假设我有一个多行字符串，但其中的条目很短；如果我尝试十六进制转储，那么我会得到这样的结果：
echo "something
is
being
written
here" | hexdump -C
#00000000 73 6f 6d 65 74 68 69 6e 67 0a 69 73 0a 62 65 69 |something.is.bei|
#00000010 6e 67 0a 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 0a 68 65 72 65 0a |ng.written.here.|
#00000020
大多数十六进制转储程序，包括hexdump简单地用作二维矩阵（您可以定义每行有多少字节/列）；因此在这种情况下，整个输出被压缩在两行转储中。
是否有一个我可以使用的程序，它会像往常一样继续运行 - 除非它遇到新行（0x0a- 但可能是任何其他字符或其序列），它也会开始一个新行？在这种情况下，我想像这样的输出：
00000000 73 6f 6d 65 74 68 69 6e 67 0a |something.|
0000000a 69 73 0a |is.|
0000000d 62 65 69 6e 67 0a |being.|
00000013 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 0a |written.|
0000001b 68 65 72 65 0a |here.|
00000020
答案1
这是一种可能性，一种紧凑的解决方案，它利用 的read功能来限制读取字符的数量：
c=0
while IFS= read -n16 -r line
do
len=${#line}
((len<16)) && { ((len++)) ; line+=$'\n' ;}
printf "%08x " $c
for ((i=0; i<len; i++))
do printf " %02x" "'${line:i:1}"
done
printf " %*s %s\n" $((50-3*len)) "" "'${line//[^[:print:]]/.}'"
((c+=len))
done
答案2
嗯，有printf...
hex_split()( unset c dump slice rad pend
_get(){ dd bs=1024 count=1; echo .; } 2>/dev/null
_buf() case $((${#dump}>0)):$((${#slice}>0)) in
(0:*) dump=$(_get); dump=${dump%.}
[ -n "$dump" ] || [ -n "$slice" ];;
(*:0) [ "${#dump}" -lt 16 ] &&
slice=${dump:-$slice} dump= && return
slice=${dump%"${dump#$q}"} dump=${dump#$q};;esac
_out(){ printf "%08x%02.0s" "$rad" "$((rad+=$#/2))"
printf "%02x %.0s" "$@"
printf "%-$(((16-($#/2))*3))s"
printf "%.0s%.1s" '' ' ' '' \| "$@" '' \| '' "$nl"
}; q=$(printf %016s|tr \ \?) ; IFS=\ nl='
' rad=0 c=0 split=${split:-$nl} slice="$*"; set --
while [ -n "$slice" ] || _buf || ! ${1:+"_out"} "$@" &&
c=${slice%"${slice#?}"} slice=${slice#?}
do set "$@" "'$c" "${c#[![:print:]]}."
case $#$c in (32*|*$split) _out "$@"; set --;;esac
done
)
您可以将标准输入或参数或两者都交给它。所以...
echo "something
is
being
written
here" | hex_split something else besides
...以上印刷品...
00000000 73 6f 6d 65 74 68 69 6e 67 20 65 6c 73 65 20 62 |something else b|
00000010 65 73 69 64 65 73 00 73 6f 6d 65 74 68 69 6e 67 |esides.something|
00000020 0a |.|
00000021 69 73 0a |is.|
00000024 62 65 69 6e 67 0a |being.|
0000002a 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 0a |written.|
00000032 68 65 72 65 0a |here.|
更改默认的分割字符，例如...
split=${somechar} hex_split
答案3
我需要这个来使用 difftool 比较两个文件，但仍然能够看到哪些不可打印字符不同。
该功能添加了一个-n选项hexdump。如果-n指定，则输出将在换行符处分割，如果不调用正常的十六进制转储。与@Janis的答案相比，这并不是对hexdump的完全重写，而是使用指定的其他参数（如果给定）调用hexdump。但是 hexdump 通过使用headSkip选项逐行输入输入，-s以保留偏移量。该函数在通过管道传输以及指定文件时起作用。尽管它不像 hexdump 那样适用于多个指定文件。
我想让这成为一个更简单/更短的替代答案，但防范输入的所有这些边缘情况实际上使它变得更长。
hexdump()
{
# introduces artifical line breaks in hexdump output at newline characters
# might be useful for comparing files linewise, but still be able to
# see the differences in non-printable characters utilizing hexdump
# first argument must be -n else normal hexdump will be used
local isTmpFile=0
if [ "$1" != '-n' ]; then command hexdump "$@"; else
if [ -p /dev/stdin ]; then
local file="$( mktemp )" args=( "${@:2}" )
isTmpFile=1
cat > "$file" # save pipe to temporary file
else
local file="${@: -1}" args=( "${@:2:$#-2}" )
