Bacula 和多磁带设备等等

Question

Bacula 不会同时使用 2 个磁带设备。（搜索#-#-#（TL;DR）

也许，需要一点背景知识。

在尝试获取一个可行的备份解决方案（备份 >20TB 并不便宜，也不容易）的过程中$dayjob，我们购买了一堆东西来使其发挥作用。

首先，有一个 Spectra Logic T50e 自动转换器、40 个 LTO5 插槽，并且该机器人有一对 IBM HH5 Ultrium LTO5 驱动器，通过光纤通道仲裁环路连接到我们的备份服务器。

这是备份服务器。一台戴尔 R715，配备 2 个 16 核 AMD 62xx CPU 和 32GB RAM。太棒了。该服务器有 2 个 Emulex FCe-12000E 卡和一个 Intel X520-SR 双端口 10GE NIC。

我们还销售了 Commvault Backup（非 NDMP）。

这就是事情变得真正复杂的地方。

Spectra Logic 和 Commvault 都派出了各自的工程师，他们设置了库和软件。只要控制器工作正常，Commvault 就运行良好。戴尔服务器有 Ubuntu 12.04 服务器，运行 CommVault 的 MediaAgent，并将我们的 BlueArc NAS 作为 NFS 安装到几个安装点，例如/home，以及中的一些东西/mnt。

从 NFS 挂载点备份时，我们看到290GB/hr吞吐量 ~=。考虑到我们要在不到 48 小时的备份时间内处理 20 多 TB 的数据，这简直是垃圾。BlueArc 的额定最大值是700MB/s( 2460GB/hr)，磁带设备的额定最大写入速度是每驱动器 140MB/s，所以这就是492GB/hr（或两倍，总吞吐量）。

因此，下一步是使用 IOzone 对 NFS 性能进行基准测试，结果发现我们获得了史诗般的写入性能（跨 20 多个线程），写入速度约为 1.5-2.5 TB/小时，但读取性能却令人绝望。我永远无法获得高于 343GB/小时的最高速度。因此，让我们假设这343GB/hr是 NAS 读取性能的理论最大值，那么理论上我们应该能够从中获得该性能A）CommVault 和b)任何其他备份代理。

事实并非如此。Commvault 似乎只为我提供200-250GB/hr吞吐量，出于实验，我安装了 Bacula 来查看其状态。例如，如果 Bacula 的性能和速度始终优于 Commvault，那么我们可以说"**$.$ Refunds Plz $.$**"

#-#-#

唉，我发现 Bacula 存在另一个问题。Commvault 似乎很乐意用一个线程从挂载点的一部分读取数据，并将其传输到磁带设备，同时用另一个线程从其他目录读取数据，并写入自动转换器中的第二个驱动器。

我无论如何都无法让 Bacula 安装并写入两个磁带驱动器同时地。

我尝试过的事情：

• Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20Director、文件和存储守护进程中的设置
• Prefer Mounted Volumes = no作业定义中的设置
• 在自动转换器资源中设置多个设备。

文档似乎非常以单驱动器为中心，我们觉得这有点像把火箭绑在仓鼠身上。大多数示例 Bacula 配置适用于 DDS4 驱动器、手动磁带交换和 FreeBSD 或 IRIX 系统。

我可能应该补充一点，我不太在意这个不是有可能，但我会感到惊讶。我基本上想用 Bacula 作为证据，让软件供应商知道他们的价格过高 ;)

我从某处读到@KyleBrandt 使用现代磁带解决方案做了类似的事情。

配置文件： bacula-dir.conf

#
# Default Bacula Director Configuration file

Director {                            # define myself
  Name = backuphost-1-dir
  DIRport = 9101                # where we listen for UA connections
  QueryFile = "/etc/bacula/scripts/query.sql"
  WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/bacula"
  PidDirectory = "/var/run/bacula"
  Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20
  Password = "yourekiddingright"         # Console password
  Messages = Daemon
  DirAddress = 0.0.0.0
  #DirAddress = 127.0.0.1
}

JobDefs {
  Name = "DefaultFileJob"
  Type = Backup
  Level = Incremental
  Client = backuphost-1-fd 
  FileSet = "Full Set"
  Schedule = "WeeklyCycle"
  Storage = File
  Messages = Standard
  Pool = File
  Priority = 10
  Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bacula/%c.bsr"
}

JobDefs {
  Name = "DefaultTapeJob"
  Type = Backup
  Level = Incremental
  Client = backuphost-1-fd
  FileSet = "Full Set"
  Schedule = "WeeklyCycle"
  Storage = "SpectraLogic"
  Messages = Standard
  Pool = AllTapes
  Priority = 10
  Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bacula/%c.bsr"
  Prefer Mounted Volumes = no

}

#
# Define the main nightly save backup job
#   By default, this job will back up to disk in /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir
Job {
  Name = "BackupClient1"
  JobDefs = "DefaultFileJob"
}

Job {
  Name = "BackupThisVolume"
  JobDefs = "DefaultTapeJob"
  FileSet = "SpecialVolume"
}
#Job {
#  Name = "BackupClient2"
#  Client = backuphost-12-fd
#  JobDefs = "DefaultJob"
#}

# Backup the catalog database (after the nightly save)
Job {
  Name = "BackupCatalog"
  JobDefs = "DefaultFileJob"
  Level = Full
  FileSet="Catalog"
  Schedule = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup"
  # This creates an ASCII copy of the catalog
  # Arguments to make_catalog_backup.pl are:
  #  make_catalog_backup.pl <catalog-name>
  RunBeforeJob = "/etc/bacula/scripts/make_catalog_backup.pl MyCatalog"
  # This deletes the copy of the catalog
  RunAfterJob  = "/etc/bacula/scripts/delete_catalog_backup"
  Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bacula/%n.bsr"
  Priority = 11                   # run after main backup
}

#
# Standard Restore template, to be changed by Console program
#  Only one such job is needed for all Jobs/Clients/Storage ...
#
Job {
  Name = "RestoreFiles"
  Type = Restore
  Client=backuphost-1-fd                 
  FileSet="Full Set"                  
  Storage = File                      
  Pool = Default
  Messages = Standard
  Where = /srv/bacula/restore
}

FileSet {
  Name = "SpecialVolume"
  Include {
    Options {
      signature = MD5
    }
  File = /mnt/SpecialVolume
  }
  Exclude {
    File = /var/lib/bacula
    File = /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir
    File = /proc
    File = /tmp
    File = /.journal
    File = /.fsck
  }
}


# List of files to be backed up
FileSet {
  Name = "Full Set"
  Include {
    Options {
      signature = MD5
    }
    File = /usr/sbin
  }

  Exclude {
    File = /var/lib/bacula
    File = /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir
    File = /proc
    File = /tmp
    File = /.journal
    File = /.fsck
  }
}

Schedule {
  Name = "WeeklyCycle"
  Run = Full 1st sun at 23:05
  Run = Differential 2nd-5th sun at 23:05
  Run = Incremental mon-sat at 23:05
}

# This schedule does the catalog. It starts after the WeeklyCycle
Schedule {
  Name = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup"
  Run = Full sun-sat at 23:10
}

# This is the backup of the catalog
FileSet {
  Name = "Catalog"
  Include {
    Options {
      signature = MD5
    }
    File = "/var/lib/bacula/bacula.sql"
  }
}

# Client (File Services) to backup
Client {
  Name = backuphost-1-fd
  Address = localhost
  FDPort = 9102
  Catalog = MyCatalog
  Password = "surelyyourejoking"          # password for FileDaemon
  File Retention = 30 days            # 30 days
  Job Retention = 6 months            # six months
  AutoPrune = yes                     # Prune expired Jobs/Files
}

#
# Second Client (File Services) to backup
#  You should change Name, Address, and Password before using
#
#Client {
#  Name = backuphost-12-fd                
#  Address = localhost2
#  FDPort = 9102
#  Catalog = MyCatalog
#  Password = "i'mnotjokinganddontcallmeshirley"         # password for FileDaemon 2
#  File Retention = 30 days            # 30 days
#  Job Retention = 6 months            # six months
#  AutoPrune = yes                     # Prune expired Jobs/Files
#}


# Definition of file storage device
Storage {
  Name = File
# Do not use "localhost" here    
  Address = localhost                # N.B. Use a fully qualified name here
  SDPort = 9103
  Password = "lalalalala"
  Device = FileStorage
  Media Type = File
}

Storage {
  Name = "SpectraLogic"
  Address = localhost
  SDPort = 9103
  Password = "linkedinmakethebestpasswords"
  Device = Drive-1
  Device = Drive-2
  Media Type = LTO5
  Autochanger = yes
}



# Generic catalog service
Catalog {
  Name = MyCatalog
# Uncomment the following line if you want the dbi driver
# dbdriver = "dbi:sqlite3"; dbaddress = 127.0.0.1; dbport =  
  dbname = "bacula"; DB Address = ""; dbuser = "bacula"; dbpassword = ""
}

# Reasonable message delivery -- send most everything to email address
#  and to the console
Messages {
  Name = Standard

  mailcommand = "/usr/lib/bacula/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: %t %e of %c %l\" %r"
  operatorcommand = "/usr/lib/bacula/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: Intervention needed for %j\" %r"
  mail = root@localhost = all, !skipped            
  operator = root@localhost = mount
  console = all, !skipped, !saved
#
# WARNING! the following will create a file that you must cycle from
#          time to time as it will grow indefinitely. However, it will
#          also keep all your messages if they scroll off the console.
#
  append = "/var/lib/bacula/log" = all, !skipped
  catalog = all
}


#
# Message delivery for daemon messages (no job).
Messages {
  Name = Daemon
  mailcommand = "/usr/lib/bacula/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula daemon message\" %r"
  mail = root@localhost = all, !skipped            
  console = all, !skipped, !saved
  append = "/var/lib/bacula/log" = all, !skipped
}

