在下面的部分日志中，那些带有and 的dev-disk行，我如何找出哪个服务（例如）负责它们，以便我可以在 my 中附加一个（如下所示）以确保它首先停止？dev-dmtimed outtimeoutthat.serviceAfter=that.servicequbes-core.serviceQubes Dom0 startup setup
[ 3866.707545] systemd[1]: Started Show Plymouth Reboot Screen.
[ 3866.777998] qmemman.systemstate[1620]: mem-set domain 3 to 4194304000
[ 3866.778860] qmemman.systemstate[1620]: mem-set domain 7 to 4194304000
[ 3866.779587] qmemman.systemstate[1620]: mem-set domain 6 to 4194304000
[ 3866.951011] systemd[1]: Stopped Restore /run/initramfs on shutdown.
[ 3871.685359] systemd[1]: Received SIGRTMIN+20 from PID 9952 (plymouthd).
[ 3956.361763] systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2did-dm\x2dname\x2dluks\x2d9ed952b5\x2d2aa8\x2d4564\x2db700\x2dfb23f5c9e94b.device: Job dev-disk-by\x2did-dm\x2dname\x2dluks\x2d9ed952b5\x2d2aa8\x2d4564\x2db700\x2dfb23f5c9e94b.device/stop timed out.
[ 3956.362322] systemd[1]: Timed out stopping /dev/disk/by-id/dm-name-luks-9ed952b5-2aa8-4564-b700-fb23f5c9e94b.
[ 3956.362945] systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2did-dm\x2dname\x2dluks\x2d9ed952b5\x2d2aa8\x2d4564\x2db700\x2dfb23f5c9e94b.device: Job dev-disk-by\x2did-dm\x2dname\x2dluks\x2d9ed952b5\x2d2aa8\x2d4564\x2db700\x2dfb23f5c9e94b.device/stop failed with result 'timeout'.
[ 3956.363698] systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2did-lvm\x2dpv\x2duuid\x2dpxC3ch\x2d0MF0\x2dOzJs\x2dJogd\x2d9rOz\x2dJkSt\x2dCf8G7m.device: Job dev-disk-by\x2did-lvm\x2dpv\x2duuid\x2dpxC3ch\x2d0MF0\x2dOzJs\x2dJogd\x2d9rOz\x2dJkSt\x2dCf8G7m.device/stop timed out.
[ 3956.363702] systemd[1]: Timed out stopping /dev/disk/by-id/lvm-pv-uuid-pxC3ch-0MF0-OzJs-Jogd-9rOz-JkSt-Cf8G7m.
[ 3956.366332] systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2did-lvm\x2dpv\x2duuid\x2dpxC3ch\x2d0MF0\x2dOzJs\x2dJogd\x2d9rOz\x2dJkSt\x2dCf8G7m.device: Job dev-disk-by\x2did-lvm\x2dpv\x2duuid\x2dpxC3ch\x2d0MF0\x2dOzJs\x2dJogd\x2d9rOz\x2dJkSt\x2dCf8G7m.device/stop failed with result 'timeout'.
[ 3956.367093] systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2did-dm\x2duuid\x2dCRYPT\x2dLUKS1\x2d9ed952b52aa84564b700fb23f5c9e94b\x2dluks\x2d9ed952b5\x2d2aa8\x2d4564\x2db700\x2dfb23f5c9e94b.device: Job dev-disk-by\x2did-dm\x2duuid\x2dCRYPT\x2dLUKS1\x2d9ed952b52aa84564b700fb23f5c9e94b\x2dluks\x2d9ed952b5\x2d2aa8\x2d4564\x2db700\x2dfb23f5c9e94b.device/stop timed out.
[ 3956.367098] systemd[1]: Timed out stopping /dev/disk/by-id/dm-uuid-CRYPT-LUKS1-9ed952b52aa84564b700fb23f5c9e94b-luks-9ed952b5-2aa8-4564-b700-fb23f5c9e94b.
[ 3956.368768] systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2did-dm\x2duuid\x2dCRYPT\x2dLUKS1\x2d9ed952b52aa84564b700fb23f5c9e94b\x2dluks\x2d9ed952b5\x2d2aa8\x2d4564\x2db700\x2dfb23f5c9e94b.device: Job dev-disk-by\x2did-dm\x2duuid\x2dCRYPT\x2dLUKS1\x2d9ed952b52aa84564b700fb23f5c9e94b\x2dluks\x2d9ed952b5\x2d2aa8\x2d4564\x2db700\x2dfb23f5c9e94b.device/stop failed with result 'timeout'.
[ 3956.368789] systemd[1]: dev-dm\x2d0.device: Job dev-dm\x2d0.device/stop timed out.
[ 3956.368808] systemd[1]: Timed out stopping /dev/dm-0.
[ 3956.372748] systemd[1]: dev-dm\x2d0.device: Job dev-dm\x2d0.device/stop failed with result 'timeout'.
