☰

我想要的是

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf numbering positioning draw
我想要的是

我正在进行对话，我需要绘制一些形状，并将它们正确放置在页面上。这些形状如下：

  • 带有小徽章的白色矩形（称为mestart）： 初始形状
  • 没有徽章的白色矩形（称为me）： 我的形状
  • 带有小徽章的绿色矩形（称为youstart）： 你开始塑造
  • 没有徽章的绿色矩形（称为you）： 你塑造
  • 一个带圆角的蓝色矩形（称为exnumber）： 外数形状

我想要的是

我想要引发以下对话：

我想要的是

需要考虑：

  1. 所有矩形（除exnumber）内部都可以有：
    • 仅限文本（普通文本、项目符号列表、编号列表等），或
    • 仅一张图片（可以是tikzpicture），或者
    • 文本和示例代码（例如listings包可以作为一个很好的例子）。
  2. 这些矩形必须具有最大宽度并且它们之间必须有间距： 最大宽度 （图像也应该具有相同的最大宽度）。
  3. 蓝色矩形（即，exnumber应放置在页面中央，并自动编号，并在章节结束时重新开始。例如：在第 1 节中Exercise 1，，Exercise 2。Exercise 3在第 2 节中：Exercise 1，Exercise 2。

我做了什么

请考虑这个MWE：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=1in,footskip=0.25in]{geometry}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.misc, positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.text}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.symbols}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \node (1) [rounded corners=.2cm,inner sep=.3cm,align=right,fill=blue] {Exercise 1};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \node (1) [draw,rounded corners=.2cm,inner sep=.5cm,align=left] {rounded rectangle\\asas};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \node (1) [rounded corners=.2cm,inner sep=.5cm,align=right,fill=green] {This is a rounded rectangle\\Text\\ a \\ a \\ a};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

我做了什么

编辑一些改变编辑令人惊叹的薛定谔猫的答案#4有一些实现：

  1. 已添加\maxwidth和\maxheight。
  2. 由于我需要在对话中添加大量图像，因此我创建了四种新形状：四种形状，但Image名称后面带有单词。其中包括\includegraphics[max height=\maxheight,max width=\maxwidth]{#2}。
  3. \begin{varwidth}{\maxwidth}添加到正常的 4 种形状中。
  4. 在代码中添加了标签空间和一些信息。

最后结果：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\def\maxwidth{16cm}
\def\maxheight{20cm}

