我购买了 QBox-1000，安装了 Wheezy 和一些服务（SSH、Samba、Transmission 等）。现在我想更上一层楼。我想知道什么是什么以及如何进行一些高级操作，例如。我连接了 Logitech Quickcam E2500，出现了问题，因为首先我可以用它录音，但没有声音。然后我尝试了几件事，现在系统不加载相机的驱动程序（可能根本没有驱动程序）。
请让我知道理论是什么，然后告诉我如何制作（或加载或安装）特定的驱动程序。 （据我所知，我需要这个驱动程序/模块：GSPCA）
据我所知，理论是：
- 连接设备
- 安装/设置驱动程序
- 安装/设置应用程序
- 使用应用程序
root@qbox:~# uname -a
Linux qbox 3.2.0-4-686-pae #1 SMP Debian 3.2.54-2 i686 GNU/Linux
root@qbox:~# lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 1687:2029 Kingmax Digital Inc.
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 046d:089d Logitech, Inc. QuickCam E2500 series
root@qbox:~# dmesg | grep usbcore
[ 9.865932] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 9.866022] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 9.881131] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 10.393143] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 11.587918] usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio
/lib/modules/3.2.0-4-686-pae/kernel/drivers/media/video/gspca/gl860/gspca_gl860.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-4-686-pae/kernel/drivers/media/video/gspca/gspca_spca500.ko
有文件夹，但它们是空的。也许我应该从源代码构建自己的驱动程序，但所有尝试都失败了。如果我想（重新）安装该软件包：
root@qbox:~# apt-get install linux-image-3.2.0-4-686-pae
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
linux-image-3.2.0-4-686-pae is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
或者标题...
root@qbox:~# apt-get install linux-headers-3.2.0-4-686-pae
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
linux-headers-3.2.0-4-686-pae is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
root@qbox:~# apt-get --reinstall install linux-image-3.2.0-4-686-pae
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 22.9 MB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ stable/main linux-image-3.2.0-4-686-pae i386 3.2.54-2 [22.9 MB]
Fetched 22.9 MB in 7s (3,139 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 45853 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace linux-image-3.2.0-4-686-pae 3.2.54-2 (using .../linuximage-3.2.0-4-686-pae_3.2.54-2_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement linux-image-3.2.0-4-686-pae ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-4-686-pae /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-686-pae
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-4-686-pae /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-686-pae
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-4-686-pae (3.2.54-2) ...
Running depmod.
Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-4-686-pae /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-686-pae
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-4-686-pae
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168f-2.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168f-1.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168e-3.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168e-2.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168e-1.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168d-2.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168d-1.fw for module r8169
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.2.0-4-686-pae /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-686-pae
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-4-686-pae /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-686-pae
Generating grub.cfg ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-686-pae
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-4-686-pae
Found Windows Recovery Environment (loader) on /dev/sdb1
done
重新安装后...
root@qbox:~# dmesg | grep usbcore
[ 9.900699] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 9.900787] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 9.915960] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 10.408958] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 11.391045] usbcore: registered new interface driver zc3xx
[ 11.566040] usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio
我错过了这个：zc3xx
答案1
正如@Graeme所说，您可以使用以下命令重新安装该软件包
sudo apt-get --reinstall install linux-image-3.2.0-4-686-pae
这应该重新安装所有文件（包括您丢失的文件）。
注意 - 由于 @Graeme 最终没有发布他的评论作为答案，这是正确的做法，请参阅这元帖子。
您还应该运行：
sudo apt-get install firmware-realtek
处理您的 NIC 丢失的固件。
答案2
问题是驱动程序被列为在软件包中，但由于某种原因不在系统上。这可能是由于安装中的一些错误而发生的。首先要尝试的是简单地重新安装：
sudo apt-get --reinstall install linux-image-3.2.0-4-686-pae
请注意，如果没有--reinstall，apt-get只会注意到该软件包已安装，然后不执行任何操作。如果文件后来不存在，apt-get至少应该给出一个原因。
通常，您需要确保包中的文件已正确安装，因为如果没有正确安装，这可能不是您遇到的唯一问题。
为了将来的参考，您可以用来apt-file找出特定文件所在的包。通常您首先会使用以下命令更新数据库：
sudo apt-file update
并进行搜索：
apt-file search gspca_gl860.ko