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Rsync 命令问题，所有者和组权限没有改变

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Rsync 命令问题，所有者和组权限没有改变

我正在尝试通过设置所有者和组rsync，但似乎不起作用。

这是命令：

sudo rsync -rlptDvz --owner=cmsseren --group=cmsseren /home/serena/public_html/ -e ssh root@ip:/home/cmsseren/public_html2/

文件同步正确但似乎没有改变所有者和组。

答案1

听起来它工作正常。使用--owner和--group来保存（未设置）所有者和组名...这意味着您不希望它们在转移后发生变化。

如果不使用这些选项，用户和组将更改为接收端的调用用户。如果您想指定其他用户，则需要chown在脚本中添加命令。

-o, --owner
    This option causes rsync to set the owner of the destination file to be 
    the same as  the source file, but only if the receiving rsync is being run 
    as the super-user (see also the --super and --fake-super options). Without 
    this option, the owner of new and/or transferred files are set to the invoking 
    user on the receiving side...

-g, --group
    This option causes rsync to set the group of the destination file to be the same as 
    the source file. If the receiving program is not running as the super-user (or if
    --no-super was specified), only groups that the invoking user on the receiving side
    is a member of will be preserved. Without this option, the group is set to the default
    group of the invoking user on the receiving side...

rsync 命令

答案2

版本 3.1.0rsync 的介绍--usermap和--groupmapThomas 提到的，也是方便的选项--chown，这很适合您的情况。

--chown=USER:GROUP
    This option forces all files to be owned by USER with group GROUP.
    This  is  a  simpler  interface  than  using  --usermap  and  --groupmap directly,
    but  it  is implemented using those options internally, so you cannot mix them.
    If either the USER or GROUP is empty, no mapping for the omitted user/group will
    occur.  If GROUP is empty, the trailing colon may be omitted, but if USER is
    empty, a leading colon must  be supplied.

    If you specify "--chown=foo:bar, this is exactly the same as specifying
    "--usermap=*:foo --groupmap=*:bar", only easier.

此外，-o和-g选项是必需的。排除它们将无法更新其各自的属性，但不会产生错误。

rsync -og --chown=cmsseren:cmsseren [src] [dest]

这在手册页，其中指出该--chown选项“是使用--usermap和--groupmap内部实现的”，并且：

要使该--usermap选项产生任何效果，必须使用（或暗示）-o选项--owner，并且接收器需要以超级用户身份运行（另请参阅选项--fake-super）。

为了使--groupmap选项产生任何效果，必须使用（或暗示） -g( --groups) 选项，并且接收者需要有设置该组的权限。

答案3

rsync 的最新版本（至少 3.1.1）允许您指定“远程所有权”：

--usermap=tom:www-data

将 tom 所有权更改为 www-data（又名 PHP/Nginx）。如果您使用 Mac 作为客户端，请使用 brew 升级到最新版本。然后在您的服务器上下载档案源，然后“制作”它！

答案4

问题。通过 SSH 从云 VPS 备份远程文件、目录rsync并未owner:group在本地主机上维护远程所有权。

解决方案。

  1. 在本地主机上为从远程主机 rsync 的文件（目录等）创建用户。
  2. 以/形式运行本地主机rsync命令。rootsudo
  3. 必须手动提供 root 密码和 SSH 密码。
# create local host system user(s) for those on remote host; see:
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Users_and_groups#Example_adding_a_system_user

sudo rsync -aqP  -e "ssh -p 4321  \                   ## SSH port
    -i /home/victoria/.ssh/my-vps/id_rsa"  \          ## SSH credentials
    [email protected]_isp.com:/etc/default/solr.in.sh   ## rsync SRC (remote host)
    /<my home path>/backups/solr.in.sh  \             ## rsync DEST (local host)

测试。

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# REMOTE HOST (cloud VPS):

[me@vps1234]$ ls -l /etc/default/

  ...
  -rw-r----- 1 root solr 15079 Aug 12 20:35 solr.in.sh    ## ownership: root:solr
  ...