\usepackage[a4paper,margin=.25in,footskip=0.25in]{geometry}

\usepackage[export]{adjustbox} % Loads also graphicx
\usepackage{varwidth}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
% From https://tex.stackexchange.com/revisions/529773/4
\tikzset{basic/.style={rounded corners=.2cm,inner sep=.5cm},
    basic L/.style={basic,align=left,fill=white,anchor=north west,
        font=\sffamily,outer sep=0pt},
    my callout L/.style={basic L,
        append after command={pic[fill=white]{callout corner L}}},
    basic R/.style={basic,align=right,fill=green!60!black,anchor=north east,
        font=\sffamily,outer sep=0pt},
    my callout R/.style={basic R,
        append after command={pic[fill=green!60!black]{callout corner R}}},
    pics/callout corner L/.style={code={
    \path[pic actions] ([xshift=3mm]\tikzlastnode.north west) -- ++ (-9mm,0) 
    -- ([yshift=-6mm]\tikzlastnode.north west);}},
    pics/callout corner R/.style={code={
    \path[pic actions] ([xshift=-3mm]\tikzlastnode.north east) -- ++ (9mm,0) 
    -- ([yshift=-6mm]\tikzlastnode.north east);}},
    exercise/.style={rounded corners=.2cm,inner sep=.3cm,align=right,
        fill=blue,anchor=north,font=\sffamily,text=white},
    whatsapp/.cd,vdist/.initial=3mm,hdist/.initial=6mm
}
% Added varwidth to set a max width for each of the shapes. From https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/46479/152550
% MeStart
\newcommand{\MeStart}[2][]{\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
    \path (0,0) (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/hdist},0) node[my callout L,alias=tmp,#1] {\begin{varwidth}{\maxwidth}#2\end{varwidth}};
    \path (tmp.south) ++ (0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/vdist});
\end{tikzpicture}\par}
% Me
\newcommand{\Me}[2][]{\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
    \path (0,0) (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/hdist},0) node[basic L,alias=tmp,#1] {\begin{varwidth}{\maxwidth}#2\end{varwidth}};
    \path (tmp.south) ++ (0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/vdist});
\end{tikzpicture}\par}
% YouStart
\newcommand{\YouStart}[2][]{\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
    \path (0,0) (\textwidth-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/hdist},0) node[my callout R,alias=tmp,#1] {\begin{varwidth}{\maxwidth}#2\end{varwidth}};
    \path (tmp.south) ++ (0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/vdist});
\end{tikzpicture}\par}
% You
\newcommand{\You}[2][]{\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
    \path (0,0) (\textwidth-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/hdist},0) node[basic R,alias=tmp,#1] {\begin{varwidth}{\maxwidth}#2\end{varwidth}};
    \path (tmp.south) ++ (0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/vdist});
\end{tikzpicture}\par}
% Exercise
\newcommand{\Exercise}[2][]{\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
    \path (0,0) (\textwidth/2,0) node[exercise,alias=tmp,#1] {#2};
    \path (tmp.south) ++ (0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/vdist});
\end{tikzpicture}\par}
% max height/width for includegraphics from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/47252/152550
% MeStartImage
\newcommand{\MeStartImage}[2][]{\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
    \path (0,0) (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/hdist},0) node[my callout L,alias=tmp,#1] {\includegraphics[max height=\maxheight,max width=\maxwidth]{#2}};
    \path (tmp.south) ++ (0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/vdist});
\end{tikzpicture}\par}
% MeImage
\newcommand{\MeImage}[2][]{\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
    \path (0,0) (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/hdist},0) node[basic L,alias=tmp,#1] {\includegraphics[max height=\maxheight,max width=\maxwidth]{#2}};
    \path (tmp.south) ++ (0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/vdist});
\end{tikzpicture}\par}
% YouStartImage
\newcommand{\YouStartImage}[2][]{\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
    \path (0,0) (\textwidth-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/hdist},0) node[my callout R,alias=tmp,#1] {\includegraphics[max height=\maxheight,max width=\maxwidth]{#2}};
    \path (tmp.south) ++ (0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/vdist});
\end{tikzpicture}\par}
% YouImage
\newcommand{\YouImage}[2][]{\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
    \path (0,0) (\textwidth-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/hdist},0) node[basic R,alias=tmp,#1] {\includegraphics[max height=\maxheight,max width=\maxwidth]{#2}};
    \path (tmp.south) ++ (0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/vdist});
\end{tikzpicture}\par}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,remember picture]
    \fill[blue!20] (current page.south west) rectangle (current page.north east);
\end{tikzpicture}

\MeStart{\blindtext[1]\\ Text}

\MeImage[scale=0.5]{example-image}

\YouStartImage[scale=2]{example-image-duck}

\Exercise{How many marmots?}

\You{\Blindtext[1]}

\end{document}

例子

答案1

这定义了这样的形状。请注意，我并没有真正简化定位，因为您可能需要一些用于对话的宏。他们可以处理这个问题。以下代码基于您问题中新添加的例程。但是，它没有定义许多宏，而是使用 pgf 键。例如，而不是

 \MeStart{\blindtext[1]\\ Text}

您可以使用

 \Me[start]{\blindtext[1]\\ Text}

或者

 \You[start,image={scale=2}]{example-image-duck}

等等。这样做的好处是可以非常轻松地进行扩展，同时保持向后兼容性。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\def\maxwidth{16cm}
\def\maxheight{20cm}

