☰

使用 Tikz 包时缺少节点

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf tikz-node missing
使用 Tikz 包时缺少节点

我正在使用 Tikz 包在 LaTeX 中创建流程图。当我编译下面的代码时，出现两个错误：

  1. 图中缺少源自级别 B1 的组 1b 的节点（及其下方的节点）。

  2. 相反，原本应该从 B1 层指向 1b 组的箭头现在却从 B1 层指向 2a 组，这是不应该发生的。2a 组应该只连接到 B2 层及其下面的节点。

我认为如果我能够解决错误 1，那么错误 2 应该会消失。我该怎么做才能显示 Group 1b 节点？

谢谢。


\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[htp!]
    \centering
    \tikzstyle{decision} = [diamond, draw, fill=blue!20, 
    text width=4.5em, text badly centered, node distance=3cm, inner sep=0pt]
    \tikzstyle{block} = [rectangle, draw, fill=blue!20, 
    text width=5em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=4em]
    \tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -latex']
    \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 4cm, auto]

% Place nodes
    \node [block] (A) {\textit{Level A}};
    \node [block, left of= A] (G1) {\textbf{Group 1}};
    \node [block, right of= A] (G2) {\textbf{Group 2}};
    \node [block, below of= G1] (B) {\textit{Level B1}};
    \node [block, left of= B] (G1a) {\textbf{Group 1a}};
    \node [block, below of= G1a] (G1aD1) {Decision 1};
    \node [block, below of= G1aD1] (G1aD2) {Decision 2};
    \node [block, right of= B] (G1b) {\textbf{Group 1b}};
    \node [block, below of= G1b] (G1bD1) {Decision 1};
    \node [block, below of= G1bD1] (G1bD2) {Decision 2};
    \node [block, below of= G2] (C) {\textit{Level B2}};
    \node [block, left of= C] (G2a) {\textbf{Group 2a}};
    \node [block, below of= G2a] (G2aD1) {Decision 1};
    \node [block, below of= G2aD1] (G2aD2) {Decision 2};
    \node [block, right of= C] (G2b) {\textbf{Group 2b}};
    \node [block, below of= G2b] (G2bD1) {Decision 1};
    \node [block, below of= G2bD1] (G2bD2) {Decision 2};

% Draw lines
    \path [line, dashed] (A) -- (G1);
    \path [line, dashed] (A) -- (G2);
    \path [line, dashed] (G1) -- (B);
    \path [line, dashed] (G2) -- (C);
    \path [line, dashed] (B) -- (G1a);
    \path [line, dashed] (B) -- (G1b); 
    \path [line, dashed] (C) -- (G2a);
    \path [line, dashed] (C) -- (G2b);
    \path [line] (G1a) -- (G1aD1);
    \path [line] (G1b) -- (G1bD1); QQQ
    \path [line] (G1aD1) -- (G1aD2);
    \path [line] (G1bD1) -- (G1bD2); 
    \path [line] (G2a) -- (G2aD1);
    \path [line] (G2b) -- (G2bD1);
    \path [line] (G2aD1) -- (G2aD2);
    \path [line] (G2bD1) -- (G2bD2);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{Flow Chart}
    \label{fig:1}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

答案1

@frougon 答案的变体：使用的是chains包及其宏join。两者都可以编写更短的代码：

\documentclass[tikz, margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{chains,
                positioning, 
                shapes}

\tikzset{
     block/.style = {draw, rounded corners, fill=blue!20,
                     minimum height=4em, text width=5em,
                     align=center},
every join/.style = {draw, -stealth},
        }

