dmesg我打开计算机大约半小时后出现这些错误：
[ 1355.677957] EXT4-fs error (device sda2): htree_dirblock_to_tree: inode #1318420: (comm updatedb.mlocat) bad entry in directory: directory entry across blocks - block=5251700offset=0(0), inode=1802725748, rec_len=179136, name_len=32
[ 1355.677973] Aborting journal on device sda2-8.
[ 1355.678101] EXT4-fs (sda2): Remounting filesystem read-only
[ 1355.690144] EXT4-fs error (device sda2): htree_dirblock_to_tree: inode #1318416: (comm updatedb.mlocat) bad entry in directory: directory entry across blocks - block=5251699offset=0(0), inode=2194783952, rec_len=53280, name_len=152
[ 1356.864720] EXT4-fs error (device sda2): htree_dirblock_to_tree: inode #1312795: (comm updatedb.mlocat) bad entry in directory: directory entry across blocks - block=5251176offset=1460(13748), inode=1432317541, rec_len=208208, name_len=119
/dev/sda是一个 SSD，它使用 noop 调度程序。
/etc/fstab入口：
UUID=acb4eefa-48ff-4ee1-bb5f-2dccce7d011f / ext4 errors=remount-ro,noatime,discard,user_xattr 0 1
系统信息：
$ cat /proc/mounts | grep /dev/sd
/dev/sda1 /boot ext2 rw,noatime,errors=continue 0 0
$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=10.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=lucid
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS"
$ uname -a
Linux leetpad 2.6.35-30-generic-pae #61~lucid1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Oct 13 21:14:29 UTC 2011 i686 GNU/Linux
输出smartctl -a：
smartctl version 5.38 [i686-pc-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: STT_FTM28GX25H
Serial Number: P637510-MIBY-706A009
Firmware Version: 1916
User Capacity: 128,035,676,160 bytes
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: 8
ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is: Thu Nov 24 20:53:48 2011 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
See vendor-specific Attribute list for marginal Attributes.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x1d) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Abort Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
No Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x00) Error logging NOT supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 0) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 0) minutes.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x0000 005 000 000 Old_age Offline In_the_past 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0000 141 002 000 Old_age Offline - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0000 115 002 000 Old_age Offline - 0
184 Unknown_Attribute 0x0000 084 000 000 Old_age Offline In_the_past 0
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x0000 000 000 000 Old_age Offline FAILING_NOW 0
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0000 000 000 000 Old_age Offline FAILING_NOW 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0000 000 000 000 Old_age Offline FAILING_NOW 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0000 002 107 000 Old_age Offline - 21198
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0000 063 003 000 Old_age Offline - 26957
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0000 099 124 000 Old_age Offline - 446
201 Soft_Read_Error_Rate 0x0000 024 154 000 Old_age Offline - 328
202 TA_Increase_Count 0x0000 115 254 000 Old_age Offline - 115
203 Run_Out_Cancel 0x0000 247 245 000 Old_age Offline - 83
204 Shock_Count_Write_Opern 0x0000 000 000 000 Old_age Offline FAILING_NOW 0
205 Shock_Rate_Write_Opern 0x0000 016 039 000 Old_age Offline - 0
206 Flying_Height 0x0000 005 000 000 Old_age Offline In_the_past 0
207 Spin_High_Current 0x0000 055 015 000 Old_age Offline - 0
208 Spin_Buzz 0x0000 248 001 000 Old_age Offline - 0
209 Offline_Seek_Performnce 0x0000 095 000 000 Old_age Offline In_the_past 0
211 Unknown_Attribute 0x0000 000 000 000 Old_age Offline FAILING_NOW 0
212 Unknown_Attribute 0x0000 000 000 000 Old_age Offline FAILING_NOW 0
213 Unknown_Attribute 0x0000 000 000 000 Old_age Offline FAILING_NOW 0
Warning: device does not support Error Logging
Warning! SMART ATA Error Log Structure error: invalid SMART checksum.
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
Warning! SMART Self-Test Log Structure error: invalid SMART checksum.
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
Device does not support Selective Self Tests/Logging
我已经运行 memtest 7 个小时了，没有发现任何内存错误。
在这种情况下，有什么明显的想法会出错吗？我能想到的最合理的事情是 SSD 默默地丢弃了一些写入请求，最终导致 EXT4 文件系统不一致（但没有磁盘 I/O 错误）。这怎么会发生？是否有相关的配置选项我应该确保正确设置？
我应该使用什么工具来诊断硬件故障？是否有可能在不覆盖数据的情况下诊断 SSD 故障？
答案1
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0000 002 107 000 Old_age 离线 - 21198
它失败了，RMA 它。
您可能想要对其进行 SMART 测试，但是对于这样的值，这只是一种形式，它不太可能失败。
要运行测试，请使用
smartctl -t 长 /dev/sda
它会告诉您测试何时结束，然后您smartctl -a /dev/sda再次运行，它会在自检部分显示测试结果。
答案2
首先，您可能需要对根磁盘进行完整的 fsck。有时，我发现快速检查有时会遗漏一些重要错误。您可以通过触摸根目录中的文件（可能取决于 Linux 发行版）来执行此操作，但可以尝试
touch /forcefsck
并重新启动或启动救援 CD 并在那里执行根目录的 fsck。完整是指使用 -f fsck 参数。
其次，您的系统日志是否指示任何硬件错误？
正如 Kario 先生所指出的，您可以使用 smartctl 检查磁盘健康状况。但我发现我使用过的一些磁盘没有报告信息。