\usepackage[a4paper,margin=.25in,footskip=0.25in]{geometry}

\usepackage[export]{adjustbox} % Loads also graphicx
\usepackage{varwidth}
\newif\ifStart
\Startfalse
\newif\ifImage
\Imagefalse
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
% From https://tex.stackexchange.com/revisions/529773/4
\tikzset{basic/.style={rounded corners=.2cm,inner sep=.5cm},
    basic L/.style={basic,align=left,fill=white,anchor=north west,
        font=\sffamily,outer sep=0pt},
    my callout L/.style={basic L,
        append after command={pic[fill=white]{callout corner L}}},
    basic R/.style={basic,align=right,fill=green!60!black,anchor=north east,
        font=\sffamily,outer sep=0pt},
    my callout R/.style={basic R,
        append after command={pic[fill=green!60!black]{callout corner R}}},
    pics/callout corner L/.style={code={
    \path[pic actions] ([xshift=3mm]\tikzlastnode.north west) -- ++ (-9mm,0) 
    -- ([yshift=-6mm]\tikzlastnode.north west);}},
    pics/callout corner R/.style={code={
    \path[pic actions] ([xshift=-3mm]\tikzlastnode.north east) -- ++ (9mm,0) 
    -- ([yshift=-6mm]\tikzlastnode.north east);}},
    exercise/.style={rounded corners=.2cm,inner sep=.3cm,align=right,
        fill=blue,anchor=north,font=\sffamily,text=white},
    whatsapp/.cd,vdist/.initial=3mm,hdist/.initial=6mm,
    start/.is if=Start,
    image/.code=\Imagetrue\tikzset{whatsapp/graphics pars/.cd,#1},
    graphics pars/.cd,scale/.initial=1 %add additional keys here

}
% Added varwidth to set a max width for each of the shapes. From https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/46479/152550
% Me
\newcommand{\Me}[2][]{\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzset{whatsapp/.cd,#1}
\ifStart
    \path (0,0) (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/hdist},0) 
    node[my callout L,alias=tmp] {\ifImage
     \includegraphics[max height=\maxheight,max width=\maxwidth,
        scale=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/graphics pars/scale}]{#2}%
    \else
    \begin{varwidth}{\maxwidth}#2\end{varwidth}%
    \fi};
\else
    \path (0,0) (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/hdist},0) 
    node[basic L,alias=tmp] {\ifImage
     \includegraphics[max height=\maxheight,max width=\maxwidth,
        scale=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/graphics pars/scale}]{#2}%
    \else
    \begin{varwidth}{\maxwidth}#2\end{varwidth}%
    \fi};
\fi 
    \path (tmp.south) ++ (0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/vdist});
\end{tikzpicture}\par}
% You
\newcommand{\You}[2][]{\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzset{whatsapp/.cd,#1}
\ifStart
    \path (0,0) (\textwidth-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/hdist},0) 
    node[my callout R,alias=tmp] {\ifImage
     \includegraphics[max height=\maxheight,max width=\maxwidth,
        scale=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/graphics pars/scale}]{#2}%
    \else
    \begin{varwidth}{\maxwidth}#2\end{varwidth}%
    \fi};
\else
    \path (0,0) (\textwidth-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/hdist},0) 
    node[basic R,alias=tmp] {\ifImage
     \includegraphics[max height=\maxheight,max width=\maxwidth,
        scale=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/graphics pars/scale}]{#2}%
    \else
    \begin{varwidth}{\maxwidth}#2\end{varwidth}%
    \fi};
\fi 
    \path (tmp.south) ++ (0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/vdist});
\end{tikzpicture}\par}
\newcommand{\Exercise}[2][]{\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
    \path (0,0) (\textwidth/2,0) node[exercise,alias=tmp,#1] {#2};
    \path (tmp.south) ++ (0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/whatsapp/vdist});
\end{tikzpicture}\par}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,remember picture]
    \fill[blue!20] (current page.south west) rectangle (current page.north east);
\end{tikzpicture}

\Me[start]{\blindtext[1]\\ Text}

\Me[image={scale=0.25}]{example-image}

\You[start,image={scale=2}]{example-image-duck}

\Exercise{How many marmots?}

\You{\Blindtext[1]}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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