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对于 Web 服务器的 IPTABLE 速率限制应该使用什么限制

tag-icon • tag-icon web-server iptables linux denial-of-service hardening
对于 Web 服务器的 IPTABLE 速率限制应该使用什么限制

我在我的网络服务器上看到一些如下日志

203.252.157.98 -   :25:02    "GET //phpmyadmin/ HTTP/1.1" 404 393 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 -   :25:03    "GET //phpMyAdmin/ HTTP/1.1" 404 394 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 -   :25:03    "GET //pma/ HTTP/1.1" 404 388 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 -   :25:04    "GET //dbadmin/ HTTP/1.1" 404 391 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 -   :25:05    "GET //myadmin/ HTTP/1.1" 404 391 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 -   :25:06    "GET //phppgadmin/ HTTP/1.1" 404 394 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 -   :25:06    "GET //PMA/ HTTP/1.1" 404 389 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 -   :25:07    "GET //admin/ HTTP/1.1" 404 389 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 -   :25:08    "GET //MyAdmin/ HTTP/1.1" 404 392 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 -   :27:36    "GET //phpmyadmin/ HTTP/1.1" 404 393 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 -   :27:42    "GET //phpMyAdmin/ HTTP/1.1" 404 394 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 -   :27:42    "GET //pma/ HTTP/1.1" 404 388 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 -   :27:43    "GET //dbadmin/ HTTP/1.1" 404 391 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"
203.252.157.98 - -    "GET //myadmin/ HTTP/1.1" 404 391 "-" "Made by ZmEu @ WhiteHat Team - www.whitehat.ro"

还有一些如下

118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:22:57:41    "GET /pma/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 399 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:22:57:41    "GET /scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 397 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:22:57:42    "GET /sqlweb/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 401 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:22:57:42    "GET /web/phpMyAdmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 408 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:22:57:43    "GET /web/phpmyadmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 408 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:22:57:44    "GET /web/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 400 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:22:57:44    "GET /webadmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 403 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:22:57:45    "GET /webdb/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 401 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:22:57:45    "GET /websql/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 401 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:51    "GET /admin/phpmyadmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 407 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:52    "GET /admin/pma/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 404 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:52    "GET /admin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 401 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:53    "GET /db/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 399 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:54    "GET /dbadmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 402 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:54    "GET /myadmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 403 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:55    "GET /mysql/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 401 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:55    "GET /mysqladmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 405 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:56    "GET /phpMyAdmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 405 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:56    "GET /phpadmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 403 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:57    "GET /phpmyadmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 404 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:57    "GET /pma/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 399 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:58    "GET /scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 397 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:58    "GET /sqlweb/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 401 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:59    "GET /web/phpMyAdmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 408 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:38:59    "GET /web/phpmyadmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 408 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:39:00    "GET /web/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 400 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:39:01    "GET /webadmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 403 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:39:01    "GET /webdb/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 401 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"
118.219.234.254 - - [19/Oct/2010:05:39:02    "GET /websql/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 401 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows 98)"

我有 2 个问题
1) 当我的网站上发生此类攻击时，在进行此类扫描时我该如何检测它？（在很短的时间内）
2) 我已决定对 IPTABLES 进行速率限制，以便在一定程度上减少某些脚本小子（扫描 phpmyadmin 或其他脚本中的漏洞）的此类 DOS 攻击。那么应该限制到什么程度才能不让真正的用户被踢出。问题 2 的最佳做法是什么？

答案1

你应该考虑安装类似的东西，而不是限制你的网络服务器的速率失败2ban. 拥有合适的过滤器它可用于在 iptables 防火墙上禁止 IP 地址。您可以将其配置为禁止匹配的 IP 地址，从几分钟到永久禁止。

编辑：

您可以使用 fail2ban 来实现这一点。/etc/fail2ban/filter.d/apache-noscript.conf 文件对实现您的目标大有帮助。

您可以将 jail 添加到使用它的 /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf 中

[apache-noscript]

enabled  = true
filter   = apache-noscript
action   = iptables[name=Apache, port=80, protocol=tcp]
           sendmail[name=Postfix, [email protected]]
logpath  = /var/log/httpd/error_log
maxretry = 5
bantime = some value you like

请注意，你的错误日志可能与我的位于不同的位置，例如 /var/log/apache2/error.log

答案2

当我的网站上发生此类攻击时，在进行此类扫描时我该如何检测到它？

使用 IDS 等呼噜或日志分析器（fail2ban）。

对于问题 2 的最佳做法是什么？

最佳实践是阻止 IP 和 CAPTCHA 重定向。

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