以下代码生成该表：
\begin{table}[]
\centering
\caption{Descriptive Statistics by Size and ESG Consensus Quartiles}
\label{tab:my-table}
\begin{tabular}{lrrrrlrrrr}
\hline
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{} \\ % Empty line
\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Size\\ Quartile\end{tabular}}} &
\multicolumn{9}{c}{\textbf{ESG Consensus Quartile}} \\ \cline{2-10}
&
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Low}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{3}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{High}} &
\multicolumn{1}{r}{\textbf{}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Low}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{3}} &
\textbf{High} \\ \hline
&
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\textbf{Average Firm Size}} &
&
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\textbf{Average ESG Disagreement}} \\ \cline{2-5} \cline{7-10}
\textbf{Small} &
655 &
885 &
870 &
322 &
&
16 &
17 &
14 &
11 \\
\textbf{2} &
2197 &
2022 &
2059 &
3489 &
&
13 &
20 &
20 &
23 \\
\textbf{3} &
5799 &
5389 &
5830 &
5265 &
&
15 &
24 &
23 &
27 \\
\textbf{Big} &
13543 &
10511 &
20058 &
27884 &
&
20 &
23 &
32 &
29 \\
&
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\textbf{Average ESG Consensus}} &
\textbf{} &
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\textbf{Number of Observations}} \\ \cline{2-5} \cline{7-10}
\textbf{Small} &
21 &
35 &
48 &
59 &
&
966 &
839 &
307 &
86 \\
\textbf{2} &
21 &
36 &
49 &
64 &
&
653 &
688 &
649 &
170 \\
\textbf{3} &
22 &
34 &
50 &
68 &
&
487 &
501 &
621 &
540 \\
\textbf{Big} &
20 &
37 &
53 &
69 &
&
66 &
132 &
572 &
1318 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
最后两列之间的间隙太大了。我尝试了各种方法来对齐列宽（例如，使用 siunitx 包中的 S 列类型：S[table-format=5.0]，或使用 tabularx 包），但都不起作用。我还认为一定有一种“更简单”的方法来解决这个问题。
答案1
我建议使用booktabs提供缩短行的方法的包\cmidrule。这样，您无需添加无用的附加列：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{booktabs, array}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\centering\small
\caption{Descriptive Statistics by Size and ESG Consensus Quartiles}
\label{tab:my-table}
\begin{tabular}{ l *{8}{>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{0.85cm}} }
\toprule
\\ % Empty line
&
\multicolumn{8}{c}{\textbf{ESG Consensus Quartile}} \\
\cmidrule{2-9}
\multirow{-2}{*}{\parbox{1.45cm}{\textbf{Size \\ Quartile}}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Low}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{3}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{High}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Low}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{3}} &
\textbf{High} \\
\midrule
&
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\textbf{Average Firm Size}} &
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\textbf{Average ESG Disagreement}} \\
\cmidrule(r){2-5} \cmidrule(l){6-9}
\textbf{Small} & 655 & 885 & 870 & 322 & 16 & 17 & 14 & 11 \\
\textbf{2} & 2197 & 2022 & 2059 & 3489 & 13 & 20 & 20 & 23 \\
\textbf{3} & 5799 & 5389 & 5830 & 5265 & 15 & 24 & 23 & 27 \\
\textbf{Big} & 13543 & 10511 & 20058 & 27884 & 20 & 23 & 32 & 29 \\
&
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\textbf{Average ESG Consensus}} &
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\textbf{Number of Observations}} \\
\cmidrule(r){2-5} \cmidrule(l){6-9}
\textbf{Small} & 21 & 35 & 48 & 59 & 966 & 839 & 307 & 86 \\
\textbf{2} & 21 & 36 & 49 & 64 & 653 & 688 & 649 & 170 \\
\textbf{3} & 22 & 34 & 50 & 68 & 487 & 501 & 621 & 540 \\
\textbf{Big} & 20 & 37 & 53 & 69 & 66 & 132 & 572 & 1318 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}
您还可以简单地使用@{5pt}列定义在列之间添加一些空间：l rrrr @{5pt} rrrr而无需引入额外的列。
但是，请注意，r列的宽度只能与其内容一样宽，这可能不是最佳选择，因为在我看来，同样宽度的列在此表中看起来更好。
答案2
- 看起来您使用某些表格生成工具来生成表格代码，因此表格代码非常混乱
\multicolumn。 - 使用
tabularray包表后，代码变得更加简洁和清晰。 - 对于列格式，我将使用
siunitx。使用数字可以在单元格中居中但右对齐：
\documentclass{article}
%--------------- show page layout. don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%
\usepackage{lipsum} % for dummy text
%---------------------------------------------------------------%
\usepackage[skip=1ex]{caption}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs, siunitx}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htb]
\caption{Descriptive Statistics by Size and ESG Consensus Quartiles}
\label{tab:my-table}
\begin{tblr}{colspec = {@{} Q[r, font=\bfseries]
*{4}{X[c,si={table-format=5.0}]}
*{3}{X[c,si={table-format=3.0}]}
X[c,si={table-format=4.0}]
@{}},
colsep = 4pt,
cell{1}{1} = {r=2}{},
cell{1}{2} = {c=8}{font=\bfseries},