# Default pool definition
Pool {
  Name = Default
  Pool Type = Backup
  Recycle = yes                       # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes
  AutoPrune = yes                     # Prune expired volumes
  Volume Retention = 365 days         # one year
}

# File Pool definition
Pool {
  Name = File
  Pool Type = Backup
  Recycle = yes                       # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes
  AutoPrune = yes                     # Prune expired volumes
  Volume Retention = 365 days         # one year
  Maximum Volume Bytes = 50G          # Limit Volume size to something reasonable
  Maximum Volumes = 100               # Limit number of Volumes in Pool
}

Pool {
  Name = AllTapes
  Pool Type = Backup
  Recycle = yes
  AutoPrune = yes                     # Prune expired volumes
  Volume Retention = 31 days         # one Moth
}

# Scratch pool definition
Pool {
  Name = Scratch
  Pool Type = Backup
}

#
# Restricted console used by tray-monitor to get the status of the director
#
Console {
  Name = backuphost-1-mon
  Password = "LastFMalsostorePasswordsLikeThis"
  CommandACL = status, .status
}

bacula-sd.conf

#
# Default Bacula Storage Daemon Configuration file
#

Storage {                             # definition of myself
  Name = backuphost-1-sd
  SDPort = 9103                  # Director's port      
  WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/bacula"
  Pid Directory = "/var/run/bacula"
  Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20
  SDAddress = 0.0.0.0
#  SDAddress = 127.0.0.1
}

#
# List Directors who are permitted to contact Storage daemon
#
Director {
  Name = backuphost-1-dir
  Password = "passwordslinplaintext"
}

#
# Restricted Director, used by tray-monitor to get the
#   status of the storage daemon
#
Director {
  Name = backuphost-1-mon
  Password = "totalinsecurityabound"
  Monitor = yes
}


Device {
  Name = FileStorage
  Media Type = File
  Archive Device = /srv/bacula/archive
  LabelMedia = yes;                   # lets Bacula label unlabeled media
  Random Access = Yes;
  AutomaticMount = yes;               # when device opened, read it
  RemovableMedia = no;
  AlwaysOpen = no;
}


Autochanger {
   Name = SpectraLogic
   Device = Drive-1
   Device = Drive-2
   Changer Command = "/etc/bacula/scripts/mtx-changer %c %o %S %a %d"
   Changer Device = /dev/sg4
}

Device {
   Name = Drive-1
   Drive Index = 0
   Archive Device = /dev/nst0
   Changer Device = /dev/sg4
   Media Type = LTO5
   AutoChanger = yes
   RemovableMedia = yes;
   AutomaticMount = yes;
   AlwaysOpen = yes;
   RandomAccess = no;
   LabelMedia = yes

}

Device {
   Name = Drive-2
   Drive Index = 1
   Archive Device = /dev/nst1
   Changer Device = /dev/sg4
   Media Type = LTO5
   AutoChanger = yes
   RemovableMedia = yes;
   AutomaticMount = yes;
   AlwaysOpen = yes;
   RandomAccess = no;
   LabelMedia = yes
}

# 
# Send all messages to the Director, 
# mount messages also are sent to the email address
#
Messages {
  Name = Standard
  director = backuphost-1-dir = all
}

bacula-fd.conf

#
# Default  Bacula File Daemon Configuration file
#

#
# List Directors who are permitted to contact this File daemon
#
Director {
  Name = backuphost-1-dir
  Password = "hahahahahaha"
}

#
# Restricted Director, used by tray-monitor to get the
#   status of the file daemon
#
Director {
  Name = backuphost-1-mon
  Password = "hohohohohho"
  Monitor = yes
}

#
# "Global" File daemon configuration specifications
#
FileDaemon {                          # this is me
  Name = backuphost-1-fd
  FDport = 9102                  # where we listen for the director
  WorkingDirectory = /var/lib/bacula
  Pid Directory = /var/run/bacula
  Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20
  #FDAddress = 127.0.0.1
  FDAddress = 0.0.0.0
}

# Send all messages except skipped files back to Director
Messages {
  Name = Standard
  director = backuphost-1-dir = all, !skipped, !restored
}

Answer 1

当你在 bacula 中设置文件集时，它将逐行读取路径规范并像这样备份。

它不会创建两个线程来读取代理中的不同文件路径。

正如@SpacemanSpiff 所说，如果您想这样做，那么前进的方向就是设置不同的作业，为每个您想要备份的文件规范设置一个作业。

Answer 2

我有三点建议给你：

• 使用多个存储守护进程。您可以在同一台机器的不同端口上运行多个存储守护进程。
• 使用基础作业进行重复数据删除。节省时间和空间。
• 使用压缩 - 如果您的磁带驱动器支持压缩，那当然好，但您可能需要权衡利弊，并尝试使用 bacula-fd 压缩。这发生在客户端，因此也节省了带宽，但只牺牲了一点 CPU 时间。