fi
# sed doesn't seem to work on file descripts for some very weird reason,
# the linelength will always be zero, so check for that, too ...
local readfile="$( readlink -- "$file" )"
if [ -n "$readfile" ]; then
# e.g. readlink might return pipe:[123456]
if [ "${readfile::1}" != '/' ]; then
readfile="$( mktemp )"
isTmpFile=1
cat "$file" > "$readfile"
file="$readfile"
else
file="$readfile"
fi
fi
# we can't use read here else \x00 in the file gets ignored.
# Plus read will ignore the last line if it does not have a \n!
# Unfortunately using sed '<linenumbeer>p' prints an additional \n
# on the last line, if it wasn't there, but I guess still better than
# ignoring it ...
local linelength offset nBytes="$( cat "$file" | wc -c )" line=1
for (( offset = 0; offset < nBytes; )); do
linelength=$( sed -n "$line{p;q}" -- "$file" | wc -c )
(( ++line ))
head -c $(( offset + $linelength )) -- "$file" |
command hexdump -s $offset "${args[@]}" | sed '$d'
(( offset += $linelength ))
done
# Hexdump displays a last empty line by default showing the
# file size, bute we delete this line in the loop using sed
# Now insert this last empty line by letting hexdump skip all input
head -c $offset -- "$file" | command hexdump -s $offset "$args"
if [ "$isTmpFile" -eq 1 ]; then rm "$file"; fi
fi
}
您可以尝试使用echo -e "test\nbbb\nomg\n" | hexdump -n -C以下打印：
00000000 74 65 73 74 0a |test.|
00000005 62 62 62 0a |bbb.|
00000009 6f 6d 67 0a |omg.|
0000000d 0a |.|
0000000e
作为奖励，这是我的hexdiff功能：
hexdiff()
{
# compares two files linewise in their hexadecimal representation
# create temporary files, because else the two 'hexdump -n' calls
# get executed multiple times alternatingly when using named pipes:
# colordiff <( hexdump -n -C "${@: -2:1}" ) <( hexdump -n -C "${@: -1:1}" )
local a="$( mktemp )" b="$( mktemp )"
hexdump -n -C "${@: -2:1}" | sed -r 's|^[0-9a-f]+[ \t]*||;' > "$a"
hexdump -n -C "${@: -1:1}" | sed -r 's|^[0-9a-f]+[ \t]*||;' > "$b"
colordiff "$a" "$b"
rm "$a" "$b"
}
例如使用 进行测试hexdiff <( printf "test\nbbb\x00 \nomg\nbar" ) <( printf "test\nbbb\nomg\nfoo" )，它将打印：
2c2
< 62 62 62 11 20 0a |bbb. .|
---
> 62 62 62 0a |bbb.|
4,5c4,5
< 62 61 72 |bar|
< 00000012
---
> 0c 6f 6f |.oo|
> 00000010
编辑：好吧，这个函数不适合像 8MB 这样的大文件，而且像comparehex或 之类的工具dhex也不够好，因为它们忽略换行符，因此无法很好地匹配差异。使用od和的组合sed要快得多：
hexlinedump()
{
local nChars=$1 file=$2
paste -d$'\n' -- <( od -w$( cat -- "$file" | wc -c ) -tx1 -v -An -- "$file" |
sed 's| 0a| 0a\n|g' | sed -r 's|(.{'"$(( 3*nChars ))"'})|\1\n|g' |
sed '/^ *$/d' ) <(
# need to delete empty lines, because 0a might be at the end of a char
# boundary, so that not only 0a, but also the character limit introduces
# a line break
sed -r 's|(.{'"$nChars"'})|\1\n|g' -- "$file" | sed -r 's|(.)| \1 |g' )
}
hexdiff()
{
colordiff <( hexlinedump 16 "${@: -2:1}" ) <( hexlinedump 16 "${@: -1:1}" )
}