我正在尝试从故障 NAS 的 RAID5 阵列中恢复所有我能恢复的数据。
磁盘被物理移动到另一台服务器以便进行映像处理，但 Knoppix “有帮助地”在启动时检测并恢复了阵列：-
[ 677.791667] md: md0 stopped.
[ 677.793443] md: bind<sdb>
[ 677.793580] md: bind<sdc>
[ 677.793866] md: bind<sdd>
[ 677.794004] md: bind<sda>
[ 678.671014] md: raid6 personality registered for level 6
[ 678.671017] md: raid5 personality registered for level 5
[ 678.671019] md: raid4 personality registered for level 4
[ 678.671446] md/raid:md0: device sda operational as raid disk 0
[ 678.671449] md/raid:md0: device sdc operational as raid disk 2
[ 678.671452] md/raid:md0: device sdb operational as raid disk 1
[ 678.671840] md/raid:md0: allocated 4222kB
[ 678.671874] md/raid:md0: raid level 5 active with 3 out of 4 devices, algorithm 2
[ 678.671877] RAID conf printout:
[ 678.671879] --- level:5 rd:4 wd:3
[ 678.671881] disk 0, o:1, dev:sda
[ 678.671883] disk 1, o:1, dev:sdb
[ 678.671886] disk 2, o:1, dev:sdc
[ 678.671888] disk 3, o:1, dev:sdd
[ 678.671923] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 4500901330944
^ RAID conf printout repeated
^ RAID conf printout repeated
[ 678.679071] md: recovery of RAID array md0
[ 678.679074] md: minimum _guaranteed_ speed: 1000 KB/sec/disk.
[ 678.679077] md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for recovery.
[ 678.679083] md: using 128k window, over a total of 1465137152 blocks.
[ 678.679086] md: resuming recovery of md0 from checkpoint.
[ 678.694387] md0: unknown partition table
[18209.608703] md: md0: recovery done
[18209.690600] RAID conf printout:
[18209.690605] --- level:5 rd:4 wd:4
[18209.690607] disk 0, o:1, dev:sda
[18209.690610] disk 1, o:1, dev:sdb
[18209.690612] disk 2, o:1, dev:sdc
[18209.690614] disk 3, o:1, dev:sdd
之后，阵列看起来很健康，/proc/mdstat显示：-
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md0 : active raid5 sda[0] sdd[4] sdc[2] sdb[1]
4395411456 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]
但是，我无法/dev/md0直接安装或找到任何逻辑卷。
使用dd提取的前 512 个字节/dev/md0可以得到位于阵列而不是 MBR 上的文件的部分内容，因此我怀疑
这是因为数组的组装顺序是错误的。
如果正确，我该如何重新组装阵列？
如果没有，尝试从阵列中恢复数据的最佳方法是什么？
mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sun Aug 7 17:25:36 2011
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 4395411456 (4191.79 GiB 4500.90 GB)
Used Dev Size : 1465137152 (1397.26 GiB 1500.30 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Fri Aug 12 21:54:53 2011
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : Microknoppix:1 (local to host Microknoppix)
UUID : 37b79cab:d800da6a:eec72e0d:6547b6ef
Events : 19
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 0 0 active sync /dev/sda
1 8 16 1 active sync /dev/sdb
2 8 32 2 active sync /dev/sdc
4 8 48 3 active sync /dev/sdd
mdadm -E /dev/sd？
/dev/sda:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 37b79cab:d800da6a:eec72e0d:6547b6ef
Name : Microknoppix:1 (local to host Microknoppix)
Creation Time : Sun Aug 7 17:25:36 2011
Raid Level : raid5
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 2930275120 (1397.26 GiB 1500.30 GB)
Array Size : 8790822912 (4191.79 GiB 4500.90 GB)
Used Dev Size : 2930274304 (1397.26 GiB 1500.30 GB)
Data Offset : 2048 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 42c9006b:1405120d:edf4d6da:e707f2dd
Update Time : Mon Aug 15 02:19:35 2011
Checksum : 40b694de - correct
Events : 19
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 0
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdb:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 37b79cab:d800da6a:eec72e0d:6547b6ef
Name : Microknoppix:1 (local to host Microknoppix)
Creation Time : Sun Aug 7 17:25:36 2011
Raid Level : raid5
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 2930275120 (1397.26 GiB 1500.30 GB)
Array Size : 8790822912 (4191.79 GiB 4500.90 GB)
Used Dev Size : 2930274304 (1397.26 GiB 1500.30 GB)
Data Offset : 2048 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 39fc5928:11ecb5b6:c3c088e6:2833b7ea
Update Time : Mon Aug 15 02:19:35 2011
Checksum : c02aa5ea - correct
Events : 19
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 1
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdc:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 37b79cab:d800da6a:eec72e0d:6547b6ef
Name : Microknoppix:1 (local to host Microknoppix)
Creation Time : Sun Aug 7 17:25:36 2011
Raid Level : raid5
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 2930275120 (1397.26 GiB 1500.30 GB)
Array Size : 8790822912 (4191.79 GiB 4500.90 GB)
Used Dev Size : 2930274304 (1397.26 GiB 1500.30 GB)
Data Offset : 2048 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 90c64aa7:82b06090:fe9363e1:380dc0da
Update Time : Mon Aug 15 02:19:35 2011
Checksum : 3a9e1ff - correct
Events : 19
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 2
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdd:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 37b79cab:d800da6a:eec72e0d:6547b6ef
Name : Microknoppix:1 (local to host Microknoppix)
Creation Time : Sun Aug 7 17:25:36 2011
Raid Level : raid5
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 2930275120 (1397.26 GiB 1500.30 GB)
Array Size : 8790822912 (4191.79 GiB 4500.90 GB)
Used Dev Size : 2930274304 (1397.26 GiB 1500.30 GB)
Data Offset : 2048 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : fab3ec51:50f9bbc6:7ac51700:54195903
Update Time : Mon Aug 15 02:19:35 2011
Checksum : 2bf455cf - correct
Events : 19
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 3
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x894e894e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT
Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdc: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdd: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdd doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/md0: 4500.9 GB, 4500901330944 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 1098852864 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1572864 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x312e312f
Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table