[ 3956.372769] systemd[1]: sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d0.device: Job sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d0.device/stop timed out.
[ 3956.372774] systemd[1]: Timed out stopping /sys/devices/virtual/block/dm-0.
[ 3956.375485] systemd[1]: sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d0.device: Job sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d0.device/stop failed with result 'timeout'.
[ 3956.375509] systemd[1]: session-2.scope: Stopping timed out. Killing.
[ 3956.375570] systemd[1]: session-2.scope: Killing process 3576 (qubes-guid) with signal SIGKILL.
[ 3956.376535] systemd[1]: Stopped Session 2 of user ctor.
[ 3956.381215] systemd[1]: session-2.scope: Unit entered failed state.
[ 3956.381915] systemd[1]: Removed slice User Slice of ctor.
[ 3956.385125] systemd[1]: Stopping Login Service...
[ 3956.389095] systemd[1]: Stopping Permit User Sessions...
[ 3956.393457] systemd[1]: Stopped Permit User Sessions.
[ 3956.396533] systemd[1]: Stopped Start Qubes VM sys-firewall.
[ 3956.399094] systemd[1]: Stopped Start Qubes VM sys-net.
[ 3956.402260] systemd[1]: Removed slice system-qubes\x2dvm.slice.
[ 3956.405398] systemd[1]: Stopping Qubes memory information reporter...
[ 3956.409027] systemd[1]: Stopped Qubes memory information reporter.
[ 3956.413280] systemd[1]: Stopping Qubes Dom0 startup setup...
[ 3956.433905] preshutdown[9971]: Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s)
[ 3956.438400] preshutdown[9971]: Domain-0 0 4071 6 r----- 706.6
[ 3956.439730] preshutdown[9971]: sys-net 1 384 2 -b---- 10.7
[ 3956.441032] preshutdown[9971]: sys-net-dm 2 144 1 -b---- 151.6
[ 3956.442332] preshutdown[9971]: sys-firewall 3 3983 2 -b---- 15.0
答案1
您可以使用systemctl show <device>查看有关处理 *.device 的单元文件的更多详细信息。
例如，在我的 CentOS 7.x 系统上，如果我们查看journalctl -b某些设备：
$ journalctl -b | grep 'systemd\[1\]: dev-disk-by' | head -3
Sep 03 17:48:57 centos7 systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:00:01.1\x2data\x2d1.0.device changed dead -> plugged
Sep 03 17:48:57 centos7 systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2did-ata\x2dVBOX_HARDDISK_VBc5aaf476\x2df419b1f1.device changed dead -> plugged
Sep 03 17:48:57 centos7 systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2duuid-013c42ea\x2daa00\x2d4713\x2d926a\x2daca57c0bd552.device changed dead -> plugged
现在，如果我们向 systemd 查询这些文件之一.device：
$ systemctl show 'dev-disk-by\x2duuid-013c42ea\x2daa00\x2d4713\x2d926a\x2daca57c0bd552.device'
SysFSPath=/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1/ata1/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda2
Id=dev-disk-by\x5cx2duuid-013c42ea\x5cx2daa00\x5cx2d4713\x5cx2d926a\x5cx2daca57c0bd552.device
Names=dev-disk-by\x5cx2duuid-013c42ea\x5cx2daa00\x5cx2d4713\x5cx2d926a\x5cx2daca57c0bd552.device
Following=sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:01.1-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda2.device
Description=VBOX_HARDDISK 2
LoadState=loaded
ActiveState=active
SubState=plugged
InactiveExitTimestamp=Mon 2018-09-03 21:48:59 EDT
InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic=4178671
ActiveEnterTimestamp=Mon 2018-09-03 21:48:59 EDT
ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic=4178671
ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic=0
InactiveEnterTimestampMonotonic=0
CanStart=no
CanStop=no
CanReload=no
CanIsolate=no
StopWhenUnneeded=no
RefuseManualStart=no
RefuseManualStop=no
AllowIsolate=no
DefaultDependencies=yes
OnFailureJobMode=replace
IgnoreOnIsolate=yes
IgnoreOnSnapshot=yes
NeedDaemonReload=no
JobTimeoutUSec=1min 30s
JobTimeoutAction=none
ConditionResult=no
AssertResult=no
ConditionTimestampMonotonic=0
AssertTimestampMonotonic=0
Transient=no
笔记：那\x2d实际上是破折号的 ASCII 代码。
$ printf '\x2d\n'
-
之后=？
在其他服务中设置什么，以便它们在 .device 文件之后启动？为此，您需要使用这个，After=system.device.您可以像这样查看该设备的状态，尽管它不是很明显：
$ systemctl status system.device
● system.device
Loaded: loaded
Active: inactive (dead)
Sep 03 21:49:52 centos7 systemd[1]: Collecting system.device
笔记：您也可以互换使用systemd.device。