommand{\ControlFlowTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\DataTypeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{#1}}
\newcommand{\DecValTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.81}{#1}}
\newcommand{\DocumentationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\ErrorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.64,0.00,0.00}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\ExtensionTok}[1]{#1}
\newcommand{\FloatTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.81}{#1}}
\newcommand{\FunctionTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\ImportTok}[1]{#1}
\newcommand{\InformationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\KeywordTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\NormalTok}[1]{#1}
\newcommand{\OperatorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.81,0.36,0.00}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\OtherTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{#1}}
\newcommand{\PreprocessorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textit{#1}}}
\newcommand{\RegionMarkerTok}[1]{#1}
\newcommand{\SpecialCharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.81,0.36,0.00}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\SpecialStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
\newcommand{\StringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
\newcommand{\VariableTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.00}{#1}}
\newcommand{\VerbatimStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
\newcommand{\WarningTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\makeatletter
\def\maxwidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth\linewidth\else\Gin@nat@width\fi}
\def\maxheight{\ifdim\Gin@nat@height>\textheight\textheight\else\Gin@nat@height\fi}
\makeatother
% Scale images if necessary, so that they will not overflow the page
% margins by default, and it is still possible to overwrite the defaults
% using explicit options in \includegraphics[width, height, ...]{}
\setkeys{Gin}{width=\maxwidth,height=\maxheight,keepaspectratio}
% Set default figure placement to htbp
\makeatletter
\def\fps@figure{htbp}
\makeatother
\setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em} % prevent overfull lines
\providecommand{\tightlist}{%
  \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-\maxdimen} % remove section numbering
TRUE
\ifLuaTeX
  \usepackage{selnolig}  % disable illegal ligatures
\fi
\IfFileExists{bookmark.sty}{\usepackage{bookmark}}{\usepackage{hyperref}}
\IfFileExists{xurl.sty}{\usepackage{xurl}}{} % add URL line breaks if available
\urlstyle{same}
\hypersetup{
  pdftitle={ggplot},
  hidelinks,
  pdfcreator={LaTeX via pandoc}}

\title{ggplot}
\author{}
\date{\vspace{-2.5em}2023-11-01}

\begin{document}
\maketitle

\begin{Shaded}
\begin{Highlighting}[]
\NormalTok{myggplot }\OtherTok{\textless{}{-}} \FunctionTok{ggplot}\NormalTok{(}\FunctionTok{data.frame}\NormalTok{(}\AttributeTok{x=}\DecValTok{1}\SpecialCharTok{:}\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{, }\AttributeTok{y=}\DecValTok{1}\SpecialCharTok{:}\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{), }\FunctionTok{aes}\NormalTok{(}\AttributeTok{x=}\NormalTok{x,}\AttributeTok{y=}\NormalTok{y)) }\SpecialCharTok{+} \FunctionTok{geom\_point}\NormalTok{() }

\NormalTok{z }\OtherTok{\textless{}{-}} \FloatTok{16.9}

\NormalTok{myggplot }\OtherTok{\textless{}{-}}\NormalTok{ myggplot }\SpecialCharTok{+} \FunctionTok{annotate}\NormalTok{(}\AttributeTok{geom=}\StringTok{"text"}\NormalTok{, }\AttributeTok{x=} \FloatTok{1.5}\NormalTok{, }\AttributeTok{y=}\FloatTok{1.5}\NormalTok{, }\AttributeTok{hjust =} \DecValTok{0}\NormalTok{,  }\AttributeTok{vjust =} \SpecialCharTok{{-}}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{,}
                                            \AttributeTok{label=} \FunctionTok{paste}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"p ≈ "}\NormalTok{,z, }\StringTok{" (Log{-}rank)"}\NormalTok{),}
                                            \AttributeTok{color=}\StringTok{"black"}\NormalTok{, }\AttributeTok{size =} \DecValTok{5}\NormalTok{)}


\NormalTok{myggplot}
\end{Highlighting}
\end{Shaded}

\includegraphics{ggplot_rmd_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-2-1.pdf}

\end{document}

答案1

在此处输入图片描述

我按照评论中所述做了三处更改，文件中有两个错误，我将图像换成了我原来的图像。参见%%%HERE

\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2248}{\ensuremath{\approx}}