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 8mm and 12mm, 
  start chain = going below,
        nodes = {block, on chain}, 
                        ]
% Place nodes
% central column
\node       (A)     {Level A};
\node       (G2a)   {\textbf{Group 2a}};
\node[join] (G2aD1) {Decision 1};
\node[join] (G2aD2) {Decision 2};
%% left columns
\node[left=of A] (G1)   {\textbf{Group 1}};
\node[font=\itshape] (B){Level B1};
\node       (G1b)   {\textbf{Group 1b}};
\node[join] (G1bD1) {Decision 1};
\node[join] (G1bD2) {Decision 2};
%
\node[left=of B] (G1a) {\textbf{Group 1a}};
\node[join] (G1aD1) {Decision 1};
\node[join] (G1aD2) {Decision 2};
%% right columns
\node[right=of A] (G2)  {\textbf{Group 2}};
\node[font=\itshape] (C){Level B2};
%
\node[right=of C] (G2b) {\textbf{Group 2b}};
\node[join] (G2bD1)     {Decision 1};
\node[join] (G2bD2)     {Decision 2};
% dashed arrows
\draw[-stealth, dashed]   
    (A)  edge (G1) 
    (A)  edge (G2)
    (G1) edge (B)
    (G2) edge (C)
    (B)  edge (G1a)
    (B)  edge (G1b)
    (C)  edge (G2a)
    (C)  edge (G2b);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果是：

在此处输入图片描述

附录： 节点的层次结构在以下节点放置中更加明显：

在此处输入图片描述

使用与第一个例子相同的图像绘制概念，MWE 是：

\documentclass[tikz, margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{chains,
                positioning, 
                shapes}

\tikzset{
     block/.style = {draw, rounded corners, fill=blue!20,
                     minimum height=4em, text width=5em,
                     align=center},
every join/.style = {draw, -stealth},
        }

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 8mm and 8mm, 
  start chain = going below,
        nodes = {block, on chain}, 
                        ]
% Place nodes
\node (A)   {Level A};
%% left columns
    \node[below  left=16mm of A] (G1)  {\textbf{Group 1}};
    \node[font=\itshape] (B)    {Level B1};
        \node[below  left=of B.south]  (G1a)   {\textbf{Group 1a}};
            \node[join] (G1aD1) {Decision 1};
            \node[join] (G1aD2) {Decision 2};
        \node[below right=of B.south]  (G1b)   {\textbf{Group 1b}};
            \node[join] (G1bD1) {Decision 1};
            \node[join] (G1bD2) {Decision 2};
    \node[below right=16mm of A] (G2)  {\textbf{Group 2}};
    \node[font=\itshape] (C){Level B2};
        \node[below  left=of C.south]     (G2a)   {\textbf{Group 2a}};
            \node[join] (G2aD1) {Decision 1};
            \node[join] (G2aD2) {Decision 2};
        \node[below right=of C.south] (G2b) {\textbf{Group 2b}};
            \node[join] (G2bD1)     {Decision 1};
            \node[join] (G2bD2)     {Decision 2};
% dashed arrows
    \begin{scope}[every path/.style={-stealth, dashed}]
\draw   (A)  -| (G1)    (G2) edge (C);        
\draw   (A)  -| (G2)    (G1) edge (B);
\draw (B)  -| (G1a);
\draw (B)  -| (G1b);
\draw (C)  -| (G2a);
\draw (C)  -| (G2b);
    \end{scope}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

使用包绘制这个图更简单forest（参见@Schrödinger's cat 的答案）。

附录（2）： 为了好玩和锻炼...不太复杂，对@Schrödinger 的猫答案进行了一些（小）修改（+1）：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[edges]{forest}