cell{3,8}{2,6} = {c=4}{guard, font=\bfseries},
row{1,2} = {guard, font=\bfseries}
}
\toprule
{Size \\ Quartile}
& ESG Consensus Quartile
& & & & & & & \\
\midrule
& Low & 2 & 3 & High & Low & 2 & 3 & Hig \\
\midrule
& Average Firm Size
& & & & Average ESG Disagreement
& & & \\
\cmidrule[r]{2-5} \cmidrule[l]{6-9}
Small & 655 & 885 & 870 & 322 & 16 & 17 & 14 & 11 \\
2 & 2197 & 2022 & 2059 & 3489 & 13 & 20 & 20 & 23 \\
3 & 5799 & 5389 & 5830 & 5265 & 15 & 24 & 23 & 27 \\
Big & 13543 & 10511 & 20058 & 27884 & 20 & 23 & 32 & 29 \\
& Average ESG Consensus
& & & & Number of Observations
& & & \\
\cmidrule[r]{2-5} \cmidrule[l]{6-9}
Small & 21 & 35 & 48 & 59 & 966 & 839 & 307 & 86 \\
2 & 21 & 36 & 49 & 64 & 653 & 688 & 649 & 170 \\
3 & 22 & 34 & 50 & 68 & 487 & 501 & 621 & 540 \\
Big & 20 & 37 & 53 & 69 & 66 & 132 & 572 & 1318 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tblr}
\end{table}
\end{document}
（红线表示页面布局）
答案3
两个建议：将八个数据列中的数字与其隐含的小数位标记对齐，并去掉大胆的在标题行和左侧列中。
\documentclass{article} % or some other suitable document class
\usepackage{booktabs} % for well-spaced horizontal rules
\usepackage{amsmath} % for '\smash[b]' macro
\usepackage[group-digits=false]{siunitx} % for 'S' column type
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[ht]
\centering
\caption{Descriptive statistics by size and ESG consensus quartiles}
\label{tab:my-table}
\smallskip
\begin{tabular}{@{}
l
*{4}{S[table-format=5.0]}
*{3}{S[table-format=3.0]}
S[table-format=4.0]
@{}}
\toprule
\smash[b]{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}} Size \\ quartile \end{tabular}} &
\multicolumn{8}{c@{}}{ESG consensus quartile} \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-5} \cmidrule(l){6-9}
& {Low} & {2} & {3} & {High} & {Low} & {2} & {3} & {High} \\
\midrule
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Avg.\ firm size}
& \multicolumn{4}{c@{}}{Avg.\ ESG disagreement} \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-5} \cmidrule(l){6-9}
Small & 655 & 885 & 870 & 322 & 16 & 17 & 14 & 11 \\
2 & 2197 & 2022 & 2059 & 3489 & 13 & 20 & 20 & 23 \\
3 & 5799 & 5389 & 5830 & 5265 & 15 & 24 & 23 & 27 \\
Big & 13543 & 10511 & 20058 & 27884 & 20 & 23 & 32 & 29 \\
\addlinespace
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Avg.\ ESG consensus}
& \multicolumn{4}{c@{}}{Number of obs.} \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-5} \cmidrule(l){6-9}
Small & 21 & 35 & 48 & 59 & 966 & 839 & 307 & 86 \\
2 & 21 & 36 & 49 & 64 & 653 & 688 & 649 & 170 \\
3 & 22 & 34 & 50 & 68 & 487 & 501 & 621 & 540 \\
Big & 20 & 37 & 53 & 69 & 66 & 132 & 572 & 1318 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案4
显然，“平均 ESG 分歧”太宽了。将这么长的副标题分成两行。使用 可获得相等的大小siunitx。
还请注意我如何定义\splitcell以便于输入。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htp]
% a local command
\newcommand{\splitcell}[2][c]{\begin{tabular}[#1]{@{}c@{}}#2\end{tabular}}
\sisetup{group-digits=none}
\centering
\caption{Descriptive Statistics by Size and ESG Consensus Quartiles}
\label{tab:my-table}
\begin{tabular}{
@{}
l
*{4}{S[table-format=5.0]}
@{\qquad}
*{4}{S[table-format=4.0]}
@{}
}
\toprule
\bfseries\smash{\splitcell[t]{Size \\ Quartile}}
& \multicolumn{8}{c@{}}{\textbf{ESG Consensus Quartile}} \\
\cmidrule(l){2-9}
&
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Low}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{3}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c@{\qquad}}{\textbf{High}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Low}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{2}} &
\multicolumn{1}{c@{}}{\textbf{3}} &
\textbf{High} \\
\midrule
&
\multicolumn{4}{c@{\qquad}}{\bfseries\splitcell{Average \\ Firm Size}} &
\multicolumn{4}{c@{}}{\bfseries\splitcell{Average ESG \\ Disagreement}} \\
\cmidrule(lr{2em}){2-5} \cmidrule(l){6-9}
\textbf{Small} &
655 &
885 &
870 &
322 &
16 &
17 &
14 &
11 \\
\textbf{2} &
2197 &
2022 &
2059 &
3489 &
13 &
20 &
20 &
23 \\
\textbf{3} &
5799 &
5389 &
5830 &
5265 &
15 &
24 &
23 &
27 \\
\textbf{Big} &
13543 &
10511 &
20058 &
27884 &
20 &
23 &
32 &
29 \\
\midrule
&
\multicolumn{4}{c@{\qquad}}{\bfseries\splitcell{Average ESG \\ Consensus}} &
\multicolumn{4}{c@{}}{\bfseries\splitcell{Number of \\ Observations}} \\
\cmidrule(lr{2em}){2-5} \cmidrule(l){6-9}
\textbf{Small} &
21 &
35 &
48 &
59 &
966 &
839 &
307 &
86 \\
\textbf{2} &
21 &
36 &
49 &
64 &
653 &
688 &
649 &
170 \\
\textbf{3} &
22 &
34 &
50 &
68 &
487 &
501 &
621 &
540 \\
\textbf{Big} &
20 &
37 &
53 &
69 &
66 &
132 &
572 &
1318 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}
