1TB Seagate Barracuda ST31000528AS - 意外的“离线不可纠正扇区”

1TB Seagate Barracuda ST31000528AS - 意外的“离线不可纠正扇区”

大约 18 个月前,我购买了 1TB Seagate Barracuda 7200.12 - ST31000528AS 硬盘,因为它有 5 年保修,并将它与 Ubuntu Server 下的 Samsung Spinpoint 一起用作软件 RAID-1 阵列的一半。

昨天,smartd开始报告一个问题:

Jan 18 06:08:03 svr smartd[2672]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], 2 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors
Jan 18 06:08:03 svr smartd[2672]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], 2 Offline uncorrectable sectors

我随后使用 smartctl 进行了调查...并在安排了一些测试后得到了以下结果:

$ smartctl -l error /dev/sdb
smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.0.0-14-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
$ smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.0.0-14-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       10%     12451         1953523918
# 2  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     12445         1953523918
# 3  Short offline       Completed: read failure       60%     12445         1953523918
# 4  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      5532         -

$

只有“自检”输出记录了任何类型的问题 - 虽然我不是 100% 清楚如何解释它。我怀疑我可能同时安排了两个短测试... 虽然我不确定为什么一个测试还剩 90%,而另一个只剩 60%。说到底,我不明白为什么我的长测试还剩 10%。

另一件奇怪的事情是,Raid-1 没有检测到任何类型的问题(或者,至少,这就是我理解的“[2/2][UU]”的意思。虽然 sdb 上有三个分区,但只有一个分区不是小得可怜...在另外两个中,一个是启动分区(在两个驱动器之间复制以用于灾难恢复),另一个是交换分区。

$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[0]
      967843840 blocks [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: <none>

几个问题...

  • 我认为这是 sdb 出现故障的有力证据,对吗?这可能是软件问题而不是硬件问题吗?
  • 我能否获得所有被检测为有故障的块的列表 - 并确定它们位于哪些分区?
  • 在获得替换驱动器之前,我可以(是否需要)映射出这些坏扇区吗?
  • 很多人在使用 1TB Seagate Barracuda 硬盘时遇到过此类问题吗?
  • 是否有人知道上述 smartmontools 的输出是否足以证明存在故障以确保在保修范围内进行更换?

任何建议/评论都非常感谢...:)

根据要求...smartctl --all /dev/sdb

smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.0.0-14-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Seagate Barracuda 7200.12
Device Model:     ST31000528AS
Serial Number:    9VP5LFZA
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0200362a0
Firmware Version: CC38
User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   8
ATA Standard is:  ATA-8-ACS revision 4
Local Time is:    Thu Jan 19 18:54:01 2012 GMT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82)     Offline data collection activity
                                    was completed without error.
                                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      ( 113)     The previous self-test completed having
                                    the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:            (  609) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                        (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                    command.
                                    Offline surface scan supported.
                                    Self-test supported.
                                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)     Saves SMART data before entering
                                    power-saving mode.
                                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01)     Error logging supported.
                                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    ( 178) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x103f) SCT Status supported.
                                    SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   118   099   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       198953639
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   095   095   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       32
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   036    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   076   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       45828174
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   086   086   000    Old_age   Always       -       12498
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       16
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   064   056   045    Old_age   Always       -       36 (Min/Max 25/44)
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   036   044   000    Old_age   Always       -       36 (0 20 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x001a   025   011   000    Old_age   Always       -       198953639
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       2
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       2
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       253776732631285
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       2894995523
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       2366564210

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       10%     12451         1953523918
# 2  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     12445         1953523918
# 3  Short offline       Completed: read failure       60%     12445         1953523918
# 4  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      5532         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

答案1

  1. 是的,这看起来确实是硬件故障。
  2. 我已让多个 Barracuda ES / ES.2 驱动器出现故障,包括两台服务器中的 16 个驱动器中的 12 个。
  3. 我认为 smartmontools 不足以进行保修更换。请访问 Seagate 网站并下载其 SeaTools 可启动 CD。当/如果它确定驱动器有故障,它会为您提供保修代码。

在我看来,您的驱动器似乎快要坏了,其扇区无法重新映射。丢弃该驱动器,换一个新的,重建 RAID 阵列。这些驱动器太便宜了,真的不值得考虑。特别是如果您对这些数据有任何依赖的话。

编辑:此外,SeaTools 还会为您提供它发现的坏扇区的列表。此外,smartctl -a /dev/sdb 的输出也会有所帮助。

编辑2:从查看您的 smartctl -a 输出......

您有 2 个“离线不可恢复扇区”——但这意味着什么?

An offline uncorrectable sector is a disk sector which was not readable during
an off-line scan or a self-test. This is important to know, because if you have
data stored in this disk sector, and you need to read it, the read will fail.
Please see the previous '-C' option for more details.

引用: http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/man/smartd.8.html

还有 2 个“当前待处理部门”——它们是什么?

A pending sector is a disk sector (containing 512 bytes of your data) which the
device would like to mark as ``bad" and reallocate. Typically this is because
your computer tried to read that sector, and the read failed because the data on
it has been corrupted and has inconsistent Error Checking and Correction (ECC)
codes. This is important to know, because it means that there is some unreadable
data on the disk. The problem of figuring out what file this data belongs to is
operating system and file system specific. You can typically force the sector to
reallocate by writing to it (translation: make the device substitute a spare
good sector for the bad one) but at the price of losing the 512 bytes of data
stored there.

因此,您的磁盘无法从两个扇区读取,现在想要将它们标记为有故障,以便可以重新分配。

就我个人而言,一旦驱动器开始出现坏扇区,我倾向于将其丢弃(尤其是 RAID 阵列中的驱动器)。但我也不会为它们花钱……

或者,也许您可​​以破坏镜像,移除该驱动器,然后使用 SeaTools 对其进行扫描?如果它能够重新映射扇区,它就会这样做。它是否破坏/何时破坏应该无关紧要,因为当您重新插入磁盘并重建阵列时,镜像将被重建。但是,我还没有这样做,我会等待有人加入进来。

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