  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
  \usepackage{textcomp} % provide euro and other symbols
\else % if luatex or xetex
  \usepackage{unicode-math} % this also loads fontspec
  \defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase}
  \defaultfontfeatures[\rmfamily]{Ligatures=TeX,Scale=1}
\fi
\usepackage{lmodern}
\ifPDFTeX\else
  % xetex/luatex font selection
\fi
% Use upquote if available, for straight quotes in verbatim environments
\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}
\IfFileExists{microtype.sty}{% use microtype if available
  \usepackage[]{microtype}
  \UseMicrotypeSet[protrusion]{basicmath} % disable protrusion for tt fonts
}{}
\makeatletter
\@ifundefined{KOMAClassName}{% if non-KOMA class
  \IfFileExists{parskip.sty}{%
    \usepackage{parskip}
  }{% else
    \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
    \setlength{\parskip}{6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}}
}{% if KOMA class
  \KOMAoptions{parskip=half}}
\makeatother
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\newcommand{\VerbBar}{|}
\newcommand{\VERB}{\Verb[commandchars=\\\{\}]}
\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Highlighting}{Verbatim}{commandchars=\\\{\}}
% Add ',fontsize=\small' for more characters per line
\usepackage{framed}
\definecolor{shadecolor}{RGB}{248,248,248}
\newenvironment{Shaded}{\begin{snugshade}}{\end{snugshade}}
\newcommand{\AlertTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.94,0.16,0.16}{#1}}
\newcommand{\AnnotationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\AttributeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{#1}}
\newcommand{\BaseNTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.81}{#1}}
\newcommand{\BuiltInTok}[1]{#1}
\newcommand{\CharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
\newcommand{\CommentTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textit{#1}}}
\newcommand{\CommentVarTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\ConstantTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{#1}}
\newcommand{\ControlFlowTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\DataTypeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{#1}}
\newcommand{\DecValTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.81}{#1}}
\newcommand{\DocumentationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\ErrorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.64,0.00,0.00}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\ExtensionTok}[1]{#1}
\newcommand{\FloatTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.81}{#1}}
\newcommand{\FunctionTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\ImportTok}[1]{#1}
\newcommand{\InformationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\KeywordTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\NormalTok}[1]{#1}
\newcommand{\OperatorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.81,0.36,0.00}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\OtherTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{#1}}
\newcommand{\PreprocessorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textit{#1}}}
\newcommand{\RegionMarkerTok}[1]{#1}
\newcommand{\SpecialCharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.81,0.36,0.00}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\SpecialStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
\newcommand{\StringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
\newcommand{\VariableTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.00}{#1}}
\newcommand{\VerbatimStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
\newcommand{\WarningTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\makeatletter
\def\maxwidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth\linewidth\else\Gin@nat@width\fi}
\def\maxheight{\ifdim\Gin@nat@height>\textheight\textheight\else\Gin@nat@height\fi}
\makeatother
% Scale images if necessary, so that they will not overflow the page
% margins by default, and it is still possible to overwrite the defaults
% using explicit options in \includegraphics[width, height, ...]{}
\setkeys{Gin}{width=\maxwidth,height=\maxheight,keepaspectratio}
% Set default figure placement to htbp
\makeatletter
\def\fps@figure{htbp}
\makeatother
\setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em} % prevent overfull lines
\providecommand{\tightlist}{%
  \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-\maxdimen} % remove section numbering
%%%HERE
%%%%%%%?????????????????????????????TRUE
\ifLuaTeX
  \usepackage{selnolig}  % disable illegal ligatures
\fi
\IfFileExists{bookmark.sty}{\usepackage{bookmark}}{\usepackage{hyperref}}
\IfFileExists{xurl.sty}{\usepackage{xurl}}{} % add URL line breaks if available
\urlstyle{same}
\hypersetup{
  pdftitle={ggplot},
  hidelinks,
  pdfcreator={LaTeX via pandoc}}

\title{ggplot}
\author{}
\date{\vspace{-2.5em}2023-11-01}

\begin{document}
\maketitle

\begin{Shaded}
\begin{Highlighting}[]
\NormalTok{myggplot }\OtherTok{\textless{}{-}} \FunctionTok{ggplot}\NormalTok{(}\FunctionTok{data.frame}\NormalTok{(}\AttributeTok{x=}\DecValTok{1}\SpecialCharTok{:}\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{, }\AttributeTok{y=}\DecValTok{1}\SpecialCharTok{:}\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{), }\FunctionTok{aes}\NormalTok{(}\AttributeTok{x=}\NormalTok{x,}\AttributeTok{y=}\NormalTok{y)) }\SpecialCharTok{+} \FunctionTok{geom\_point}\NormalTok{() }

