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bash 中的 smtp.gmail.com 显示“证书错误：无法识别同行的证书颁发者。”

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bash 中的 smtp.gmail.com 显示“证书错误：无法识别同行的证书颁发者。”

如果出现问题，我需要我的脚本向管理员发送电子邮件，而公司只使用 Gmail。按照几篇帖子的说明，我能够使用 .mailrc 文件设置 mailx。首先出现 nss-config-dir 错误，我通过从 Firefox 目录复制一些 .db 文件解决了该问题。到 ./certs 并在 mailrc 中指向它。已发送邮件。

但是，出现了上述错误。奇迹般地，.db 中有一个 Google 证书。它显示了以下命令：

~]$ certutil -L -d certs

Certificate Nickname                                         Trust Attributes
                                                             SSL,S/MIME,JAR/XPI

GeoTrust SSL CA                                              ,,
VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3                       ,,
Microsoft Internet Authority                                 ,,
VeriSign Class 3 Extended Validation SSL CA                  ,,
Akamai Subordinate CA 3                                      ,,
MSIT Machine Auth CA 2                                       ,,
Google Internet Authority                                    ,,

最有可能的是，它可以被忽略，因为邮件无论如何都能正常工作。最后，经过一番努力和谷歌搜索，我终于找到了摆脱这种烦恼的方法。

首先，将现有证书导出为 ASSCII 文件：

~]$ certutil -L -n 'Google Internet Authority'  -d certs -a > google.cert.asc

现在重新导入该文件，并将其标记为受信任的 SSL 证书，ala：

~]$ certutil -A -t "C,," -n 'Google Internet Authority'  -d certs -i google.cert.asc

此后，列表显示它值得信任：

~]$ certutil -L -d certs

Certificate Nickname                                         Trust Attributes
                                                             SSL,S/MIME,JAR/XPI
...
Google Internet Authority                                    C,,

并且 mailx 发送顺利。

~]$ /bin/mailx -A gmail -s "Whadda ya no" [email protected]
ho ho ho
EOT
~]$

我希望它能对那些想要解决错误的人有所帮助。

另外，我对一些事情很好奇。

如果碰巧 Mozilla 数据库中没有该证书，我该如何获取该证书？例如，有类似的东西吗？

    ~]$ certutil -A -t "C,," \
                 -n 'gmail.com'  \
                 -d certs \
                 -i 'http://google.com/cert/this...'

答案1

嗯，这不是我想要的一行代码，但这是如何从头开始获取和导入证书的：

# Create a certificate directory
~]$ mkdir certs

# Create a new database in the certs dir
~]$ certutil -N -d certs 

# Need now a chain certificate - May 18, 2015
~]$ wget https://www.geotrust.com/resources/root_certificates/certificates/GeoTrust_Global_CA.cer

# Need now a chain certificate part 2 - May 18, 2015
~]$ mv GeoTrust_Global_CA.cer certs/

# Fetch the certificate from Gmail, saving in the text file GMAILCERT
# Added the CA opion - May 18, 2015
~]$ echo -n | openssl s_client -connect smtp.gmail.com:465 -CAfile certs/GeoTrust_Global_CA.cer | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > GMAILCERT

# Import the new cert file into the new database in the new dir
~]$ certutil -A -n "Google Internet Authority" -t "C,," -d certs -i GMAILCERT 

# Double Check
~]$ certutil -L -d certs

Certificate Nickname                                         Trust Attributes
                                                             SSL,S/MIME,JAR/XPI

Google Internet Authority                                    C,,

耶！感谢这张票上的答案

答案2

这篇文章需要再次更新。我在 CentOS 7 机器上安装 mailx 时遇到了问题。邮件可以发送，但我仍然收到“认证错误：无法识别同行的证书颁发者。”错误。

我找到了解决方案这里，但必须翻译它。

这里有一个快的方法如下：

# Create a certificate directory
mkdir ~/.certs

# Create a new database in the certs dir (dont forget to enter your pass phrase!)
certutil -N -d ~/.certs 

# Create three files for the cert chain
touch ~/.certs/google ~/.certs/geotrust ~/.certs/equifax

# Copy the cert chain for smtp.google.com:465 over to my_certs file (don't forget the -showcerts option, CTRL + C to end this command)
openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.gmail.com:465 > ~/.certs/my_certs

现在复制每个证书，包括 --BEGIN CERTIFICATE-- 和 --END CERTIFICATE-- 并将它们粘贴到您之前创建的各自文件中（google、geotrust、equifax），然后保存这些文件。

# Open your my_certs file you made earlier and copy the google cert (usually the first one)
nano ~/.certs/my_certs

# Open your google file, paste the google cert that you just copied, and save and close
nano ~/.certs/google

# Open your my_certs file you made earlier and copy the geotrust cert (usually the second one)
nano ~/.certs/my_certs

# Open your geotrust file, paste the geotrust cert that you just copied, and save and close
nano ~/.certs/geotrust

# Open your my_certs file you made earlier and copy the equifax cert (usually the third one)
nano ~/.certs/my_certs

# Open your equifax file, paste the equifax cert that you just copied, and save and close
nano ~/.certs/equifax

现在我们必须将每个证书导入数据库。

# Import the google cert into the db
certutil -A -n "Google Internet Authority" -t "TC,," -d ~/.certs -i ~/.certs/google

# Import the geotrust cert into the db
certutil -A -n "GeoTrust Global CA" -t "TC,," -d ~/.certs -i ~/.certs/geotrust

# Import the equifax cert into the db
certutil -A -n "Equifax Secure Certificate Authority" -t "TCP,," -d ~/.certs -i ~/.certs/equifax

