☰

在节点周围画一条线

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf
在节点周围画一条线

我有这张照片：

在此处输入图片描述

生成者：

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, shapes, positioning}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \node (A) [draw, ellipse, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=6cm] at (0,0) {};
  \foreach \i in {0,...,3} {
    \node (A\i) [draw, circle, yshift=-0.5cm, outer sep=0.3cm] at ($(A.north)!\i/5!(A.south)$) {\i};
  }

  \node (B) [draw, ellipse, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=6cm] at (6,0) {};
  \foreach \i in {0,...,3} {
    \node (B\i) [draw, circle, yshift=-0.5cm, outer sep=0.3cm] at ($(B.north)!\i/5!(B.south)$) {\i};
  }

  \draw[rounded corners=0.5cm, thick, red] (A0.north west)--(B0.north east)--(B0.south east)--(A0.south west)--cycle;

  \draw[rounded corners=0.5cm, thick, red] (A0.north west)--(B2.north east)--(B2.south east)--(A0.south west)--cycle;

  \draw[rounded corners=0.5cm, thick, green] (A1.north west)--(B1.north east)--(B1.south east)--(A1.south west)--cycle;
  \draw[rounded corners=0.5cm, thick, green] (A1.north west)--(B3.north east)--(B3.south east)--(A1.south west)--cycle;

  \draw[rounded corners=0.5cm, thick, blue] (A3.north west)--(B1.north east)--(B1.south east)--(A3.south west)--cycle;
\end{tikzpicture}


\end{document}

显然，这些线在节点周围并不是很好走。我尝试使用（东南）-（西南）控制点来引导它们，但效果仍然不太好。

我怎样才能使线条在圆圈周围流畅地流动？

谢谢！

答案1

north、west等指的是节点的绝对方向，而不是相对于您在指定节点之间绘制的线的方向。此外，您的圆的半径太大，因此即使对于第一个（水平）连接，圆的结果也不太好。您可能还想创建一个 tikz 样式来自动绘制这些连接的过程。

calc这是一个使用库、to pathtikz 样式和（与您的初始方法一致）的解决方案rounded corners。该解决方案本质上是在两个指定节点周围创建 4 个控制节点来绘制一个矩形，然后将其角圆化。圆化也可以修改或删除，如下例所示。tikz 样式的输入是矩形宽度的一半，默认情况下我设置为该宽度4mm（这也是默认的圆角半径）。

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, shapes, positioning}

\tikzset{connect/.style={rounded corners=#1,
        to path= ($(\tikztostart)!-#1!(\tikztotarget)!-#1!-90:(\tikztotarget)$) -- ($(\tikztotarget)!-#1!(\tikztostart)!-#1!90:(\tikztostart)$) --
        ($(\tikztotarget)!-#1!(\tikztostart)!#1!90:(\tikztostart)$) -- ($(\tikztostart)!-#1!(\tikztotarget)!-#1!90:(\tikztotarget)$) -- cycle (\tikztotarget)
}}
\tikzset{connect/.default=4mm}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \node (A) [draw, ellipse, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=6cm] at (0,0) {};
  \foreach \i in {0,...,3} {
    \node (A\i) [draw, circle, yshift=-0.5cm, outer sep=0.3cm] at ($(A.north)!\i/5!(A.south)$) {\i};
  }

  \node (B) [draw, ellipse, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=6cm] at (6,0) {};
  \foreach \i in {0,...,3} {
    \node (B\i) [draw, circle, yshift=-0.5cm, outer sep=0.3cm] at ($(B.north)!\i/5!(B.south)$) {\i};
  }

    \draw (A0) to[connect] (B0); % default
    \draw[green] (A1) to[connect=6mm] (B1); % coloured, different size
    \draw[red,dashed,ultra thick] (A1) to[connect] (B3); % coloured,dashed,thick, etc...
    \draw[blue] (A3) to[connect,rounded corners=2mm] (B2); % different round
    \draw[blue] (A2) to[connect,sharp corners] (B3); % or sharp
    \draw[lightgray] (B1) to[connect] (A2) to[connect] (B2); % multiple at once
\end{tikzpicture}


