我在我的 Debian Wheezy 盒子上设置了 4-NIC 绑定。全新启动后，系统可以访问 LAN，但无法解析外部主机名或访问外部 IP。这似乎是因为 bond0 接口没有获取默认网关路由，而是从属接口之一（通常是 eth3）获取了它。
route -n启动后的结果：
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth3
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth3
192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 bond0
192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth3
我眼前的网络问题可以通过执行以下操作来缓解route add default gw 192.168.2.1 bond0：但当我可能没有物理访问权限时，我至少需要计算机在重新启动后获得外部网络访问权限。
所谓的从属接口每次都会获得自己的 IP 地址。我怀疑这可能是问题的根源。这里发生了什么？的结果ifconfig，注意eth3：
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr bc:5f:f4:be:4a:cc
inet addr:192.168.2.3 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::be5f:f4ff:febe:4acc/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:522992 errors:0 dropped:4871 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:885760 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:53459302 (50.9 MiB) TX bytes:736701670 (702.5 MiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr bc:5f:f4:be:4a:cc
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:85101 errors:0 dropped:5 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:412890 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:8568619 (8.1 MiB) TX bytes:37311255 (35.5 MiB)
Memory:f7400000-f7480000
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr bc:5f:f4:be:4a:cc
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1285 errors:0 dropped:12 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:75 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:185579 (181.2 KiB) TX bytes:16930 (16.5 KiB)
Memory:f7300000-f7380000
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr bc:5f:f4:be:4a:cc
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2039 errors:0 dropped:11 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:472583 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:326122 (318.4 KiB) TX bytes:699347095 (666.9 MiB)
Memory:f7200000-f7280000
eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr bc:5f:f4:be:4a:cc
inet addr:192.168.2.135 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:434565 errors:0 dropped:410 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:210 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:44378800 (42.3 MiB) TX bytes:26282 (25.6 KiB)
Memory:f7100000-f7180000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:9310 (9.0 KiB) TX bytes:9310 (9.0 KiB)
就像/etc/network/interfaces这样：
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
bond-master bond0
bond-mode 4
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet manual
bond-master bond0
bond-mode 4
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet manual
bond-master bond0
bond-mode 4
auto eth3
iface eth3 inet manual
bond-master bond0
bond-mode 4
auto bond0
iface bond0 inet static
address 192.168.2.3
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.2.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.2.1
slaves eth0 eth1 eth2 eth3
bond-slaves none
bond-mode 4
bond-miimon 100
bond-downdelay 200
bond-updelay 200
我在交换机上尝试了多种端口组合，每次都得到大致相同的结果（有时接口与 eth3 不同）。升级主板后确实出现了这个问题；在旧主板上，我有一个 2-NIC 绑定，效果很好。 （在现有的 Wheezy 安装上升级硬件是否存在任何可能的问题？）升级后，我删除了旧文件/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules，并让它重新生成，因此该文件现在包含：
# PCI device 0x8086:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.2/0000:07:00.0 (igb)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="bc:5f:f4:be:4a:cc", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
# PCI device 0x8086:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.4/0000:09:00.0 (igb)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="bc:5f:f4:be:4a:bd", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth2"
# PCI device 0x8086:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:08:00.0 (igb)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="bc:5f:f4:be:4a:ce", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"
# PCI device 0x8086:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.5/0000:0a:00.0 (igb)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="bc:5f:f4:be:4a:bf", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth3"
最后一件事，我确实尝试将以下内容添加到我的/etc/network/interfaces文件中，希望得到一种“解决方法”解决方案。
auto bond0
...
post-up route add default gw 192.168.2.1 bond0
pre-down route del default gw 192.168.2.1 bond0
这似乎没有什么区别，并且启动后，路由表中没有 bond0 的默认 GW 路由（与上面完全相同）。我很想知道我在那里做错了什么，并至少将其用作临时解决方案。
答案1
好吧，这让我得到了简单的答案：update-rc.d network-manager disable然后重新启动。我根本不知道 NetworkManager 还在运行，但它确实在运行，而且它正在分配 IP。
答案2
我发现刷新 eth* IP 地址有帮助，就像这篇文章中一样： https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2315062
IEsudo ip addr flush dev ethX
可能需要找到一个在系统重新启动后仍然存在的解决方案
答案3
输入以下命令：
route add default gw 192.168.2.1 bond0
进入/etc/rc.local