我从乳胶代码中提取了以下内容来定义几个方程式：
\begin{equation}
\min C = \sum_{t=0}^{Z} (x_t \cdot P^{HPmax} + P_t^{DemandEl}) \cdot \Delta t \cdot p_t \label{eq:objective_function}
\end{equation}
subject to:
\begin{align}
&T^{min} \leq T^{Building}_t \leq T^{max} \label{eq:temperature_balance} \\
&T^{Building}_t = T^{Building}_{t-1} + \frac{Q_t^{HP} - Q_t^{DemandSH} - Q_t^{LossesSH}}{V^{UFH} \cdot \rho^{Concrete} \cdot c^{Concrete}} \label{eq:temperature_difference_equation} \\
&Q_t^{HP} = x_t \cdot P^{HPmax} \cdot COP_t \cdot \Delta t \label{eq:heating_energy_HP} \\
&h^{switchedOff}_t \leq h^{on}_{t-1} \label{eq:hp_switched_off_1} \\
&h^{switchedOff}_t \leq 1 - h^{on}_{t} \label{eq:hp_switched_off_2} \\
&h^{switchedOff}_t \geq h^{on}_{t-1} - h^{on}_{t} \label{eq:hp_switched_off_3} \\
&k_t^{switchedOff} = \sum_{\tau=0}^{t} h_\tau^{switchedOff} \label{eq:hp_switched_off_4} \\
&k^{switchedOff}_t \leq n^{switchedOff} \label{eq:hp_switched_off_5} \\
&x_t \leq h^{on}_{t} \label{eq:hp_min_mod_1} \\
&x_t \geq h^{on}_{t} \cdot mod^{min} \label{eq:hp_min_mod_2} \\
&x_t \in [0,1], h^{switchedOff}_t \in \{0,1\}, h^{on}_{t} \in \{0,1\} \label{eq:non_negativity}
\end{align}
最大的问题是，在第一个等式的前后，我分别定义，以便可以在其下方添加文本“subject to”，但有一大片空白，我想消除它。以下是屏幕截图：
我怎样才能减少空白空间？
更新：这是主要的 Latex 文件：
\documentclass[5p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
\usepackage{physics}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\hypersetup{hidelinks}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage{amssymb}% http://ctan.org/pkg/amssymb
\usepackage{pifont}% http://ctan.org/pkg/pifont
\newcommand{\cmark}{\ding{51}}%
\newcommand{\xmark}{\ding{55}}%
\usepackage{acro}
\include{sections/00_acro}
\graphicspath{{figures/}}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{comment}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{framed} % Framing content
\usepackage{multicol} % Multiple columns environment
\usepackage{nomencl} % Nomenclature package
\usepackage{xurl}
\usepackage{todonotes}
\usepackage{makecell}
\usepackage{afterpage}
%Test new equation system display
\usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{mathtools,kantlipsum}
\newenvironment{AllowDisplayBreaks}{\allowdisplaybreaks}{\ignorespacesafterend}
\newcommand\stxt[1]{\scriptscriptstyle\textup{#1}}
%Define the color of the links
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\definecolor{myColor}{RGB}{0, 0.0, 0}
\hypersetup{
colorlinks=true,
linkcolor=myColor,
citecolor=myColor,
urlcolor=myColor,
}
\journal{Applied Energy}
% Remove preprint submitted to Applied Energy and the date
\makeatletter
\def\ps@pprintTitle{
\let\@oddhead\@empty
\let\@evenhead\@empty
\def\@oddfoot{}%
\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{frontmatter}
\title{Title}
\author[1]{A}
\author[1]{B}
\address[1]{Address1}
\begin{abstract}
\input{sections/00_abstract}
\end{abstract}
\begin{comment}
%%Graphical abstract
\begin{graphicalabstract}
\includegraphics{grabs}
\end{graphicalabstract}
%%Research highlights
\begin{highlights}
\item Research highlight 1
\item Research highlight 2
\end{highlights}
\end{comment}
\begin{keyword}
%% keywords here, in the form: keyword \sep keyword
keyword 1 \sep keyword 2 \sep keyword 3 \sep keyword 4 \sep keyword 5
%% PACS codes here, in the form: \PACS code \sep code
%\PACS 0000 \sep 1111
%% MSC codes here, in the form: \MSC code \sep code
%% or \MSC[2008] code \sep code (2000 is the default)
%MSC 0000 \sep 1111
\end{keyword}
\end{frontmatter}
%% \linenumbers
\input{sections/00_nomecl}
\input{sections/01_intro}
\input{sections/02_related_work}
\input{sections/03_optimization_problem_for_the_building}
\input{sections/04_immitation_learning_for_building_control}
\input{sections/05_results}
\input{sections/06_conclusion}
\input{sections/ending}
\thispagestyle{empty} % Remove page number and header/footer on the first page
%% If you have bibdatabase file and want bibtex to generate the
%% bibitems, please use
%%
\bibliographystyle{elsarticle-num}
\bibliography{refs}
%% else use the following coding to input the bibitems directly in the
%% TeX file.
