我懂基本的 LaTeX 我试图绘制一个类似于图中所示的框图,但我做不到。请建议任何绘制此类框图的简单方法。谢谢 这是我的代码。我无法从总和到状态估计器得出反馈。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,positioning,calc}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{
block/.style = {draw, fill=white, rectangle, minimum height=3em, minimum width=3em},
tmp/.style = {coordinate},
sum/.style= {draw, fill=white, circle, node distance=1cm},
input/.style = {coordinate},
output/.style= {coordinate},
pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={to-,thin,black}
}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=2cm,>=latex']
\node [input, name=rinput] (rinput) {};
\node [sum, right of=rinput] (sum1) {};
\node [block, right of=sum1] (controller) {$k$};
\node [block, above of=controller,node distance=2cm] (up){$A,B$};
\node [block, right of=controller] (esti)
{$estimator$};
\node [block, above of=esti,node distance=2cm] (extra){$C$};
\node [output, right of=extra, node distance=2cm] (output) {};
\draw [->] (rinput) -- node{$R(s)$} (sum1);
\draw [->] (sum1)|- node[name=z,anchor=north]{$u(k)$}(up);
\draw [->] (up) -- node{$x(k)$} (extra);
\draw [->] (extra) -- node [name=y] {$Y(s)$}(output);
\draw [->] (y) |- (esti);
\draw [->] (esti)--node{$n(k)$}(controller);
\draw [->] (controller)--(sum1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
我的新代码
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,positioning,calc}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{
block/.style = {draw, fill=white, rectangle, minimum height=3em, minimum width=3em},
tmp/.style = {coordinate},
sum/.style= {draw, fill=white, circle, node distance=1cm},
input/.style = {coordinate},
output/.style= {coordinate},
pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={to-,thin,black}
},
point/.style = {draw, fill=black, circle, minimum size=0.8mm, node distance=1.5cm, inner sep=0pt},
}
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=2cm,>=latex']
\node [input, name=rinput] (rinput) {};
\node [sum, right of=rinput] (sum1) {};
\node [block, right of=sum1] (controller) {$k$};
\node [block, above of=controller,node distance=2cm] (up){$A,B$};
\node [block, right of=controller] (esti)
{$estimator$};
\node [block, above of=esti,node distance=2cm] (extra){$C$};
\node [output, right of=extra, node distance=2cm] (output) {};
\node [point, above =1cm of sum1] (point0){};
\draw [->] (rinput) -- node{$R(s)$} (sum1);
\draw [->] (sum1)|- node[name=z,anchor=north]{$u(k)$}(up);
\draw [->] (up) -- node{$x(k)$} (extra);
\draw [->] (extra) -- node [name=y] {$Y(s)$}(output);
\draw [->] (y) |- (esti);
\draw [->] (esti)--node{$n(k)$}(controller);
\draw [->] (controller)--(sum1);
% \draw [->] (point0) -| node{} ([xshift=2cm]esti);
% \draw [->] (point0) -- (output |- point0) |- ([yshift=0.5cm] esti);
\draw [->] (point0) -- (output |- point0) |- ([yshift=0.5cm] esti);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
\end{document}
答案1
[已编辑按照评论中的要求添加围绕节点组和坐标的节点。
像这样?请注意,大部分整理工作是通过使用positioning
语法<direction>=of ...
代替 来完成的<direction> of=...
