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删除 Debian 软件包是否会删除数据？

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删除 Debian 软件包是否会删除数据？

我找不到关于 Debian 软件包在被删除时应该如何表现的确切信息。它应该删除数据吗？例如对于 mysql，我读到数据保留这对我来说听起来很合逻辑（使用清除将删除所有内容）。

但这里我找到了以下文字：

remove 和 purge 之间的区别在于，remove 只会删除数据和可执行文件，而 purge 还会删除所有配置文件。

那么，事实到底是什么呢？

更新 如我所愿为 ElasticSearch 打包一个我需要知道期望是什么。

答案1

清除或删除都不会删除 mysql 数据目录。参见示例

root@mail:~# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 34
Server version: 5.1.41-3ubuntu12.10 (Ubuntu)

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database so;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use so;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE example_autoincrement (
    ->          id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    ->          data VARCHAR(100)
    ->        );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO example_autoincrement (data) VALUES ('Hello world');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> Bye
root@mail:~# apt-get remove mysql-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libnet-daemon-perl libdbi-perl libhtml-template-perl mysql-server-core-5.1 mysql-client-core-5.1 libdbd-mysql-perl libplrpc-perl mysql-server-5.1 mysql-client-5.1
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  mysql-server
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 49 not upgraded.
After this operation, 131kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
(Reading database ... 52161 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing mysql-server ...
root@mail:~# ls /var/lib/mysql/
debian-5.1.flag  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mail.pid  mysql  mysql_upgrade_info  so
root@mail:~# apt-get install mysql-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  mysql-server
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 49 not upgraded.
Need to get 94.8kB of archives.
After this operation, 131kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates/main mysql-server 5.1.41-3ubuntu12.10 [94.8kB]
Fetched 94.8kB in 0s (98.4kB/s)       
Selecting previously deselected package mysql-server.
(Reading database ... 52158 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking mysql-server (from .../mysql-server_5.1.41-3ubuntu12.10_all.deb) ...
Setting up mysql-server (5.1.41-3ubuntu12.10) ...
root@mail:~# /etc/init.d^C
root@mail:~# service mysql start
start: Job is already running: mysql
root@mail:~# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 35
Server version: 5.1.41-3ubuntu12.10 (Ubuntu)

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| so                 |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> Bye
root@mail:~# apt-get purge mysql-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libnet-daemon-perl libdbi-perl libhtml-template-perl mysql-server-core-5.1 mysql-client-core-5.1 libdbd-mysql-perl libplrpc-perl mysql-server-5.1 mysql-client-5.1
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  mysql-server*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 49 not upgraded.
After this operation, 131kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
(Reading database ... 52161 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing mysql-server ...
root@mail:~# 
root@mail:~# 
root@mail:~# ls /var/lib/mysql/
debian-5.1.flag  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mail.pid  mysql  mysql_upgrade_info  so
root@mail:~#

答案2

我认为它所指的“数据”是软件包中附带的任何不可执行资源，例如 /usr/share 中找到的内容。您是否特别关注 mysql 或其他软件包？

如果数据对您来说很重要，那么您无论如何都应该备份它。

答案3

因为我想为 ElasticSearch 打包一个，所以我需要知道预期是什么。

如果我理解正确的话，您正在将 ElasticSearch 打包为 .deb 以供分发。

如果是这种情况，并且你正在构建一个用于公开分发的 .deb 包，我建议你 1) 完整阅读关于打包的相关章节Debian 开发者参考并在适当的 Debian 邮件列表（可能是 Debian-Developer）上询问。

一般来说，remove只会删除与软件包相关的二进制文件和库，而purge将删除二进制文件、库、文档和配置文件。如果软件包在至少事先不通知用户的情况下销毁用户数据，则被认为是不礼貌的行为。

我真的建议您在决定如何继续之前先咨询一位经验丰富的 Debian 维护者 - 特别是如果您想将此包提交到 Debian 存储库。

另一个说法：作为一名长期的 Debian 用户，几乎没有什么比第三方以 .deb 形式分发其软件更让我恼火的了，而这不符合标准的 Debian 惯例。如果您想留住用户，请确保您的软件包得到良好维护并符合 Debian 团队制定的准则。

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