[me@vps1234]$ 

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCAL HOST:

The basic command for testing (with variations, following) is:

```bash
rm -f solr.in.sh;  \
rsync -aqP  \
    --rsync-path="sudo /bin/rsync"  \
    -e "ssh -p 4321  \
    -i /home/victoria/.ssh/my-vps/id_rsa"  \
    [email protected]_isp.com:/etc/default/solr.in.sh
    /<my home path>/backups/solr.in.sh;  \
ls -l solr.in.sh

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# [TEST 1] rsync --rsync-path...

[victoria]$ rm -f solr.in.sh;  \
    rsync -aqP --rsync-path="sudo /bin/rsync"  \
      -e "ssh -p 4321 -i /home/victoria/.ssh/my-vps/id_rsa"  \
      [email protected]_isp.com:/etc/default/solr.in.sh  \
      /<my home path>/backups/solr.in.sh;  \
    ls -l solr.in.sh 

  -rw-r----- 1 victoria victoria 15079 Aug 12 20:35 solr.in.sh
            ## victoria victoria [incorrect]

[victoria]$

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# [TEST 2] sudo rsync --rsync-path ; user "solr" not on local host so remote files
# in group "solr" renamed "git" on local host; tried rsync -og options: no effect

[victoria]$ rm -f solr.in.sh;  \
    sudo rsync -aqP --rsync-path="/usr/bin/rsync"  \
      -e "ssh -p 4321 -i /home/victoria/.ssh/my-vps/id_rsa"  \
      [email protected]_isp.com:/etc/default/solr.in.sh  \
    /<my home path>/backups/solr.in.sh;  \
    ls -l solr.in.sh 

  [sudo] password for victoria: 
  Enter passphrase for key '/home/victoria/.ssh/my-vps/id_rsa': 

  -rw-r----- 1 root git 15079 Aug 12 20:35 solr.in.sh
            ## root:git [incorrect]

[victoria]$

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# [CONFIGURE USERS]
# local host:

[victoria]$ cat /etc/passwd | grep solr     ## no such user
[victoria]$

# Create local host system user, for user on remote host:

[victoria@victoria backups]$ sudo useradd -r -s /usr/bin/nologin solr
  [sudo] password for victoria: 

[victoria]$ cat /etc/passwd | grep solr

  solr:x:980:980::/home/solr:/usr/bin/nologin

[victoria]$ ls -l /home/     ## check: useradd did not create /home/solr/

  total 52
  drwx------   2 root     root     16384 Mar  6  2015 lost+found
  drwxrwxr-x 178 victoria victoria 36864 Aug 13 10:09 victoria

[victoria]$

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# [TEST 3: works] sudo --rsync-path...

[victoria]$ rm -f solr.in.sh;  \
    sudo rsync -aqP --rsync-path="/bin/rsync"  \
      -e "ssh -p 4321 -i /home/victoria/.ssh/my-vps/id_rsa"  \
      [email protected]_isp.com:/etc/default/solr.in.sh  \
      /<my home path>/backups/solr.in.sh;  \
    ls -l solr.in.sh 

  [sudo] password for victoria: 
  Enter passphrase for key '/home/victoria/.ssh/my-vps/id_rsa': 

  -rw-r----- 1 root solr 15079 Aug 12 20:35 solr.in.sh
            ## root:solr [correct]

[victoria]$

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# [TEST 4: works] No need for --rsync-path option:

[victoria@victoria backups]$ rm -f solr.in.sh;  \
    sudo rsync -aqP -e  \
      "ssh -p 4321 -i /home/victoria/.ssh/my-vps/id_rsa"  \
      [email protected]_isp.com:/etc/default/solr.in.sh  \
      /<my home path>/backups/solr.in.sh;  \
    ls -l solr.in.sh

  [sudo] password for victoria:
  Enter passphrase for key '/home/victoria/.ssh/my-vps/id_rsa':

  -rw-r----- 1 root solr 15079 Aug 12 20:35 solr.in.sh
            ## root:solr [correct]

[victoria@victoria backups]$

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

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