阅读了一些类似的问题/帖子并尝试了解决方案，但仍然卡住了。我的情况很简单，外部 ext4 驱动器在操作时关闭（通过 cat），并且无法在启动时安装。当我挖得更深时，它变得更暗：
lars@whorus:~$ sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sdc3 /media/lars/external
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc3,
lars@whorus:~$ sudo fsck -fr /dev/sdc3
fsck from util-linux 2.20.1
** /dev/sdc3
** Checking HFS Plus volume.
Invalid B-tree node size
(4, 0)
** Volume check failed.
lars@whorus:~$ sudo mke2fs -n /dev/sdc3
mke2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
122085376 inodes, 488337654 blocks
24416882 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
14903 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848
lars@whorus:~$ sudo e2fsck -b 32768 /dev/sdc3
e2fsck 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdc3
lars@whorus:~$ testdisk
Command line: TestDisk
TestDisk 6.14, Data Recovery Utility, July 2013
Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]>
http://www.cgsecurity.org
OS: Linux, kernel 3.13.0-33-generic (#58-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 29 16:45:05 UTC 2014) x86_64
Compiler: GCC 4.8
Compilation date: 2013-10-29T01:29:29
ext2fs lib: 1.42.9, ntfs lib: libntfs-3g, reiserfs lib: none, ewf lib: none
/dev/sda: LBA, HPA, LBA48, DCO support
/dev/sda: size 1953523055 sectors
/dev/sda: user_max 1953523055 sectors
/dev/sda: native_max 1953525168 sectors
/dev/sda: dco 1953525168 sectors
/dev/sdb: LBA, HPA, LBA48, DCO support
/dev/sdb: size 321670847 sectors
/dev/sdb: user_max 321670847 sectors
/dev/sdb: native_max 321672960 sectors
/dev/sdb: dco 321672960 sectors
Warning: can't get size for Disk /dev/mapper/control - 0 B - 1 sectors, sector size=512
Hard disk list
Disk /dev/sda - 1000 GB / 931 GiB - CHS 121601 255 63, sector size=512 - WDC WD10EZEX-00KUWA0, S/N:WD-WMC1S7063930, FW:15.01H15
Disk /dev/sdb - 164 GB / 153 GiB - CHS 20023 255 63, sector size=512 - HDT722516DLA380, S/N:VDB71BTCCZ4KEC, FW:V43OA80A
Disk /dev/sdc - 2000 GB / 1862 GiB - CHS 243197 255 63, sector size=512 - WD My Book 111D, FW:1049
Partition table type (auto): Mac
Disk /dev/sdc - 2000 GB / 1862 GiB - WD My Book 111D
Partition table type: Mac
Interface Advanced
HFS+ magic value at 16/82/3
1 P partition_map 1 63 63
2 P Free 64 262207 262144
3 P HFS 262208 3906963439 3906701232
HFS+ blocksize=4096, 2000 GB / 1862 GiB
4 P Free 3906963440 3906963455 16
HFS_HFSP_boot_sector
3 P HFS 262208 3906963439 3906701232
HFS+ blocksize=4096, 2000 GB / 1862 GiB
HFS+ magic value at 16/82/3
HFS+ magic value at 16/82/3
Volume header
HFS+ OK
Backup volume header
HFS+ OK
Sectors are identical.
Superblock Backup superblock
0000 482b0004 80000900 H+...... 482b0004 80000900 H+......
0008 6673636b 00003a38 fsck..:8 6673636b 00003a38 fsck..:8
0010 ca703bfa d0dcbf86 .p;..... ca703bfa d0dcbf86 .p;.....
0018 00000000 ca709e6a .....p.j 00000000 ca709e6a .....p.j
0020 00007269 00000a94 ..ri.... 00007269 00000a94 ..ri....
0028 00001000 1d1b70f6 ......p. 00001000 1d1b70f6 ......p.
0030 07a1ba60 125a6e5c ...`.Zn\ 07a1ba60 125a6e5c ...`.Zn\
0038 00010000 00010000 ........ 00010000 00010000 ........
