256GB RAM，64 核，AMD，运行 Ubuntu 12.04 和 Percona MySQL 5.5.28。
以下是断言失败。我们在运行大量插入时遇到了第二次断言失败（不同的“文件中”、位置等）。
第一次故障后，MySQL 仅在重新启动后才重新启动 - 在尝试恢复后不断循环出现相同的错误。
我决定使用 -o 进行 mysqlcheck 优化。由于这些都是 Innodb 表（非常大的表，60+GB），因此这将对所有表执行 alter table。
在这期间，下面的断言失败再次发生：
121115 22:30:31 InnoDB: Assertion failure in thread 140086589445888 in file btr0pcur.c line 452
InnoDB: Failing assertion: btr_page_get_prev(next_page, mtr) == buf_block_get_page_no(btr_pcur_get_block(cursor))
InnoDB: We intentionally generate a memory trap.
InnoDB: Submit a detailed bug report to http://bugs.mysql.com.
InnoDB: If you get repeated assertion failures or crashes, even
InnoDB: immediately after the mysqld startup, there may be
InnoDB: corruption in the InnoDB tablespace. Please refer to
InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html
InnoDB: about forcing recovery.
03:30:31 UTC - mysqld got signal 6 ;
This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that this binary
or one of the libraries it was linked against is corrupt, improperly built,
or misconfigured. This error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware.
We will try our best to scrape up some info that will hopefully help
diagnose the problem, but since we have already crashed,
something is definitely wrong and this may fail.
Please help us make Percona Server better by reporting any
bugs at http://bugs.percona.com/
key_buffer_size=536870912
read_buffer_size=131072
max_used_connections=404
max_threads=500
thread_count=90
connection_count=90
It is possible that mysqld could use up to
key_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size + sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 1618416 K bytes of memory
Hope that's ok; if not, decrease some variables in the equation.
Thread pointer: 0x14edeb710
Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out
where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went
terribly wrong...
stack_bottom = 7f687366ce80 thread_stack 0x30000
/usr/sbin/mysqld(my_print_stacktrace+0x2e)[0x7b52ee]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(handle_fatal_signal+0x484)[0x68f024]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0(+0xfcb0)[0x7f9cbb23fcb0]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x35)[0x7f9cbaea6425]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(abort+0x17b)[0x7f9cbaea9b8b]
/usr/sbin/mysqld[0x858463]
/usr/sbin/mysqld[0x804513]
/usr/sbin/mysqld[0x808432]
/usr/sbin/mysqld[0x7db8bf]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(_Z13rr_sequentialP11READ_RECORD+0x1d)[0x755aed]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(_Z17mysql_alter_tableP3THDPcS1_P24st_ha_create_informationP10TABLE_LISTP10Alter_infojP8st_orderb+0x216b)[0x60399b]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(_Z20mysql_recreate_tableP3THDP10TABLE_LIST+0x166)[0x604bd6]
/usr/sbin/mysqld[0x647da1]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(_ZN24Optimize_table_statement7executeEP3THD+0xde)[0x64891e]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(_Z21mysql_execute_commandP3THD+0x1168)[0x59b558]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(_Z11mysql_parseP3THDPcjP12Parser_state+0x30c)[0x5a132c]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(_Z16dispatch_command19enum_server_commandP3THDPcj+0x1620)[0x5a2a00]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(_Z24do_handle_one_connectionP3THD+0x14f)[0x63ce6f]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(handle_one_connection+0x51)[0x63cf31]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0(+0x7e9a)[0x7f9cbb237e9a]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(clone+0x6d)[0x7f9cbaf63cbd]
Trying to get some variables.
Some pointers may be invalid and cause the dump to abort.
Query (7f6300004b60): is an invalid pointer
Connection ID (thread ID): 876
Status: NOT_KILLED
You may download the Percona Server operations manual by visiting
http://www.percona.com/software/percona-server/. You may find information
in the manual which will help you identify the cause of the crash.
121115 22:31:07 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
121115 22:31:07 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
121115 22:31:07 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
..然后它恢复了，这次没有重新启动。从日志来看，这是什么原因造成的？
我目前正在运行转储以查看问题是否再次出现。- mysqldump 完成良好。我现在正尝试从转储中恢复整个数据库。
编辑：数据分区全部在/中，因为不幸的是这是一个托管的默认文件系统：
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda3 742G 445G 260G 64% /
udev 121G 4.0K 121G 1% /dev
tmpfs 49G 248K 49G 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 121G 0 121G 0% /run/shm
/dev/vda1 99M 54M 40M 58% /boot
我的.cnf：
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysqld_safe]
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice = 0
[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve
innodb_file_per_table
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
user = mysql
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port = 3306
basedir = /usr
datadir = /data/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
skip-external-locking
key_buffer = 512M
max_allowed_packet = 128M
thread_stack = 192K
thread_cache_size = 64
myisam-recover = BACKUP
max_connections = 500
table_cache = 812
table_definition_cache = 812
#query_cache_limit = 4M
#query_cache_size = 512M
join_buffer_size = 512K
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 196G
#innodb_file_io_threads = 4
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 12
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 1024M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
long_query_time = 5
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slowlog.log
[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 16M
编辑：mysqldump 顺利完成。为什么这些崩溃会发生在 alter table 上？
答案1
我在同一行代码中遇到了类似的崩溃，但没有什么原因。
使用 Percona 打开这个错误： https://bugs.launchpad.net/percona-server/+bug/1252792