我的 vServer 比较旧（Plesk 8.6、openSUSE 10.3、Qmail）。几个月后就会被替换，但在此之前我需要一个解决方案。
大约两个月后，发送电子邮件的速度会变慢。如果您想使用电子邮件客户端发送电子邮件，有时必须等待一分钟或更长时间。同一台服务器上有一个 Web 应用程序，它每天通过 PHP 函数 mail() 发送约 1000 封（处理）电子邮件。
Plesk 经常显示 smtp 服务未运行。但 qmail-send 进程正在运行，并且邮件队列中的邮件已发送（缓慢）。qmail-send 进程占用的资源不多，top 显示负载在 0.4 到 2 之间。
但是发送的其他邮件之间存在相关性。如果 qmail 在邮件队列（本地或远程）中有其他邮件，速度就会下降。如果邮件队列为空，PHP mail() 大约需要一秒钟，当邮件队列中有更多邮件时，邮件需要 10-60 秒。如果我调用 php 脚本两次，第一封邮件将发送得很快，第二封邮件将发送得慢得多。
在邮件流量大的时候，延迟会增加。邮件是从 webapp 还是从外部邮件客户端创建的并不重要。
我检查了名称服务器、反向 DNS 以及 qmail 是否会使用 -Rt0 参数启动。不涉及证书。一些邮箱有 6 GB 大。
我没有更改 qmail 的并发设置，因为即使邮件队列中只有一封邮件也会出现问题。而且第一封邮件也很慢，需要一秒钟。
/var/qmail/handlers/spool 中有大约 200 封旧邮件。
有人知道出了什么问题吗？
使用 PHP 测试：
$ php mail.php
Sending mail()
0.63656902313232 seconds
$ php mail.php
Sending mail()
4.7495679855347 seconds
使用 qmail-inject 构建/测试：
h14xxxxx:~ # date; echo to: [email protected] | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject; date
Do 16. Feb 13:24:24 CET 2012
Do 16. Feb 13:24:25 CET 2012
h14xxxxx:~ # date; echo to: [email protected] | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject; date
Do 16. Feb 13:24:26 CET 2012
Do 16. Feb 13:24:28 CET 2012
h14xxxxx:~ # date; echo to: [email protected] | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject; date
Do 16. Feb 13:24:29 CET 2012
Do 16. Feb 13:24:34 CET 2012
h14xxxxx:~ # date; echo to: [email protected] | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject; date
Do 16. Feb 13:24:35 CET 2012
Do 16. Feb 13:24:39 CET 2012
h14xxxxx:~ #
通过 /usr/local/psa/var/log/maillog 访问
Feb 16 13:24:24 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19931]: Handlers Filter before-queue for qmail started ...
Feb 16 13:24:24 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19931]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:24 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19931]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:24 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19931]: hook_dir = '/var/qmail//handlers/before-queue'
Feb 16 13:24:24 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19931]: recipient[3] = '[email protected]'
Feb 16 13:24:24 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19931]: handlers dir = '/var/qmail//handlers/before-queue/recipient/[email protected]'
Feb 16 13:24:25 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19931]: starter: submitter[19932] exited normally
Feb 16 13:24:25 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395065.157427 new msg 9850236
Feb 16 13:24:25 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395065.157626 info msg 9850236: bytes 230 from <[email protected]> qp 19932 uid 0
Feb 16 13:24:25 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395065.856861 starting delivery 46: msg 9850236 to local [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:25 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395065.857024 status: local 1/10 remote 0/20
Feb 16 13:24:25 h14xxxxx qmail-local-handlers[19934]: Handlers Filter before-local for qmail started ...
Feb 16 13:24:26 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19938]: Handlers Filter before-queue for qmail started ...
Feb 16 13:24:26 h14xxxxx qmail-local-handlers[19934]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:26 h14xxxxx qmail-local-handlers[19934]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:26 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19938]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:26 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395066.298940 delivery 46: success: did_0+0+2/
Feb 16 13:24:26 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19938]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:27 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19938]: hook_dir = '/var/qmail//handlers/before-queue'
Feb 16 13:24:27 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395067.091093 status: local 0/10 remote 0/20
Feb 16 13:24:28 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19938]: recipient[3] = '[email protected]'
Feb 16 13:24:28 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395068.363638 end msg 9850236
Feb 16 13:24:28 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19938]: handlers dir = '/var/qmail//handlers/before-queue/recipient/[email protected]'
Feb 16 13:24:28 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19938]: starter: submitter[19942] exited normally
Feb 16 13:24:28 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395068.665296 new msg 9850184
Feb 16 13:24:28 h14xxxxx qmail-local-handlers[19944]: Handlers Filter before-local for qmail started ...
Feb 16 13:24:29 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395069.473648 info msg 9850184: bytes 230 from <[email protected]> qp 19942 uid 0
Feb 16 13:24:29 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19948]: Handlers Filter before-queue for qmail started ...