0040 00026064 00000000 ..`d.... 00026064 00000000 ..`d....
0048 00000000 00000083 ........ 00000000 00000083 ........
0050 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0058 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0060 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0068 109ee824 e4771b69 ...$.w.i 109ee824 e4771b69 ...$.w.i
0070 00000000 03a37000 ......p. 00000000 03a37000 ......p.
0078 00000000 00003a37 ......:7 00000000 00003a37 ......:7
0080 00000001 00003a37 ......:7 00000001 00003a37 ......:7
0088 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0090 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0098 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
00A0 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
00A8 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
00B0 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
00B8 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
00C0 00000000 01c00000 ........ 00000000 01c00000 ........
00C8 00000000 00001c00 ........ 00000000 00001c00 ........
00D0 0000d239 00000e00 ...9.... 0000d239 00000e00 ...9....
00D8 08b60936 00000e00 ...6.... 08b60936 00000e00 ...6....
00E0 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
00E8 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
00F0 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
00F8 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0100 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0108 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0110 00000000 05000000 ........ 00000000 05000000 ........
0118 05000000 00005000 ......P. 05000000 00005000 ......P.
0120 125a6e5c 00005000 .Zn\..P. 125a6e5c 00005000 .Zn\..P.
0128 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0130 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0138 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0140 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0148 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0150 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0158 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
0160 00000000 05000000 ........ 00000000 05000000 ........
0168 00000000 00005000 ......P. 00000000 00005000 ......P.
0170 00080dd5 00000024 .......$ 00080dd5 00000024 .......$
0178 00d26916 000000dc ..i..... 00d26916 000000dc ..i.....
0180 00d271ba 00000066 ..q....f 00d271ba 00000066 ..q....f
0188 0146e7eb 0000004a .F.....J 0146e7eb 0000004a .F.....J
0190 0146dd38 00000034 .F.8...4 0146dd38 00000034 .F.8...4
0198 015f75aa 00004e1c ._u...N. 015f75aa 00004e1c ._u...N.
01A0 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
01A8 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
01B0 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
01B8 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
01C0 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
01C8 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
01D0 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
01D8 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
01E0 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
01E8 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
01F0 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
01F8 00000000 00000000 ........ 00000000 00000000 ........
HFS_HFSP_boot_sector
3 P HFS 262208 3906963439 3906701232
HFS+ blocksize=4096, 2000 GB / 1862 GiB
HFS+ magic value at 16/82/3
HFS+ magic value at 16/82/3
Volume header
HFS+ OK
Backup volume header
HFS+ OK
Sectors are identical.
HFS_HFSP_boot_sector
3 P HFS 262208 3906963439 3906701232
HFS+ blocksize=4096, 2000 GB / 1862 GiB
HFS+ magic value at 16/82/3
HFS+ magic value at 16/82/3
Volume header
HFS+ OK
Backup volume header
HFS+ OK
Sectors are identical.
New options :
Dump : No
Align partition: Yes
Expert mode : No
TestDisk exited normally.
我尝试将所有列出的备份块与 e2fsck 一起使用，但它们都返回为无效。尝试通过testdisk恢复备份，还是一样。希望在没有低级 dd= 类型解决方案的情况下恢复驱动器，因为我没有 2TB 的可用存储空间用于映像:( 从好的方面来说，这不是系统卷，因此很容易尝试挂载/卸载没有其他问题。
感谢所有帮助，我打开了大约 20 个论坛帖子选项卡，这些帖子往往以悲伤的故事结尾。
答案1
我建议您立即对损坏的驱动器制作镜像，以避免丢失更多信息。你的硬件很可能是坏的，除非你喜欢沮丧，否则我不会再搞乱它。
您可以尝试将映像恢复到新磁盘后恢复该映像。但我敢打赌，除非数据极其重要，否则这将是一项耗时且令人沮丧的工作。
不幸的是，我认为最好的方法是删除旧磁盘，安装新磁盘，然后从您应该保留的精细备份中进行恢复。