\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
for tree={
% nodes
    draw, rounded corners,
    fill=blue!20,
    minimum height=4em, text width=5em,
    text centered,
% distance between nodes
    s sep=12mm,
    l sep=8mm,
% edges
if={level>3}{edge={-stealth},
             edge path={\noexpand\path[\forestoption{edge}]
                (!u.south) -- (.child anchor);}
             }
             {edge={-stealth,dashed},
        where level={2}{font=\itshape}{% edges outside level 2
            edge path={\noexpand\path[\forestoption{edge}]
                (!u) -| (.child anchor);},
                                      }
            },% end of dashed edges definitions
% fonts
    where level={1}{font=\bfseries}{},
    where level={3}{font=\bfseries}{},
        }% end of "for tree"
% diagram body
[Level A
    [Group 1
        [Level B1
            [Group 1a
                [Decision 1
                    [Decision 2]
                ]
            ]
            [Group 1b
                [Decision 1
                    [Decision 2]
                ]
            ]
        ]
 ]  
    [Group 2
        [Level B2
            [Group 2a
                [Decision 1
                    [Decision 2]
                ]
            ]
            [Group 2b
                [Decision 1
                    [Decision 2]
                ]
            ]
        ]
    ]
]
\end{forest}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

包含 的节点 G1b\textbf{Group 1b}隐藏在包含 的节点 G2a 后面\textbf{Group 2a}，因为您将 G1b 放置在 中right of= B。将此放置规范更改为below of= B将产生以下输出。我还将您的\tikzstyle命令替换为\tikzset，因为\tikzstyle已被弃用。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=0.5cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, arrows}

\tikzset{
  decision/.style={
    diamond, draw, fill=blue!20, text width=4.5em, text badly centered, node
    distance=3cm, inner sep=0pt},
  block/.style={
    rectangle, draw, fill=blue!20, text width=5em, text centered,
    rounded corners, minimum height=4em},
  line/.style={draw, -latex'},
}

\begin{document}
\centering

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 4cm, auto]

% Place nodes
\node [block] (A) {\textit{Level A}};
\node [block, left of= A] (G1) {\textbf{Group 1}};
\node [block, right of= A] (G2) {\textbf{Group 2}};
\node [block, below of= G1] (B) {\textit{Level B1}};
\node [block, left of= B] (G1a) {\textbf{Group 1a}};
\node [block, below of= G1a] (G1aD1) {Decision 1};
\node [block, below of= G1aD1] (G1aD2) {Decision 2};
\node [block, below of= B] (G1b) {\textbf{Group 1b}};
\node [block, below of= G1b] (G1bD1) {Decision 1};
\node [block, below of= G1bD1] (G1bD2) {Decision 2};
\node [block, below of= G2] (C) {\textit{Level B2}};
\node [block, left of= C] (G2a) {\textbf{Group 2a}};
\node [block, below of= G2a] (G2aD1) {Decision 1};
\node [block, below of= G2aD1] (G2aD2) {Decision 2};
\node [block, right of= C] (G2b) {\textbf{Group 2b}};
\node [block, below of= G2b] (G2bD1) {Decision 1};
\node [block, below of= G2bD1] (G2bD2) {Decision 2};

% Draw lines
\path [line, dashed] (A) -- (G1);
\path [line, dashed] (A) -- (G2);
\path [line, dashed] (G1) -- (B);
\path [line, dashed] (G2) -- (C);
\path [line, dashed] (B) -- (G1a);
\path [line, dashed] (B) -- (G1b);
\path [line, dashed] (C) -- (G2a);
\path [line, dashed] (C) -- (G2b);
\path [line] (G1a) -- (G1aD1);
\path [line] (G1b) -- (G1bD1); QQQ
\path [line] (G1aD1) -- (G1aD2);
\path [line] (G1bD1) -- (G1bD2);
\path [line] (G2a) -- (G2aD1);
\path [line] (G2b) -- (G2bD1);
\path [line] (G2aD1) -- (G2aD2);
\path [line] (G2bD1) -- (G2bD2);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

我还建议你尝试一下positioningTi钾Z 库，比 Ti 中的默认库更现代，并提供了更方便的放置选项钾z.node distance = 2cm在 的选项中设置后tikzpicture，删除/tikz/auto不使用的键和arrowsTi钾Z 库根据薛定谔的猫大师的说法，它已被弃用—我选择了箭头—加上使用和等对所有命令的第二部分进行stealth更多重构，得到以下内容：nodes=block, font=\itshape\begin{scope}[every path/.append style={line}] ... \end{scope}\path