Feb 16 13:24:29 h14xxxxx qmail-local-handlers[19944]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:30 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395070.264613 starting delivery 47: msg 9850184 to local [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:30 h14xxxxx qmail-local-handlers[19944]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:30 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19948]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:31 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395071.364589 status: local 1/10 remote 0/20
Feb 16 13:24:32 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19948]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:32 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395072.423865 delivery 47: success: did_0+0+2/
Feb 16 13:24:32 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19948]: hook_dir = '/var/qmail//handlers/before-queue'
Feb 16 13:24:33 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395073.026831 status: local 0/10 remote 0/20
Feb 16 13:24:33 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19948]: recipient[3] = '[email protected]'
Feb 16 13:24:33 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395073.401616 end msg 9850184
Feb 16 13:24:33 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19948]: handlers dir = '/var/qmail//handlers/before-queue/recipient/[email protected]'
Feb 16 13:24:34 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19948]: starter: submitter[19952] exited normally
Feb 16 13:24:34 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395074.558677 new msg 9850184
Feb 16 13:24:34 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395074.773783 info msg 9850184: bytes 230 from <[email protected]> qp 19952 uid 0
Feb 16 13:24:34 h14xxxxx qmail-local-handlers[19954]: Handlers Filter before-local for qmail started ...
Feb 16 13:24:35 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395075.309948 starting delivery 48: msg 9850184 to local [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:35 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19958]: Handlers Filter before-queue for qmail started ...
Feb 16 13:24:36 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395076.330075 status: local 1/10 remote 0/20
Feb 16 13:24:36 h14xxxxx qmail-local-handlers[19954]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:37 h14xxxxx qmail-local-handlers[19954]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:37 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19958]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:37 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395077.678698 delivery 48: success: did_0+0+2/
Feb 16 13:24:38 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19958]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:38 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395078.009558 status: local 0/10 remote 0/20
Feb 16 13:24:38 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395078.871718 end msg 9850184
Feb 16 13:24:38 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19958]: hook_dir = '/var/qmail//handlers/before-queue'
Feb 16 13:24:38 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19958]: recipient[3] = '[email protected]'
Feb 16 13:24:39 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19958]: handlers dir = '/var/qmail//handlers/before-queue/recipient/[email protected]'
Feb 16 13:24:39 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395079.587290 new msg 9850184
Feb 16 13:24:39 h14xxxxx qmail-queue-handlers[19958]: starter: submitter[19962] exited normally
Feb 16 13:24:39 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395079.697880 info msg 9850184: bytes 230 from <[email protected]> qp 19962 uid 0
Feb 16 13:24:40 h14xxxxx qmail-local-handlers[19964]: Handlers Filter before-local for qmail started ...
Feb 16 13:24:40 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395080.167264 starting delivery 49: msg 9850184 to local [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:41 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395081.380693 status: local 1/10 remote 0/20
Feb 16 13:24:40 h14xxxxx qmail-local-handlers[19964]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:41 h14xxxxx qmail-local-handlers[19964]: [email protected]
Feb 16 13:24:41 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395081.775765 delivery 49: success: did_0+0+2/
Feb 16 13:24:41 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395081.775847 status: local 0/10 remote 0/20
Feb 16 13:24:41 h14xxxxx qmail: 1329395081.904212
/etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 85.214.7.22
nameserver 81.169.163.106
/etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
# special IPv6 addresses
::1 localhost ipv6-localhost ipv6-loopback
fe00::0 ipv6-localnet
ff00::0 ipv6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ipv6-allnodes
ff02::2 ipv6-allrouters
ff02::3 ipv6-allhosts
# Auto-generated hostname. Please do not remove this comment.
85.214.xx.xxx h14xxxxx.stratoserver.net h14xxxxx
$nslookup 127.0.0.1
Server: 85.214.7.22
Address: 85.214.7.22#53
Non-authoritative answer:
1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa name = localhost.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
$nslookup 85.214.xx.xxx
Server: 85.214.7.22
Address: 85.214.7.22#53
Non-authoritative answer:
163.96.214.85.in-addr.arpa name = h14xxxxx.stratoserver.net.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
/var/qmail/control/我
h14xxxxx.stratoserver.net
/var/qmail/control/本地
localhost
/etc/xinet.d/smtp_psa
service smtp
{
socket_type = stream
protocol = tcp
wait = no
disable = no
user = root
instances = UNLIMITED
env = SMTPAUTH=1
server = /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env
server_args = -Rt0 /var/qmail/bin/relaylock /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd /var/qmail/bin/smtp_auth /var/qmail/bin/true /var/qmail/bin/cmd5checkpw /var/qmail/bin/true
}
/etc/xinet.d/smtps_psa
service smtps
{
socket_type = stream
protocol = tcp
wait = no
disable = no
user = root
instances = UNLIMITED
env = SMTPAUTH=1
server = /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env
server_args = -Rt0 /var/qmail/bin/relaylock /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd /var/qmail/bin/smtp_auth /var/qmail/bin/true /var/qmail/bin/cmd5checkpw /var/qmail/bin/true
}
顶部
top - 13:53:29 up 21:53, 2 users, load average: 0.78, 0.58, 0.42
Tasks: 83 total, 3 running, 80 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 5.4%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 86.7%id, 6.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 6291456k total, 473208k used, 5818248k free, 0k buffers
Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached