我们已经安装了赛格威在Windows Server 2008 标准版服务器，运行良好。不幸的是，我们仍然有一个大问题。我们想通过 SSH 使用公钥进行连接，但不起作用。它总是回到使用密码登录。
我们已在服务器上附加了我们的公钥，并且在客户端上分别~/.ssh/authorized_keys拥有我们的私钥和公钥。~/.ssh/id_dsa~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
在调试 SSH 登录会话时，我们发现服务器提供的密钥似乎被某些人拒绝了未知原因。
从启用了调试信息的 Ubuntu 9.10 桌面连接时的 SSH 输出：
$ ssh -v 192.168.10.11
OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007
debug1: Reading configuration data /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/config
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: Applying options for
debug1: Connecting to 192.168.10.11 [192.168.10.11] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/identity type -1
debug1: identity file /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/id_dsa type 2
debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024
debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3
debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none
debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY
debug1: Host '192.168.10.11' is known and matches the RSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/known_hosts:12
debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering public key: /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive
debug1: Trying private key: /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/identity
debug1: Trying private key: /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive
debug1: Next authentication method: password
[email protected]'s password:
Cygwin 的版本：
$ uname -a
CYGWIN_NT-6.0 servername 1.7.1(0.218/5/3) 2009-12-07 11:48 i686 Cygwin
已安装的软件包：
$ cygcheck -c
Cygwin Package Information
Package Version Status
_update-info-dir 00871-1 OK
alternatives 1.3.30c-10 OK
arj 3.10.22-1 OK
aspell 0.60.5-1 OK
aspell-en 6.0.0-1 OK
aspell-sv 0.50.2-2 OK
autossh 1.4b-1 OK
base-cygwin 2.1-1 OK
base-files 3.9-3 OK
base-passwd 3.1-1 OK
bash 3.2.49-23 OK
bash-completion 1.1-2 OK
bc 1.06-2 OK
bzip2 1.0.5-10 OK
cabextract 1.1-1 OK
compface 1.5.2-1 OK
coreutils 7.0-2 OK
cron 4.1-59 OK
crypt 1.1-1 OK
csih 0.9.1-1 OK
curl 7.19.6-1 OK
cvs 1.12.13-10 OK
cvsutils 0.2.5-1 OK
cygrunsrv 1.34-1 OK
cygutils 1.4.2-1 OK
cygwin 1.7.1-1 OK
cygwin-doc 1.5-1 OK
cygwin-x-doc 1.1.0-1 OK
dash 0.5.5.1-2 OK
diffutils 2.8.7-2 OK
doxygen 1.6.1-2 OK
e2fsprogs 1.35-3 OK
editrights 1.01-2 OK
emacs 23.1-10 OK
emacs-X11 23.1-10 OK
file 5.04-1 OK
findutils 4.5.5-1 OK
flip 1.19-1 OK
font-adobe-dpi75 1.0.1-1 OK
font-alias 1.0.2-1 OK
font-encodings 1.0.3-1 OK
font-misc-misc 1.1.0-1 OK
fontconfig 2.8.0-1 OK
gamin 0.1.10-10 OK
gawk 3.1.7-1 OK
gettext 0.17-11 OK
gnome-icon-theme 2.28.0-1 OK
grep 2.5.4-2 OK
groff 1.19.2-2 OK
gvim 7.2.264-1 OK
gzip 1.3.12-2 OK
hicolor-icon-theme 0.11-1 OK
inetutils 1.5-6 OK
ipc-utils 1.0-1 OK
keychain 2.6.8-1 OK
less 429-1 OK
libaspell15 0.60.5-1 OK
libatk1.0_0 1.28.0-1 OK
libaudio2 1.9.2-1 OK
libbz2_1 1.0.5-10 OK
libcairo2 1.8.8-1 OK
libcurl4 7.19.6-1 OK
libdb4.2 4.2.52.5-2 OK
libdb4.5 4.5.20.2-2 OK
libexpat1 2.0.1-1 OK
libfam0 0.1.10-10 OK
libfontconfig1 2.8.0-1 OK
libfontenc1 1.0.5-1 OK
libfreetype6 2.3.12-1 OK
libgcc1 4.3.4-3 OK
libgdbm4 1.8.3-20 OK
libgdk_pixbuf2.0_0 2.18.6-1 OK
libgif4 4.1.6-10 OK
libGL1 7.6.1-1 OK
libglib2.0_0 2.22.4-2 OK
libglitz1 0.5.6-10 OK
libgmp3 4.3.1-3 OK
libgtk2.0_0 2.18.6-1 OK
libICE6 1.0.6-1 OK
libiconv2 1.13.1-1 OK
libidn11 1.16-1 OK
libintl3 0.14.5-1 OK
libintl8 0.17-11 OK
libjasper1 1.900.1-1 OK
libjbig2 2.0-11 OK
libjpeg62 6b-21 OK
libjpeg7 7-10 OK
liblzma1 4.999.9beta-10 OK
libncurses10 5.7-18 OK
libncurses8 5.5-10 OK
libncurses9 5.7-16 OK
libopenldap2_3_0 2.3.43-1 OK
libpango1.0_0 1.26.2-1 OK
libpcre0 8.00-1 OK
libpixman1_0 0.16.6-1 OK
libpng12 1.2.35-10 OK
libpopt0 1.6.4-4 OK
libpq5 8.2.11-1 OK
libreadline6 5.2.14-12 OK
libreadline7 6.0.3-2 OK
libsasl2 2.1.19-3 OK
libSM6 1.1.1-1 OK
libssh2_1 1.2.2-1 OK
libssp0 4.3.4-3 OK
libstdc++6 4.3.4-3 OK
libtiff5 3.9.2-1 OK
