Nginx 和 Apache 无法让 try_files 与永久链接一起工作

Nginx 和 Apache 无法让 try_files 与永久链接一起工作

过去两周我一直在研究这个问题,但不知为何,我似乎无法让 nginx 的 try_files 与我的 wordpress 永久链接一起工作。我希望有人能告诉我哪里出错了,也希望告诉我我的配置是否出了什么重大错误(我是 nginx 新手……但正在学习 :))。

这是我的配置文件

nginx.conf

user www-data;
worker_processes 4;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections 768;
    # multi_accept on;
}

http {

    ##
    # Basic Settings
    ##

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    # server_tokens off;

    # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
    # server_name_in_redirect off;

    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    ##
    # Logging Settings
    ##

    # Defines the cache log format, cache log location
    # and the main access log location.
    log_format cache '***$time_local '
            '$upstream_cache_status '
            'Cache-Control: $upstream_http_cache_control '
            'Expires: $upstream_http_expires '
            '$host '
            '"$request" ($status) '
            '"$http_user_agent" '
            ;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
        error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;

}

我的域名.com.conf

server {
    listen 123.456.78.901:80; # IP goes here.
    server_name www.mydomain.com mydomain.com;
    #root /var/www/mydomain.com/prod;
    index   index.php;

## mydomain.com -> www.mydomain.com (301 - Permanent)
    if ($host !~* ^(www|dev))
    {
            rewrite ^/(.*)$ $scheme://www.$host/$1 permanent;
    }

# Add trailing slash to */wp-admin requests.
    rewrite /wp-admin$ $scheme://$host$uri/ permanent;

# All media (including uploaded) is under wp-content/ so
    # instead of caching the response from apache, we're just
    # going to use nginx to serve directly from there.
    location ~* ^/(wp-content|wp-includes)/(.*)\.(jpg|png|gif|jpeg|css|js|m$
            root    /var/www/mydomain.com/prod;
    }

# Don't cache these pages.
    location ~* ^/(wp-admin|wp-login.php)
            {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
    }

location / {
    if ($http_cookie ~* "wordpress_logged_in_[^=]*=([^%]+)%7C") {
            set $do_not_cache 1;
    }
    proxy_cache_key "$scheme://$host$request_uri $do_not_cache";
    proxy_cache main;
    proxy_pass http://backend;
    proxy_cache_valid 30m; # 200, 301 and 302 will be cached.
    # Fallback to stale cache on certain errors.
    # 503 is deliberately missing, if we're down for maintenance
    # we want the page to display.
    #try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri$args;
    #try_files $uri =404;
    proxy_cache_use_stale error
            timeout
            invalid_header
            http_500
            http_502
            http_504
            http_404;
    }

# Cache purge URL - works in tandem with WP plugin.
#        location ~ /purge(/.*) {
#           proxy_cache_purge main "$scheme://$host$1";
#        }

# No access to .htaccess files.
    location ~ /\.ht {
            deny  all;
    }

} # End server

gzip配置文件

    # Gzip Configuration.
    gzip on;
    gzip_disable msie6;
    gzip_static on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_types text/plain
           text/css
           application/x-javascript
           text/xml
           application/xml
           application/xml+rss
           text/javascript;

代理配置文件

# Set proxy headers for the passthrough
    proxy_redirect     off;

    proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
    proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;

    client_max_body_size       10m;
    client_body_buffer_size    128k;

    proxy_connect_timeout      90;
    proxy_send_timeout         90;
    proxy_read_timeout         90;

    proxy_buffer_size          4k;
    proxy_buffers              4 32k;
    proxy_busy_buffers_size    64k;
    proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
    add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;

后端配置文件

upstream backend {
        # Defines backends.
        # Extracting here makes it easier to load balance
        # in the future. Needs to be specific IP as Plesk
        # doesn't have Apache listening on localhost.
        ip_hash;
        server 127.0.0.1:8001; # IP goes here.
}

缓存配置文件

# Proxy cache and temp configuration.
proxy_cache_path /var/www/nginx_cache levels=1:2
                 keys_zone=main:10m
                 max_size=1g inactive=30m;
proxy_temp_path /var/www/nginx_temp;

    proxy_cache_key "$scheme://$host$request_uri";
proxy_redirect off;

    # Cache different return codes for different lengths of time
# We cached normal pages for 10 minutes
proxy_cache_valid 200 302  10m;
proxy_cache_valid 404      1m;

我尝试了 mydomain 配置文件中位置 \ 处的两个注释掉的 try_files。我在错误日志中发现的这个错误可以在下面找到。

 ...rewrite or internal redirection cycle while internally redirecting to "/index.php"

提前致谢

答案1

这看上去是一个非常复杂的设置。

我的第一个想法是建议您完全摆脱 Apache;nginx + php-fpm 完全能够为您的 WordPress 博客提供服务,并且您会发现大多数 WordPress nginx 规则都希望 nginx 用作原始服务器,而不是 Apache 的反向代理。

