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在 Overleaf 中使用 Tikz 详细绘制函数

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在 Overleaf 中使用 Tikz 详细绘制函数

我使用以下代码创建了 3 个图形：

\documentclass[12pt]{exam}
\usepackage[a4paper, left=2.00cm, right=2.00cm, top=2.00cm, bottom=3.00cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[spanish]{babel}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[x11names]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage[colorlinks=false]{hyperref}
\usepackage{tocloft}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{babel}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \draw[->] (-0.3, 0) -- (3.3, 0) node[right] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[->] (0, -0.3) -- (0, 2.5) node[above] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[thick, domain=0.5:2.8, smooth, variable=\x, blue] plot ({\x}, {sin(2*\x r) + 1.2});
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (0.5, 0) edge (0.5, 2) node[anchor=north] {$\alpha$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (2.8, 0) edge (2.8, 0.5) node[anchor=north] {$\beta$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = red] (0.5, 2.05) edge (2.8, 2.05) node[anchor=north] {};
    \path[-, dashed, color = red] (2.8, 2.05) edge (2.8, 0.55) node[anchor=north] {};
    \shade[ball color = red] (0.5, 2.05) circle (2pt);
    \fill[OrangeRed1, opacity = 0.15] (0.5, 0) rectangle (2.8, 2.05);
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \draw[->] (-0.3, 0) -- (3.3, 0) node[right] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[->] (0, -0.3) -- (0, 2.5) node[above] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[thick, domain=0.5:2.8, smooth, variable=\x, blue] plot ({\x}, {sin(2*\x r) + 1.2});
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (0.5, 0) edge (0.5, 2) node[anchor=north] {$\alpha$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (2.8, 0) edge (2.8, 0.5) node[anchor=north] {$\beta$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = red] (0.5, 0.55) edge (2.8, 0.55) node[anchor=north] {};
    \shade[ball color = red] (2.8, 0.55) circle (2pt);
    \fill[OrangeRed1, opacity = 0.15] (0.5, 0) rectangle (2.8, 0.55);
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \draw[->] (-0.3, 0) -- (3.3, 0) node[right] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[->] (0, -0.3) -- (0, 2.5) node[above] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[thick, domain=0.5:2.8, smooth, variable=\x, blue] plot ({\x}, {sin(2*\x r) + 1.2});
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (0.5, 0) edge (0.5, 2) node[anchor=north] {$\alpha$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (2.8, 0) edge (2.8, 0.5) node[anchor=north] {$\beta$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (1.65, 0) edge (1.65, 1.05) node[anchor=north] {$\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2}$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = red] (0.5, 1.05) edge (2.8, 1.05) node[anchor=north] {};
    \path[-, dashed, color = red] (2.8, 1.05) edge (2.8, 0.55) node[anchor=north] {};
    \shade[ball color = red] (1.65, 1.05) circle (2pt);
    \fill[OrangeRed1, opacity = 0.15] (0.5, 0) rectangle (2.8, 1.05);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述 但是，我想让这三个图形垂直对齐，并在它们下面添加一些文本，如下例所示： 在此处输入图片描述

我该怎么做？提前致谢

答案1

您可以通过为 TikZ 图片指定基线来对齐图的 x 轴。这样，您就不必担心它们的大小是否不同，并且它们的横坐标将自动对齐（如果只是将它们底部对齐，则不会出现这种情况，就像通常的子图包所做的那样）：

\documentclass[12pt]{exam}
\usepackage[a4paper, left=2.00cm, right=2.00cm, top=2.00cm, bottom=3.00cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[spanish]{babel}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[x11names]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{tocloft}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{babel}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage[colorlinks=false]{hyperref}

