我的问题来自于 JansthcirlU 提出的问题以及 Marijn 的回答（将方程式转换为图像）。我盲目地复制了 Marijn 的第一个 MWE，它在 Overleaf 上运行完美。但由于编译超时，我无法在 Overleaf 上将它用于我自己的项目，因此我尝试在本地安装（TexLive 2023 + TexMaker）上使用，结果出现以下错误：
LaTeX 警告：在输入行 53 中未找到文件“{main-figure0}.png”。！包 pdftex.def 错误：未找到文件“main-figure0.png”：使用草稿设置。
方程式可以很好地转换为 pdf，但 pdf 无法转换为 png，并且每个方程式都有 4 个不同的文件：.dpth、.md5和。正如 Marijn 所说，由于我使用的是 Windows，因此我在 MWE 中替换了和，但.log仍然不起作用。我还安装了最新的 ImageMagick 版本，当我在 Windows 的 cmd 中输入时，我得到了正确的路径。.pdfrm -fdelconvertmagickwhere magick
您认为问题是什么？
编辑 1：这是我的.log 文件的内容：
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[1
{c:/texlive/2023/texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] (./main.aux)
***********
LaTeX2e <2023-11-01> patch level 1
L3 programming layer <2024-02-20>
***********
)
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
13144 strings out of 474136
272862 string characters out of 5748496
1927190 words of memory out of 5000000
35268 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
559296 words of font info for 41 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
102i,5n,107p,541b,241s stack positions out of 10000i,1000n,20000p,200000b,200000s
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Output written on main.pdf (1 page, 57436 bytes).
PDF statistics:
36 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)
22 compressed objects within 1 object stream
0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000)
13 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000)
编辑 2：我已部分解决了该问题。似乎需要 Ghostscript 才能栅格化矢量文件（例如 PDF（https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32466112/imagemagick-convert-pdf-to-jpeg-failedtoexecutecommand-gswin32c-exe-pdfdel）。现在，当我尝试在 cmd 中手动转换 .pdf 方程式（例如 main-figure0.pdf）时magick -density 300 "main-figure0.pdf" "main-figure0.png"，它可以正常工作。但 MWE 仍然不起作用，因此似乎magick无法在 LaTex 脚本中执行该命令，我不知道为什么。但是，当我手动将 .pdf 文件转换为 .png 文件时，脚本运行顺利。这是实际的 MWE，经过修改后可以在 Windows 上运行：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize
\tikzset{%
% Add size information to the .dpth file (png is in density not size)
/pgf/images/external info,
% Use the png export AND the import
use png/.style={png export,png import},
png export/.style={
external/system call=%
{pdflatex \tikzexternalcheckshellescape -halt-on-error -interaction=batchmode -jobname "\image" "\texsource";%
magick -density 300 "\image.pdf" "\image.png"; del "\image.pdf"},
},
png import/.code={%
\tikzset{%
/pgf/images/include external/.code={%
% Here you can alter to whatever you want
% \pgfexternalwidth is only available if /pgf/images/external info
% is set
\includegraphics%
[width=\pgfexternalwidth,height=\pgfexternalheight]%
{{##1}.png}%
}%
}%
}%
}
\newcounter{pngeq}
\setcounter{pngeq}{0}
\newcommand{\pngequation}[1]{%
\tikzset{use png}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node (eq) {
\hspace{-1.1\parindent}\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}%
\setcounter{equation}{\number\value{pngeq}}
\begin{equation}
#1
\end{equation}
\end{minipage}
};
\end{tikzpicture}%
\stepcounter{pngeq}
}
\begin{document}
\section{Linear equation through a point given its gradient}
A very simple differential equation is to find a linear equation through a particular point $P(x_i,y_i)$ given its gradient $k_i$ (or more commonly used for lines, its slope).
\pngequation{
\frac{dy}{dx} = k_i \iff \int dy = \int k_i \cdot dx \iff y = k_i \cdot x + C
}
Plug in the initial conditions to find the particular value of the constant of integration $C$.
\pngequation{
\frac{dy}{dx} = k_i \iff \int dy = \int k_i \cdot dx \iff y = k_i \cdot x + C'
}
\end{document}
如果有人能发现为什么脚本不想将 .pdf 文件转换为 .png 文件，我洗耳恭听。