libwrap0 7.6-20 OK
libX11_6 1.3.3-1 OK
libXau6 1.0.5-1 OK
libXaw3d7 1.5D-8 OK
libXaw7 1.0.7-1 OK
libxcb-render-util0 0.3.6-1 OK
libxcb-render0 1.5-1 OK
libxcb1 1.5-1 OK
libXcomposite1 0.4.1-1 OK
libXcursor1 1.1.10-1 OK
libXdamage1 1.1.2-1 OK
libXdmcp6 1.0.3-1 OK
libXext6 1.1.1-1 OK
libXfixes3 4.0.4-1 OK
libXft2 2.1.14-1 OK
libXi6 1.3-1 OK
libXinerama1 1.1-1 OK
libxkbfile1 1.0.6-1 OK
libxml2 2.7.6-1 OK
libXmu6 1.0.5-1 OK
libXmuu1 1.0.5-1 OK
libXpm4 3.5.8-1 OK
libXrandr2 1.3.0-10 OK
libXrender1 0.9.5-1 OK
libXt6 1.0.7-1 OK
links 1.00pre20-1 OK
login 1.10-10 OK
luit 1.0.5-1 OK
lynx 2.8.5-4 OK
man 1.6e-1 OK
minires 1.02-1 OK
mkfontdir 1.0.5-1 OK
mkfontscale 1.0.7-1 OK
openssh 5.4p1-1 OK
openssl 0.9.8m-1 OK
patch 2.5.8-9 OK
patchutils 0.3.1-1 OK
perl 5.10.1-3 OK
rebase 3.0.1-1 OK
run 1.1.12-11 OK
screen 4.0.3-5 OK
sed 4.1.5-2 OK
shared-mime-info 0.70-1 OK
tar 1.22.90-1 OK
terminfo 5.7_20091114-13 OK
terminfo0 5.5_20061104-11 OK
texinfo 4.13-3 OK
tidy 041206-1 OK
time 1.7-2 OK
tzcode 2009k-1 OK
unzip 6.0-10 OK
util-linux 2.14.1-1 OK
vim 7.2.264-2 OK
wget 1.11.4-4 OK
which 2.20-2 OK
wput 0.6.1-2 OK
xauth 1.0.4-1 OK
xclipboard 1.1.0-1 OK
xcursor-themes 1.0.2-1 OK
xemacs 21.4.22-1 OK
xemacs-emacs-common 21.4.22-1 OK
xemacs-sumo 2007-04-27-1 OK
xemacs-tags 21.4.22-1 OK
xeyes 1.1.0-1 OK
xinit 1.2.1-1 OK
xinput 1.5.0-1 OK
xkbcomp 1.1.1-1 OK
xkeyboard-config 1.8-1 OK
xkill 1.0.2-1 OK
xmodmap 1.0.4-1 OK
xorg-docs 1.5-1 OK
xorg-server 1.7.6-2 OK
xrdb 1.0.6-1 OK
xset 1.1.0-1 OK
xterm 255-1 OK
xz 4.999.9beta-10 OK
zip 3.0-11 OK
zlib 1.2.3-10 OK
zlib-devel 1.2.3-10 OK
zlib0 1.2.3-10 OK
ssh 守护进程配置文件：
$ cat /etc/sshd_config
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.80 2008/07/02 02:24:18 djm Exp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/bin
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options change a
# default value.
Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
# Disable legacy (protocol version 1) support in the server for new
# installations. In future the default will change to require explicit
# activation of protocol 1
Protocol 2
# HostKey for protocol version 1
#HostKey /etc/ssh_host_key
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
#HostKey /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key
# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
#KeyRegenerationInterval 1h
#ServerKeyBits 1024
# Logging
# obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
#LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
#LoginGraceTime 2m
#PermitRootLogin yes
StrictModes no
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts
#RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes
# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
#UsePAM no
AllowAgentForwarding yes
AllowTcpForwarding yes
GatewayPorts yes
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
X11UseLocalhost no
#PrintMotd yes
#PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
UsePrivilegeSeparation yes
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#UseDNS yes
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
# no default banner path
#Banner none
# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/sbin/sftp-server
# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
#X11Forwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#ForceCommand cvs server
我希望这些信息足以解决问题。如果需要更多信息，请评论，我会添加。谢谢阅读！
答案1
一位同事上周遇到了这个问题，他最终将其追溯到 /etc/passwd 中需要成为本地管理员的主要组。
答案2
确保您~/.ssh/和底层文件的访问权限为 700 或更少。否则 ssh 将忽略您的授权密钥。
答案3
我在一台机器 (Mac OSX) 上有三个帐户，我设置了所有帐户的 .ssh/authorized_keys 文件，以包含其他两个帐户的 id_rsa.pub。但我无法从其他两个帐户“ssh”进入其中一个帐户，但它们可以“ssh”到彼此。
答案来自一篇名为 的博客Debugging SSH public key authentication problems。我的“坏”帐户对其主目录具有组和公共“写入”权限。我所要做的就是
chmod 755 /Users/yourname
其中，yourname 是坏帐户，并且您已登录到该帐户，或使用“sudo”（root）权限。检查一下。它对我有用。
答案4
对于搜索目的：对我来说，只有当私钥名为 id_rsa 时，它才有效。在详细消息中，您会看到，这是他默认查找的模式。
否则你必须将其命名为“ssh -i .ssh/keyname user@server”