。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,positioning,fit}
\begin{document}
\newlength\estilength
\settowidth\estilength{$estimator$}
\tikzset{
block/.style = {draw, fill=white, rectangle, minimum height=3em, minimum width=3em,text width=\estilength,align=center},
tmp/.style = {coordinate},
sum/.style= {draw, fill=white, circle, node distance=1cm},
input/.style = {coordinate},
output/.style= {coordinate},
pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={to-,thin,black}
},
point/.style = {draw, fill=black, circle, minimum size=0.8mm, node distance=1.5cm, inner sep=0pt},
dashed node/.style={draw,dashed,inner sep=7.5pt,rounded corners},
}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=15mm,>=latex']
\node [input, name=rinput] (rinput) {};
\node [sum, right=25mm of rinput] (sum1) {};
\node [block, right=of sum1] (controller) {$k$};
\node [block, above=of controller] (up){$A,B$};
\node [block, right=of controller] (esti) {$estimator$};
\node [block] (extra) at (esti |- up){$C$};
\node [output, right=25mm of extra] (output) {};
\node [point, above=1cm of sum1] (point0){};
\draw [->] (rinput) -- node{$R(s)$} (sum1);
\draw [->] (sum1)|- node[name=z,midway]{$u(k)$}(up);
\draw [->] (up) -- node{$x(k)$} (extra);
\draw [->] (extra) -- node [name=y] {$Y(s)$}(output);
\draw [->] (y) |- (esti);
\draw [->] (esti)--node{$n(k)$}(controller);
\draw [->] (controller)--(sum1);
\draw [->] (point0) -- ([xshift=10pt]esti.east |- point0) |- ([yshift=0.5cm] esti) coordinate [midway] (c1);
\coordinate [xshift=-2.5pt] (c2) at (sum1.south west);
\node (f1) [dashed node,fit=(esti) (c2) (controller) (point0) (c1) (sum1)] {};
\node [dashed node,fit=(extra) (up) (extra -| c2) (up -| c1)] {};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
@cfr +1 的优秀答案有一点点变化——增加了彩色背景,并稍微移动了入口点node[xshift=-1em]
\draw [->] (rinput) -- node[xshift=-1em]{$R(s)$} (sum1);
和
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
% Draw background box.
\node[fill=yellow!90!black,thick,draw=gray,rounded corners=2mm, inner xsep=1em, inner ysep=1em] (background) [fit = (z) (extra) ] {};
\node[fill=green!50,thick,draw=gray,rounded corners=2mm, inner xsep=1.7em, inner ysep=.5em, xshift=-.5em] (background) [fit = (point0) (esti) ] {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
输出
平均能量损失
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,positioning,calc}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,fit,decorations.pathreplacing}
\begin{document}
\newlength\estilength
\settowidth\estilength{$estimator$}
\tikzset{
block/.style = {draw, fill=brown!10, rectangle, minimum height=3em, minimum width=3em,text width=\estilength,align=center},
tmp/.style = {coordinate},
sum/.style= {draw, fill=white, circle, node distance=1cm},
input/.style = {coordinate},
output/.style= {coordinate},
pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={to-,thin,black}
},
point/.style = {draw, fill=black, circle, minimum size=0.8mm, node distance=1.5cm, inner sep=0pt},
}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=2cm,>=latex']
\node [input, name=rinput] (rinput) {};
\node [sum, right=2cm of rinput] (sum1) {};
\node [block, right=of sum1] (controller) {$k$};
\node [block, above=15mm of controller] (up){$A,B$};
\node [block, right=of controller] (esti) {$estimator$};
\node [block] (extra) at (esti |- up){$C$};
\node [output, right=of extra] (output) {};
\node [point, above=1cm of sum1] (point0){};
\draw [->] (rinput) -- node[xshift=-1em]{$R(s)$} (sum1);
\draw [->] (sum1)|- node[name=z,midway]{$u(k)$}(up);
\draw [->] (up) -- node{$x(k)$} (extra);
\draw [->] (extra) -- node [name=y] {$Y(s)$}(output);
\draw [->] (y) |- (esti);
\draw [->] (esti)--node{$n(k)$}(controller);
\draw [->] (controller)--(sum1);
\draw [->] (point0) -- ([xshift=10pt]esti.east |- point0) |- ([yshift=0.5cm] esti);
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
% Draw background box.