\tikzset{mynode/.style={anchor=center,yshift=-2ex}}

\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\hfill\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline={(0,0)}]
    \draw[->] (-0.3, 0) -- (3.3, 0) node[right] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[->] (0, -0.3) -- (0, 2.5) node[above] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[thick, domain=0.5:2.8, smooth, variable=\x, blue] plot ({\x}, {sin(2*\x r) + 1.2});
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (0.5, 0) edge (0.5, 2) node[mynode] {$\alpha$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (2.8, 0) edge (2.8, 0.5) node[mynode] {$\beta$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = red] (0.5, 2.05) edge (2.8, 2.05);
    \path[-, dashed, color = red] (2.8, 2.05) edge (2.8, 0.55);
    \shade[ball color = red] (0.5, 2.05) circle (2pt);
    \fill[OrangeRed1, opacity = 0.15] (0.5, 0) rectangle (2.8, 2.05);
\end{tikzpicture}%
\hfill\hfill
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline={(0,0)}]
    \draw[->] (-0.3, 0) -- (3.3, 0) node[right] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[->] (0, -0.3) -- (0, 2.5) node[above] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[thick, domain=0.5:2.8, smooth, variable=\x, blue] plot ({\x}, {sin(2*\x r) + 1.2});
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (0.5, 0) edge (0.5, 2) node[mynode] {$\alpha$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (2.8, 0) edge (2.8, 0.5) node[mynode] {$\beta$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = red] (0.5, 0.55) edge (2.8, 0.55);
    \shade[ball color = red] (2.8, 0.55) circle (2pt);
    \fill[OrangeRed1, opacity = 0.15] (0.5, 0) rectangle (2.8, 0.55);
\end{tikzpicture}%
\hfill\hfill
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline={(0,0)}]
    \draw[->] (-0.3, 0) -- (3.3, 0) node[right] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[->] (0, -0.3) -- (0, 2.5) node[above] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[thick, domain=0.5:2.8, smooth, variable=\x, blue] plot ({\x}, {sin(2*\x r) + 1.2});
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (0.5, 0) edge (0.5, 2) node[mynode] {$\alpha$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (2.8, 0) edge (2.8, 0.5) node[mynode] {$\beta$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (1.65, 0) edge (1.65, 1.05) node[mynode] {$\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2}$};
    \path[-, dashed, color = red] (0.5, 1.05) edge (2.8, 1.05);
    \path[-, dashed, color = red] (2.8, 1.05) edge (2.8, 0.55);
    \shade[ball color = red] (1.65, 1.05) circle (2pt);
    \fill[OrangeRed1, opacity = 0.15] (0.5, 0) rectangle (2.8, 1.05);
\end{tikzpicture}\hfill\mbox{}%

\subcaptionbox{A cat}{\hspace{.33\linewidth}}%
\subcaptionbox{A cat}{\hspace{.33\linewidth}}%
\subcaptionbox{A cat}{\hspace{.33\linewidth}}%
\end{figure}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

就像这样？

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[x11names]{xcolor}
\usepackage{amssymb}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \draw[->] (-0.3, 0) -- (3.3, 0) node[right] {$\mathbb{R}$};
        \draw[->] (0, -0.3) -- (0, 2.5) node[above] {$\mathbb{R}$};
        \draw[thick, domain=0.5:2.8, smooth, variable=\x, blue] plot ({\x}, {sin(2*\x r) + 1.2});
        \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (0.5, 0) edge (0.5, 2) node[anchor=north] {$\alpha$};
        \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (2.8, 0) edge (2.8, 0.5) node[anchor=north] {$\beta$};
        \path[-, dashed, color = red] (0.5, 2.05) edge (2.8, 2.05) node[anchor=north] {};
        \path[-, dashed, color = red] (2.8, 2.05) edge (2.8, 0.55) node[anchor=north] {};
        \shade[ball color = red] (0.5, 2.05) circle (2pt);
        \fill[OrangeRed1, opacity = 0.15] (0.5, 0) rectangle (2.8, 2.05);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{Caption for the first graphic.}
    \label{fig:sub1}
  \end{subfigure}
  \hfill
  \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \draw[->] (-0.3, 0) -- (3.3, 0) node[right] {$\mathbb{R}$};
        \draw[->] (0, -0.3) -- (0, 2.5) node[above] {$\mathbb{R}$};
        \draw[thick, domain=0.5:2.8, smooth, variable=\x, blue] plot ({\x}, {sin(2*\x r) + 1.2});
        \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (0.5, 0) edge (0.5, 2) node[anchor=north] {$\alpha$};
        \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (2.8, 0) edge (2.8, 0.5) node[anchor=north] {$\beta$};
        \path[-, dashed, color = red] (0.5, 0.55) edge (2.8, 0.55) node[anchor=north] {};
        \shade[ball color = red] (2.8, 0.55) circle (2pt);
        \fill[OrangeRed1, opacity = 0.15] (0.5, 0) rectangle (2.8, 0.55);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{Caption for the second graphic.}
    \label{fig:sub2}
  \end{subfigure}
  \hfill
  \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \draw[->] (-0.3, 0) -- (3.3, 0) node[right] {$\mathbb{R}$};
        \draw[->] (0, -0.3) -- (0, 2.5) node[above] {$\mathbb{R}$};
        \draw[thick, domain=0.5:2.8, smooth, variable=\x, blue] plot ({\x}, {sin(2*\x r) + 1.2});
        \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (0.5, 0) edge (0.5, 2) node[anchor=north] {$\alpha$};
        \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (2.8, 0) edge (2.8, 0.5) node[anchor=north] {$\beta$};
        \path[-, dashed, color = Green4] (1.65, 0) edge (1.65, 1.05) node[anchor=north] {$\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2}$};
        \path[-, dashed, color = red] (0.5, 1.05) edge (2.8, 1.05) node[anchor=north] {};
        \path[-, dashed, color = red] (2.8, 1.05) edge (2.8, 0.55) node[anchor=north] {};
        \shade[ball color = red] (1.65, 1.05) circle (2pt);
        \fill[OrangeRed1, opacity = 0.15] (0.5, 0) rectangle (2.8, 1.05);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{Caption for the third graphic.}
    \label{fig:sub3}
  \end{subfigure}
  \caption{Main caption for the three graphics.}
  \label{fig:main}
\end{figure}

Some text below the graphics.