# Double check to make sure everything imported correctly into the db
certutil -L -d ~/.certs

示例输出：

Certificate Nickname                                         Trust Attributes
                                                             SSL,S/MIME,JAR/XPI

Google Internet Authority                                    CT,,
GeoTrust Global CA                                           CT,,
Equifax Secure Certificate Authority                         CT,,

清理时间（可选）

# Remove all unnecessary files since the db has the certs :)
rm -rf ~/.certs/google ~/.certs/geotrust ~/.certs/equifax ~/.certs/my_certs

# Now run a test to make sure mailx is sending correctly now (don't forget to change [email protected] to the email address you'd like to send to)
echo "Your message" | mail -s "Message Subject" [email protected]

就是这样了，您不应该再收到“认证错误：无法识别同行的证书颁发者。”的错误！

笔记：

您可能已经注意到，我将目录从 更改/certs为~/.certs。 mailx 以 root 身份运行，因此我只是以 root/ 进行了这些更改。 “~/” 表示 HOME 目录，将它们放在一起~/.certs意味着/root/.certs/。 我确信您知道这一点，但嘿，以防万一您不知道谁可能会读到这篇文章！

万一你需要这个，这里是我添加到底部的配置选项/etc/mail.rc

# /etc/mail.rc options added to the bottom
set smtp-use-starttls
set smtp-auth=login
set smtp=smtp://smtp.gmail.com:587
set from="[email protected](Web01 Server)"
set [email protected]
set smtp-auth-password=your.pass
set ssl-verify=ignore
set nss-config-dir=/root/.certs

确保将 your.from.user、your.smtp.user 和 your.pass 更改为其各自的变量。

答案3

@pyr0ball，刚刚更新了你的脚本中的一些小改动，感谢你分享的好方法:)

#!/bin/bash
certdirectory="/root/.certs"
fail() {
    ec=$?
    [ "${ec}" == "0" ] && ec=1
    echo -e "FAILED[code=$ec]: $@"
    exit $ec
}

cleanup() {
  rm /tmp/allgcert* || warn "Cleanup of files errored"
  rm /tmp/gcert* || warn "Cleanup of files errored"
}

failclean() {
  cleanup
  fail "$@"
}

numcerts=$(echo -n | openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.gmail.com:465 | grep -c "i:")
mkdir -p $certdirectory || fail "Unable to create certificates directory"
echo -n | openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.gmail.com:465 | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > /tmp/allgcert || failclean "Unable to pull certs from smtp.gmail.com"
awk '/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----/,/-----END CERTIFICATE-----/{if(/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----/){a++}; out="/tmp/gcert"a".crt"; print > out}' /tmp/allgcert
echo -n | openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.gmail.com:465 | grep i: | sed -e 's,.*=,,' > /tmp/allgcertnames || failclean "Unable to output parsed names for certificates"

for i in $(seq 1 $numcerts) ; do
  certutil -A -n "$(sed -n ${i}p /tmp/allgcertnames)" -t "TC,," -d $certdirectory -i /tmp/gcert${i}.crt || failclean "Unable to import certificates to database"
done

cleanup

答案4

根据此主题中的回复，我创建了一个小脚本，它将自动提取、解析和安装当前的 gmail smtp 证书。如果证书数量再次发生变化，它应该能够处理它。

这是一个带有语法高亮功能的 pastebin

#!/bin/bash

# This script pulls ssl certs for using gmail smtp. Adapted from the following config explaination:
# https://serverfault.com/questions/498588/smtp-gmail-com-from-bash-gives-error-in-certificate-peers-certificate-issuer

certdirectory="/home/user/.certs"

# Functions

fail() {
    ec=$?
    [ "${ec}" == "0" ] && ec=1
    echo -e "FAILED[code=$ec]: $@"
    exit $ec
}

warn(){
echo -e "WARNING $@"
}

cleanup() {
  rm allgcert* || warn "Cleanup of files errored"
  rm gcert* || warn "Cleanup of files errored"
}

failclean() {
  cleanup
  fail "$@"
}

# Count number of certs currently being used (can change from time to time)
numcerts=$(echo -n | openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.gmail.com:465 | grep -c "i:")

# Create the certs directory if it does not exist
mkdir -p $certdirectory || fail "Unable to create certificates directory"

# Pull certs to a local file for parsing
echo -n | openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.gmail.com:465 | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > allgcert || failclean "Unable to pull certs from smtp.gmail.com"

# Parses certs output based on the number of certs, and outputs to individual files
if (($numcerts > 1)) ; then
  # Pulls the first cert out as it needs one extra line
  sed '1,27!d' allgcert > gcert1
  # For subsequent certs, it multiplies the cert number by the number of lines in the file where it should exist
  for i in $(seq 2 $numcerts) ; do
    sed "$((2 + (((($i - 1)) * 26))))"','"$((1 + (($i * 26))))"'!d' allgcert > gcert${i}
  done
fi

# Parses out certificate issuer names for installation
echo -n | openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.gmail.com:465 | grep i: | sed -e 's,.*=,,' > allgcertnames || failclean "Unable to output parsed names for certificates"

for i in $(seq 1 $numcerts) ; do
  certutil -A -n "$(sed -n ${i}p allgcertnames)" -t "TC,," -d $certdirectory -i gcert${i} || failclean "Unable to import certificates to database"
done

cleanup

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