\node[fill=yellow!90!black,thick,draw=gray,rounded corners=2mm, inner xsep=1em, inner ysep=1em] (background) [fit = (z) (extra) ] {};
\node[fill=green!50,thick,draw=gray,rounded corners=2mm, inner xsep=1.7em, inner ysep=.5em, xshift=-.5em] (background) [fit = (point0) (esti) ] {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
编辑
按照原帖要求,使用虚线
平均能量损失
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,positioning,calc}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,fit,decorations.pathreplacing}
\begin{document}
\newlength\estilength
\settowidth\estilength{$estimator$}
\tikzset{
block/.style = {draw, fill=brown!10, rectangle, minimum height=3em, minimum width=3em,text width=\estilength,align=center},
tmp/.style = {coordinate},
sum/.style= {draw, fill=white, circle, node distance=1cm},
input/.style = {coordinate},
output/.style= {coordinate},
pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={to-,thin,black}
},
point/.style = {draw, fill=black, circle, minimum size=0.8mm, node distance=1.5cm, inner sep=0pt},
}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=2cm,>=latex']
\node [input, name=rinput] (rinput) {};
\node [sum, right=2cm of rinput] (sum1) {};
\node [block, right=of sum1] (controller) {$k$};
\node [block, above=15mm of controller] (up){$A,B$};
\node [block, right=of controller] (esti) {$estimator$};
\node [block] (extra) at (esti |- up){$C$};
\node [output, right=of extra] (output) {};
\node [point, above=1cm of sum1] (point0){};
\draw [->] (rinput) -- node[xshift=-1em]{$R(s)$} (sum1);
\draw [->] (sum1)|- node[name=z,midway]{$u(k)$}(up);
\draw [->] (up) -- node{$x(k)$} (extra);
\draw [->] (extra) -- node [name=y] {$Y(s)$}(output);
\draw [->] (y) |- (esti);
\draw [->] (esti)--node{$n(k)$}(controller);
\draw [->] (controller)--(sum1);
\draw [->] (point0) -- ([xshift=10pt]esti.east |- point0) |- ([yshift=0.5cm] esti);
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
% Draw background box.
\node[fill=yellow!90!black,thick,dashed, draw=gray,rounded corners=2mm, inner xsep=1em, inner ysep=1em] (background) [fit = (z) (extra) ] {};
\node[fill=green!50,thick,draw=gray,dashed, rounded corners=2mm, inner xsep=1.7em, inner ysep=.5em, xshift=-.5em] (background) [fit = (point0) (esti) ] {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案3
经过(小小的)努力,代码变得tikzpicture
更简洁。为此,使用了以下包arrows.meta
(用于更漂亮的箭头)、ext.paths.ortho
(用于两个正交箭头)、fit
(用于框周围的虚线节点)、positioning
(用于节点放置)和quotes
(用于大多数边缘标签):
\documentclass[margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
ext.paths.ortho, % defined in the tikz-ext package
% now possible with Console MiKTeX
fit,
positioning,
quotes}
\begin{document}
\newlength\estilength
\settowidth\estilength{$estimator$}
\tikzset{
arr/.style = {-Stealth},
box/.style = {draw, semithick, minimum height=3em, text width=\estilength, align=center},
sum/.style = {circle, draw, semithick},
dot/.style = {circle, fill=black, inner sep=2pt, outer sep=0pt},
FIT/.style = {draw, dashed, rounded corners,
inner sep=2em, xshift=1em,
fit=#1},
every edge/.append style = {draw, arr}
}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto,
node distance = 17mm and 17mm
]
\coordinate (rin);
\node (sum1) [sum, right=of rin] {};
\node (cntr) [box, right=of sum1] {$k$};
\node (esti) [box, right=of cntr] {\emph{estimator}};
\node (up) [box, above=of cntr] {$A,B$};
\node (extra) [box, right=of up] {$C$};
\node (dot) [right=of extra,
dot, label = $Y(s)$] {};
\coordinate[right=of dot] (out);
\node[FIT=(sum1) (esti)] {};
\node[FIT=(sum1.west |- up) (extra)] {};
% arrows
\draw (rin) edge ["$R(s)$"] (sum1)
(up) edge ["$x(k)$"] (extra)
(cntr) edge (sum1)
(extra) edge (out)
(esti) edge ["$n(k)$"] (cntr);
\draw [arr] (sum1) |- (up) node [pos=0.5, above] {$u(k)$};
\draw [arr] (sum1.north) -- ++ (0,9mm) node[dot] {}
r-rl (esti.15);
\draw [arr] (dot) |- (esti);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}