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=0.5cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, shapes}

\tikzset{
  decision/.style={
    diamond, draw, fill=blue!20, text width=4.5em, text badly centered, node
    distance=3cm, inner sep=0pt},
  block/.style={
    rectangle, draw, fill=blue!20, text width=5em, text centered,
    rounded corners, minimum height=4em},
  line/.style={draw, -stealth},
}

\begin{document}
\centering

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 2cm, nodes=block, font=\itshape]

% Place nodes
\node (A) {Level A};
\node [left=of A] (G1) {\textbf{Group 1}};
\node [right=of A] (G2) {\textbf{Group 2}};
\node [below=of G1] (B) {Level B1};
\node [left=of B] (G1a) {\textbf{Group 1a}};
\node [below=of G1a] (G1aD1) {Decision 1};
\node [below=of G1aD1] (G1aD2) {Decision 2};
\node [below=of B] (G1b) {\textbf{Group 1b}};
\node [below=of G1b] (G1bD1) {Decision 1};
\node [below=of G1bD1] (G1bD2) {Decision 2};
\node [below=of G2] (C) {Level B2};
\node [left=of C] (G2a) {\textbf{Group 2a}};
\node [below=of G2a] (G2aD1) {Decision 1};
\node [below=of G2aD1] (G2aD2) {Decision 2};
\node [right=of C] (G2b) {\textbf{Group 2b}};
\node [below=of G2b] (G2bD1) {Decision 1};
\node [below=of G2bD1] (G2bD2) {Decision 2};

% Draw lines
\begin{scope}[every path/.append style={line}]
  \begin{scope}[every path/.append style={dashed}]
   \path (A) -- (G1);
   \path (A) -- (G2);
   \path (G1) -- (B);
   \path (G2) -- (C);
   \path (B) -- (G1a);
   \path (B) -- (G1b);
   \path (C) -- (G2a);
   \path (C) -- (G2b);
  \end{scope}
  \path (G1a) -- (G1aD1);
  \path (G1b) -- (G1bD1); QQQ
  \path (G1aD1) -- (G1aD2);
  \path (G1bD1) -- (G1bD2);
  \path (G2a) -- (G2aD1);
  \path (G2b) -- (G2bD1);
  \path (G2aD1) -- (G2aD2);
  \path (G2bD1) -- (G2bD2);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

就像薛定谔的猫所建议的那样，放置节点可以简化为使用matrix of nodesTimatrix钾Z 库（当然，您仍然需要绘制箭头）。由于今晚我没有更多时间，因此这留给读者作为练习。;-)

答案3

这是为了好玩：一个带有 的版本forest。它会自动完成许多事情。（@cfr 可以使其更加自动化，但这就是我得到的。;-) 节点内容非常重复，并且取决于级别，样式也是如此。这里重复的节点内容是用 添加的execute at begin node，我会把所有的content+魔法留给能够可靠地施展这种魔法的用户。）

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[edges]{forest}
\tikzset{block/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=blue!20, 
    text width=5em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=4em},
    Group/.style={block,font=\bfseries,execute at begin node={Group~}},
    Level/.style={block,font=\itshape,execute at begin node={Level~}},
    Decision/.style={block,execute at begin node={Decision~}},}
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
for tree={if={level()>3}{Decision,edge={-stealth}}{%
        if={mod(level(),2)==0}{Level}{Group},edge={-stealth,dashed}},
    s sep+=1em,l sep+=1em}
[A
 [1
  [B1
   [1a[1[2]]]
   [1b[1[2]]]
  ]
 ]
 [2
  [B2
   [2a[1[2]]]
   [2b[1[2]]]
  ]
 ]
]   
\end{forest}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

相关内容