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

您可以通过更改 的值来自定义每个子图的宽度0.3\textwidth。该\hfill命令水平分布子图。

答案3

重新绘制坐标，使得所有图像的高度相同：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[font=small, 
            justification=raggedright]{subcaption}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[x11names]{xcolor}
\usepackage{nccmath,amssymb}

\begin{document}
    \begin{figure}[htbp]
    \centering
\tikzset{
    tl/.style = {anchor=center, yshift=-2.4ex},
    ln/.style = {draw, color=#1, densely dashed},
  Ball/.style = {ball color = red},
        }
\newcommand\axis{
    \draw[->] (-0.2,0) -- (3.2, 0) node[right] {$\mathbb{R}$};
    \draw[->] (0,-0.8) + (0,0.6) -- (0, 2.5) node[above] {$\mathbb{R}$};
                }
\pgfmathsetmacro{\ya}{sin(2*0.5 r) + 1.2}           % 2*0.5 +1.2
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yb}{sin(2*2.8 r) + 1.2}           % 2*2.8  + 1-2
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yc}{sin(2*(0.5+2.8)/2  r) + 1.2}  % 2*(0.5+2.8)/2 +1.2
%%%% images
\subfloat[Caption for the first graphic.    \label{subfig:a}]%
{% 
    \begin{tikzpicture}
\axis
\draw[thick, blue, domain=0.5:2.8, samples=100] plot (\x, {sin(2*\x r) + 1.2});

\path[ln=Green4](0.5, 0) edge ++ (0,\ya) node[tl] {$\alpha$}
                (2.8, 0) edge ++ (0,\yb) node[tl] {$\beta$};
\path[ln=red]   (0.5, \ya)  -|  (2.8, \yb);
\shade[Ball]    (0.5, \ya) circle[radius=2pt];
\fill[OrangeRed1, opacity = 0.15] (0.5,0) rectangle (2.8, \ya);
    \end{tikzpicture}%
}\hfill
\subfloat[Caption for the second graphic.    \label{subfig:b}]%
{% 
    \begin{tikzpicture}
\axis
\draw[thick, blue, domain=0.5:2.8, samples=100] plot (\x, {sin(2*\x r) + 1.2});

\path[ln=Green4](0.5, 0) edge ++ (0,\ya) node[tl] {$\alpha$}
                (2.8, 0) edge ++ (0,\yb) node[tl] {$\beta$};
\path[ln=red]   (0.5, \yb)  --  (2.8, \yb);
\shade[Ball]    (2.8, \yb) circle[radius=2pt];
\fill[OrangeRed1, opacity = 0.15] (0.5,0) rectangle (2.8, \yb);
    \end{tikzpicture}%
}\hfill
\subfloat[Caption for the second graphic.    \label{subfig:c}]%
{% 
    \begin{tikzpicture}
\axis
\draw[thick, blue, domain=0.5:2.8, samples=100] plot (\x, {sin(2*\x r) + 1.2});

\path[ln=Green4](0.5, 0) edge ++ (0,\ya) node[tl] {$\alpha$}
                (2.8, 0) edge ++ (0,\yb) node[tl] {$\beta$}
                (1.65,0) edge ++ (0,\yc) node[tl] {$\mfrac{\alpha+\beta}{2}$};
\path[ln=red]   (0.5, \yc)  -|  (2.8, \yb);
\shade[Ball]    (1.65,\yc) circle[radius=2pt];
\fill[OrangeRed1, opacity = 0.15] (0.5,0) rectangle (2.8, \yc);
    \end{tikzpicture}%
}
\caption{Main caption for the three graphics.}
\label{fig:main}
    \end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

评论：
与您的和其他解决方案相比，上述 MWE 具有以下主要区别：

  • 定义绘制坐标系的命令（以便所有图像的高度相同），
  • 图像元素样式的通用定义
  • 定义用于计算图像中 y 坐标的宏，
  • 使用的环境与软件包版本 3.1 或更新版本\subfloat模拟的环境相同。subcaption

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