现在,继续表演……

您不能在向上游传递请求的try_files同一个location块中使用。它会被忽略,因为无论如何一切都会转到代理。如果您想让它工作,我建议使用命名位置。类似这样(我脑海中浮现的):

root /var/www/whatever;

location @apache {
    # proxy directives here
}

location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ @apache;
}

这里的想法是,你让 nginx 首先处理 nginx 可以处理的东西,然后将其他所有东西传递到上游。

当然,添加您需要的任何附加指令,但想法是从简单开始,确保基本内容可以正常工作,然后再添加内容来重写静态页面请求、cookie 等。

答案2

正如 Michael Hampton 所说,您的设置相当复杂,最好先保持简单并先让其正常工作。这是我为 nginx 进行的基本 WordPress 设置(适用于漂亮的永久链接):

root /var/www/mydomain.com/prod;
index index.php;

location / {
    # This is cool because no PHP is called for static content
    # The key thing here is passing the $args to index.php
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}

location ~ \.php$ {
    # Zero-day exploit defense
    # http://forum.nginx.org/read.php?2,88845,page=3
    # Won't work properly (404 error) if the file is not stored on this
    #server, which is entirely possible with php-fpm/php-fcgi.
    # Comment the 'try_files' line out if you set up php-fpm/php-fcgi on
    #another machine.  And then cross your fingers that you won't get hacked.
    try_files $uri =404;

    # For caching advice, see Mark Jaquith's superb post here:
    # http://markjaquith.wordpress.com/2012/05/15/how-i-built-have-baby-need-stuff/

    # To do some super-fancy rate limiting for the backend PHP requests, 
    # declare the following limit_req_zone in the http {} block of your nginx.conf e.g.
    # limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=appserver:1m rate=2r/s;
    # Then uncomment the below limit_req_zone line
    ## Set the request zone to limit backend DoSsing
    # limit_req zone=appserver burst=6;

    include /etc/nginx/proxy.conf;
    proxy_pass http://backend;
}

就是这样 — 简单又好用。您不再需要从旧配置中执行以下任何操作:(try_files 将使 nginx 尝试直接为其提供服务,然后尝试下一个参数选项,然后是下一个,等等。)

# # Add trailing slash to */wp-admin requests.
# rewrite /wp-admin$ $scheme://$host$uri/ permanent;

# # All media (including uploaded) is under wp-content/ so
# # instead of caching the response from apache, we're just
# # going to use nginx to serve directly from there.
# location ~* ^/(wp-content|wp-includes)/(.*)\.(jpg|png|gif|jpeg|css|js|m$
#         root    /var/www/mydomain.com/prod;
# }

# # Don't cache these pages.
# location ~* ^/(wp-admin|wp-login.php)
#         {
#     proxy_pass http://backend;
# }

为了便于测试,请打开终端,通过 SSH 进入您的服务器并运行tail -f /var/log/nginx/*.log(或存储日志的任何地方),然后观察错误。更改配置后,不要忘记重新启动或重新加载服务器!

此外,根据您所运行的 nginx 版本和操作系统(我从您的 /var/www/ 路径猜测是 Debian 或 Ubuntu),您可能能够运行该程序来/etc/init.d/nginx configtest测试您的配置文件并报告有关任何错误的有用错误消息 - 这将使生活变得轻松很多。

完成上述操作并测试后,这里有一些很酷的技巧,例如为上传的图像添加过期和缓存标头;IP 限制、速率限制以及管理员访问和登录尝试的额外日志记录;等等:

location ~ ^/wp-content/uploads/.+\.(jpe?g|gif|png|ico|bmp)$ {
    # set a expires to max as per http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html/#expires
    expires max;
    add_header Cache-Control public;
}

# Make sure you avoid the static cache when logging in or doing admin
location /wp-admin {    
    #  Restrict by IP for extra security (I'd also highly recommend the Login Lockdown plugin or the Duo Two-Factor Authentication plugin)
    #  allow 81.128.0.0/11; # BT Central Plus
    #  allow 86.128.0.0/10; # BT Central Plus
    #  deny all;
    access_log   /var/log/nginx/wp-admin.log;
    error_log   /var/log/nginx/wp-admin.error.log error;
    include /etc/nginx/proxy.conf;
    proxy_pass http://backend;
}

# Make sure you avoid the static cache when logging in or doing admin   
location = /wp-login.php { 
    #  Restrict by IP for extra security
    #  allow 81.128.0.0/11; # BT Central Plus
    #  allow 86.128.0.0/10; # BT Central Plus
    #  deny all; 
    # Declare the zone in the http {} block of your nginx.conf  e.g.
    #   limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=appserver:1m rate=2r/s;
    # Then uncomment the below line to limit hits to wp-login to 2 per second  (plus a burst of 2 using the leaky bucket model)
    # limit_req zone=appserver burst=2 nodelay;
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/login-attempts.log;
    include /etc/nginx/proxy.conf;
    proxy_pass http://backend;
}

答案3

我使用 Nginx 和 PHP-FPM 运行许多 WordPress 网站。对于我来说,此配置似乎适用于配置文件目录...(出于安全考虑删除了具体细节)。

server {
    listen       123.123.123.123:80;
    server_name  example.com;

    client_max_body_size 128m;

    root   /app/<user>/www;
    index  index.html index.htm index.php;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass   unix:/tmp/php-fpm.example.com.sock;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }
}

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