\end{document}

结果

答案2

您可以利用这个很棒的答案经过杰克这可能有点像用大锤砸核桃，但它确实有效。

边界

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, shapes, positioning}

% command by Jake https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/27185/124577
\newcommand{\convexpath}[2]{
[   
    create hullnodes/.code={
        \global\edef\namelist{#1}
        \foreach [count=\counter] \nodename in \namelist {
            \global\edef\numberofnodes{\counter}
            \node at (\nodename) [draw=none,name=hullnode\counter] {};
        }
        \node at (hullnode\numberofnodes) [name=hullnode0,draw=none] {};
        \pgfmathtruncatemacro\lastnumber{\numberofnodes+1}
        \node at (hullnode1) [name=hullnode\lastnumber,draw=none] {};
    },
    create hullnodes
]
($(hullnode1)!#2!-90:(hullnode0)$)
\foreach [
    evaluate=\currentnode as \previousnode using \currentnode-1,
    evaluate=\currentnode as \nextnode using \currentnode+1
    ] \currentnode in {1,...,\numberofnodes} {
-- ($(hullnode\currentnode)!#2!-90:(hullnode\previousnode)$)
  let \p1 = ($(hullnode\currentnode)!#2!-90:(hullnode\previousnode) - (hullnode\currentnode)$),
    \n1 = {atan2(\y1,\x1)},
    \p2 = ($(hullnode\currentnode)!#2!90:(hullnode\nextnode) - (hullnode\currentnode)$),
    \n2 = {atan2(\y2,\x2)},
    \n{delta} = {-Mod(\n1-\n2,360)}
  in 
    {arc [start angle=\n1, delta angle=\n{delta}, radius=#2]}
}
-- cycle
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \pgfmathsetlengthmacro\boundary{.4cm}
  \node (A) [draw, ellipse, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=6cm] at (0,0) {};
  \foreach \i in {0,...,3} {
    \node (A\i) [draw, circle, yshift=-0.5cm, outer sep=0.3cm] at ($(A.north)!\i/5!(A.south)$) {\i};
  }

  \node (B) [draw, ellipse, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=6cm] at (6,0) {};
  \foreach \i in {0,...,3} {
    \node (B\i) [draw, circle, yshift=-0.5cm, outer sep=0.3cm] at ($(B.north)!\i/5!(B.south)$) {\i};
  }

    \draw[thick, red] \convexpath{A0, B0}{\boundary};
    \draw[thick, red] \convexpath{A0, B2}{\boundary};
    \draw[thick, green] \convexpath{A1, B1}{\boundary};
  \draw[thick, green] \convexpath{A1, B3}{\boundary};
  \draw[thick, blue] \convexpath{A3, B1}{\boundary};
\end{tikzpicture}


\end{document}

答案3

我认为一种简单且非常通用的方法（但结果并不完全相同）是使用线宽、背景和透明度。这样甚至可以使用更复杂的路径：

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes}

\pgfdeclarelayer{bg}
\pgfsetlayers{bg,main}

\tikzset{
  wrap/.style={
    line cap=round,
    #1,
    line width=21pt,
    opacity=0.3,
  },
  mynode/.style={
    draw,
    circle,
    yshift=-0.5cm,
    outer sep=0.3cm
  },
  group/.style={
    draw,
    ellipse,
    minimum width=3cm,
    minimum height=6cm
  },
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \node (A) [group] at (0,0) {};
  \foreach \i in {0,...,3} {
    \node (A\i) [mynode] at ($(A.north)!\i/5!(A.south)$) {\i};
  }

  \node (B) [group] at (6,0) {};
  \foreach \i in {0,...,3} {
    \node (B\i) [mynode] at ($(B.north)!\i/5!(B.south)$) {\i};
  }

  \begin{pgfonlayer}{bg}
    \draw[wrap=red](A0.center)   to[out=0,in=180](B0.center);
    \draw[wrap=red](A0.center)   to[out=0,in=180](B2.center);
    \draw[wrap=green](A1.center) to[out=0,in=180](B1.center);
    \draw[wrap=green](A1.center) to[out=0,in=180](B3.center);
    \draw[wrap=blue](A3.center)  to[out=0,in=180](B1.center);
  \end{pgfonlayer}

\end{tikzpicture}

\结束{文档}

我们会得到：

在此处输入图片描述

相关内容