\NormalTok{z }\OtherTok{\textless{}{-}} \FloatTok{16.9}

\NormalTok{myggplot }\OtherTok{\textless{}{-}}\NormalTok{ myggplot }\SpecialCharTok{+} \FunctionTok{annotate}\NormalTok{(}\AttributeTok{geom=}\StringTok{"text"}\NormalTok{, }\AttributeTok{x=} \FloatTok{1.5}\NormalTok{, }\AttributeTok{y=}\FloatTok{1.5}\NormalTok{, }\AttributeTok{hjust =} \DecValTok{0}\NormalTok{,  }\AttributeTok{vjust =} \SpecialCharTok{{-}}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{,}
                                            \AttributeTok{label=} \FunctionTok{paste}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"p ≈ "}\NormalTok{,z, }\StringTok{" (Log{-}rank)"}\NormalTok{),}
                                            \AttributeTok{color=}\StringTok{"black"}\NormalTok{, }\AttributeTok{size =} \DecValTok{5}\NormalTok{)}


\NormalTok{myggplot}
\end{Highlighting}
\end{Shaded}

%%%HERE
\includegraphics{example-image}

\end{document}

对于标题中的错误，主要的变化是将字符（仅适用于 pdflatex，而不是 lualatex）声明为

\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2248}{\ensuremath{\approx}}

\ifPDFTeX在分支内

答案2

我现在无法使用 TinyTeX 进行测试，但至少可以使用 vanilla TeX Live 2023 进行测试：

平均能量损失

.qmd文件（不要使用 .Rmd 扩展名）：

---
format: pdf
pdf-engine: lualatex
mainfont: FreeSerif
monofont: LiberationMono
keep-tex: true
lang: en
classoption: twocolumn
---

```{r}
#| include: false
z <- 16.9
```

The  "almost equal to" symbol (U+2248) can be typeset in Rmarkdown (or the newer Quarto)  as plain text (≈) or verbatim text  (`≈`) declaring the character to `pdflatex` as showed in other answer, or alternatively, as showed in this  \texttt{\jobname.qmd} using `xelatex` or `lualatex` with  some appropriate font.

If you see the "≈"  symbols in both cases, also will apear in R verbatim  inputs and outputs texts: 

\dotfill{}

```{r}
paste("p ≈",z, " (Log-rank)")
```

\dotfill{}


Or outputs in plain text: \fbox{`r paste("p ≈",z," (Log-rank)")`}

\newpage{}

But the true problem is that while you can use "≈" in label plots for a standalone image made with a R console, or some R script, when made inside a  `knitr`ed document there are some problem with font metrics of the  $\approx$ character, so the result will be: 

```{=tex}
\fbox{\makebox[\linewidth]{
```
```{r} 
#| echo: false
#| warning: false

plot(c(0, 1), c(0, 1), ann = F, bty = 'n', type = 'n', xaxt = 'n', yaxt = 'n')
text(x = 0.5, y = 0.5, paste("p ≈",z, " (Log-rank)")) 

```
```{=tex}
}}
```

(... or munch worse, if you do not omit the warnings.)

However, using the `tikz` device, you can pass  the `\approx` command to plot labels, avoiding this problem, and moreover, the plot will have now the \LaTeX{} look and feel:


```{=tex}
\fbox{\makebox[\linewidth]{
```
```{r} 
#| echo: false
#| warning: false
#| dev: tikz

plot(c(0, 1), c(0, 1), ann = F, bty = 'n', type = 'n', xaxt = 'n', yaxt = 'n')
text(x = 0.5, y = 0.5, paste("p \\ensuremath{\\approx}",z, " (Log-rank)")) 

```
```{=tex}
}}
```

If show in your code `\\ensuremath{\\approx}` instead of just  `≈` is an issue, you can always make and fake input chunk with the options  `echo: true` and `eval: false` and then true input chunk with the contrary options.

笔记：如果你好奇为什么我有时{}在命令后使用不需要任何参数，这是因为当嵌入在 Quarto 文本中时，它比带有语法高亮的编辑器中的命令突出显示得更好，也有助于 LaTeX-markdown 识别算法（有时在它们没有分解为明确的块时会失败{=tex}）{=latex} ，或者防止在某些宏之后丢失空格\LaTeX。

相关内容