当我输入时，sudo apt-get upgrade我收到以下消息：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading> state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
libavcodec54 libavdevice53 libavformat54
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
输出sudo apt-cache rdepends libavcodec54：
libavcodec54 Reverse Depends: libavcodec54:i386 libavcodec54:i386
libavcodec-extra-54:i386 libavcodec-extra-54:i386 |vlc-nox
|libopenscenegraph99 |libavformat54 |libavfilter3 |libavdevice53
libavcodec-extra-54 libavcodec-extra-54 |libavcodec-dev
|libavcodec-dev |libav-tools |libav-dbg |gstreamer1.0-libav
|ffmpegthumbs |audacity libavcodec54:i386 libavcodec54:i386
libavcodec-extra-54:i386 libavcodec-extra-54:i386 |xjadeo
|transcode |idjc |zoneminder |yorick-av |xpra
|xmms2-plugin-avcodec |xbmc-bin |vlc-nox |tupi |survex-aven
|squeezelite-pa |squeezelite |spek |silan |shotdetect |qutecom
|python-renpy |python-libavg |performous |paraview |mpv |mplayer2
|mplayer-gui |mplayer |mpd |motion |moc-ffmpeg-plugin |miro
|mencoder |lynkeos.app |lives |lightspark-common |libxine2-x
|libxine2-ffmpeg |libxine1-ffmpeg |libwxsvg0 |libvxl1.17 |libvtk6
|libvtk5.8 |libvisp2.8 |libquicktime2 |libqmmp-misc |libphash0
|libopenscenegraph99 |libopencv-highgui2.4 |libopal3.10.10
|libmrpt-hwdrivers1.0 |libmrpt-dbg |libmlt6 |libmediastreamer-base3
|libk3b6-extracodecs |libjitsi-jni |libgmerlin-avdec1 |libffms2-3
|libffmpegthumbnailer4 |libchromaprint0 |libchromaprint-tools
|libavifile-0.7c2 |libavformat54 |libavfilter3 |libavdevice53
libavcodec-extra-54 libavcodec-extra-54 |libavcodec-dev
|libavcodec-dev |libavbin0 |libav-tools |libav-dbg |libaubio4
|libasound2-plugins-extra |kino |kid3-core |jmdlx |hedgewars
|harvid |handbrake-cli |handbrake |guvcview |gstreamer1.0-libav
|gpac-modules-base |goldendict |gnash-common |fuse-emulator-utils
|forked-daapd |ffmpegthumbs |ffmpeg2theora |ffdiaporama |dvswitch
|dvdstyler |dvbcut |dff |cantata |bombono-dvd |blender |bino
|audacious-plugins |aubio-tools |amide |acoustid-fingerprinter
|ffmpegthumbs libavcodec-extra-54:i386 libavcodec-extra-54:i386
libavcodec54:i386 libavcodec54:i386 |libavfilter3
libavcodec-extra-54 libavcodec-extra-54 |libavformat54
|libavdevice53 |ffmpeg-dbg |libavcodec-dev |libavcodec-dev |ffmpeg
|simplescreenrecorder
$ sudo apt-cache rdepends libavdevice53
libavdevice53 Reverse Depends: libavdevice53:i386
libavdevice53:i386 libopenscenegraph99 libavdevice-extra-53
libavdevice-dev libav-tools libav-dbg libavdevice53:i386
libavdevice53:i386 libopenscenegraph99 libmlt6
libavdevice-extra-53 libavdevice-dev libav-tools libav-dbg
ffmpeg2theora blender bino libavdevice53:i386
libavdevice53:i386 libavdevice-extra-53 ffmpeg-dbg
libavdevice-dev ffmpeg
$ sudo apt-cache rdepends libavformat54
libavformat54 Reverse Depends: libavformat54:i386
libavformat54:i386 vlc-nox nepomuk-core-ffmpegextractor
libopenscenegraph99 libkfilemetadata4 libavformat-extra-54
libavformat-dev libavfilter3 libavdevice53 libav-tools
libav-dbg gstreamer1.0-libav ffmpegthumbs audacity
libavformat54:i386 libavformat54:i386 xjadeo transcode idjc
zoneminder yorick-av xbmc-bin vlc-nox tupi survex-aven
squeezelite-pa squeezelite spek silan shotdetect
python-renpy python-libavg performous paraview
nepomuk-core-ffmpegextractor mpv mplayer2 mplayer-gui mplayer
mpd motion moc-ffmpeg-plugin miro mencoder mediatomb-common
lynkeos.app lives lightspark-common libwxsvg0 libvxl1.17
libvtk6 libvtk5.8 libvisp2.8 libqmmp-misc libphash0
libopenscenegraph99 libopencv-highgui2.4 libmrpt-hwdrivers1.0
libmrpt-dbg libmlt6 libkfilemetadata4 libk3b6-extracodecs
libjitsi-jni libgmerlin-avdec1 libffms2-3 libffmpegthumbnailer4
libdlna0 libchromaprint-tools libavifile-0.7c2
libavformat-extra-54 libavformat-dev libavfilter3 libavdevice53
libavbin0 libav-tools libav-dbg libaubio4 kradio4 kino
kid3-core hedgewars harvid handbrake-cli handbrake
gstreamer1.0-libav gpac-modules-base goldendict gnash-common
gmerlin-encoders-ffmpeg fuse-emulator-utils forked-daapd
ffmpegthumbs ffmpeg2theora ffdiaporama dvdstyler dvbcut dff
cmus-plugin-ffmpeg cantata bombono-dvd blender bino
audacious-plugins aubio-tools acoustid-fingerprinter
libkfilemetadata4 ffmpegthumbs libavformat54:i386
libavformat54:i386 libavfilter3 libavformat-extra-54
libavdevice53 ffmpeg-dbg libavformat-dev ffmpeg
simplescreenrecorder
$ sudo apt-get install libavcodec54 libavdevice53 libavformat54
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading
state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This
may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are
using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not
yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following
information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies: libavdevice53 :
Depends: libavcodec54 (>= 7:1.2.5~) but 6:9.16-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 is to
be installed or
libavcodec-extra-54 (>= 7:1.2.5~) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libavfilter3 (>= 7:1.2.5~) but it is not going to be installed libavformat54 : Depends: libavcodec54 (>=
7:1.2.5~) but 6:9.16-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 is to be installed or
libavcodec-extra-54 (>= 7:1.2.5~) but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held
broken packages.
我正在使用 linux mint 17.1 cinnamon。
答案1
我们需要看看哪些包依赖于这些包。为此，请发出：
sudo apt-cache rdepends libavcodec54
sudo apt-cache rdepends libavdevice53
sudo apt-cache rdepends libavformat54
我的预感是vlc。如果是这种情况，请发出：
sudo apt-get purge vlc
然后尝试升级然后重新安装vlc