% \begin{thebibliography}{00}
% %% \bibitem{label}
% %% Text of bibliographic item
% \bibitem{}
% \end{thebibliography}
\end{document}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `elsarticle-template-num.tex'.
答案1
以下是我要做的（尽管我会使用较小的文本索引）
环境AllowDisplayBreaks只是为了让我们可以在本地添加它。提示：\\*不要使用分页符/分栏符。
我使用\stxt它来格式化文本上标，考虑到它们的大小，我选择使其更小。
\documentclass[a4paper,twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{mathtools,kantlipsum}
\newenvironment{AllowDisplayBreaks}{\allowdisplaybreaks}{\ignorespacesafterend}
\newcommand\stxt[1]{\scriptscriptstyle\textup{#1}}
\begin{document}
% just to force a column break
\vspace*{12cm}
\kant[2]
\begin{equation}
\min C = \sum_{t=0}^{Z} (x_t \cdot P^{\stxt{HPmax}} + P_t^{\stxt{DemandEl}}) \cdot \Delta t \cdot p_t \label{eq:objective_function}
\end{equation}
%
subject to:
%
\begin{AllowDisplayBreaks}
\begin{align}
&T^{\stxt{min}} \leq T^{\stxt{Building}}_t \leq T^{\stxt{max}} \label{eq:temperature_balance} \\
&T^{\stxt{Building}}_t = T^{\stxt{Building}}_{t-1} + \frac{Q_t^{\stxt{HP}} - Q_t^{\stxt{DemandSH}} - Q_t^{\stxt{LossesSH}}}{V^{\stxt{UFH}} \cdot \rho^{\stxt{Concrete}} \cdot c^{\stxt{Concrete}}} \label{eq:temperature_difference_equation} \\
&Q_t^{\stxt{HP}} = x_t \cdot P^{\stxt{HPmax}} \cdot COP_t \cdot \Delta t \label{eq:heating_energy_HP} \\
&h^{\stxt{switchedOff}}_t \leq h^{\stxt{on}}_{t-1} \label{eq:hp_switched_off_1} \\
&h^{\stxt{switchedOff}}_t \leq 1 - h^{\stxt{on}}_{t} \label{eq:hp_switched_off_2} \\
&h^{\stxt{switchedOff}}_t \geq h^{\stxt{on}}_{t-1} - h^{\stxt{on}}_{t} \label{eq:hp_switched_off_3} \\
&k_t^{\stxt{switchedOff}} = \sum_{\tau=0}^{t} h_\tau^{\stxt{switchedOff}} \label{eq:hp_switched_off_4} \\
&k^{\stxt{switchedOff}}_t \leq n^{\stxt{switchedOff}} \label{eq:hp_switched_off_5} \\
&x_t \leq h^{\stxt{on}}_{t} \label{eq:hp_min_mod_1} \\
&x_t \geq h^{\stxt{on}}_{t} \cdot mod^{\stxt{min}} \label{eq:hp_min_mod_2} \\
&x_t \in [0,1], h^{\stxt{switchedOff}}_t \in \{0,1\}, h^{\stxt{on}}_{t} \in \{0,1\} \label{eq:non_negativity}
\end{align}
\end{AllowDisplayBreaks}
\end{document}