答案1
我会采用下面的第一个例子:人们期望数字总是在同一边。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{lipsum} % for context
\newcommand{\iplus}{\underset{+}{i}}
\newcommand{\ipluss}{\smash[b]{\underset{+}{i}}\vphantom{j}}
\newcommand{\iminus}{\underset{-}{i}}
\newcommand{\iminuss}{\smash[b]{\underset{-}{i}}\vphantom{j}}
\begin{document}
\setcounter{equation}{9}% just to get 10a and 10b
\lipsum[1][1-4]
\begin{subequations}
\[
\hspace{0pt}
\begin{minipage}{0.45\displaywidth}\noindent
\begin{equation}
\left\{
\begin{aligned}
\vphantom{\iplus}
A^{\ipluss}_{\hphantom{\iplus};k} &= A^{i}_{\hphantom{i};k}+A^{s}\Gamma^{i}_{sk} \\
\vphantom{\iplus}
A^{\iminuss}_{\hphantom{\iminus};k} &= A^{i}_{\hphantom{i};k}+A^{s}\Gamma^{i}_{ks}
\end{aligned}
\right.
\end{equation}
\end{minipage}\hspace{1000pt minus 1fill}
\begin{minipage}{0.45\displaywidth}\noindent
\begin{equation}
\left\{
\begin{aligned}
A_{\iplus;k} &= A_{i;k}-A_{s}\Gamma^{i}_{ik} \\
A_{\iminus;k} &= A_{i;k}-A^{s}\Gamma^{i}_{ki}
\end{aligned}
\right.
\end{equation}
\end{minipage}
\]
\end{subequations}
\lipsum[2][1-4]
\begin{subequations}
\[
\refstepcounter{equation}
(\theequation)\quad
\begin{gathered}
\left\{
\begin{aligned}
\vphantom{\iplus}
A^{\ipluss}_{\hphantom{\iplus};k} &= A^{i}_{\hphantom{i};k}+A^{s}\Gamma^{i}_{sk} \\
\vphantom{\iplus}
A^{\iminuss}_{\hphantom{\iminus};k} &= A^{i}_{\hphantom{i};k}+A^{s}\Gamma^{i}_{ks}
\end{aligned}
\right.
\end{gathered}
\qquad\qquad
\begin{gathered}
\left.
\begin{aligned}
A_{\iplus;k} &= A_{i;k}-A_{s}\Gamma^{i}_{ik} \\
A_{\iminus;k} &= A_{i;k}-A^{s}\Gamma^{i}_{ki}
\end{aligned}
\right\}
\end{gathered}
\refstepcounter{equation}
\quad(\theequation)
\]
\end{subequations}
\lipsum[3][1-4]
\end{document}
如果符号下方不应有其他内容(当符号为上标时),则使用\ipluss
和来降低高度。我使用了其他各种技巧来均衡括号。\iminuss