我在从 postfix 发送邮件时遇到问题。我认为我的配置非常标准，最后它是根据各种指南整理而成的。我尝试从远程客户端（iOS Mail、Mac OS X Mail.app、Linux 上的 Thunderbird）发送邮件。从 iOS Mail 发送邮件正常，但 Mail.app 和 Thunderbird 不正常。我使用 SASL 身份验证（dovecot）和 TLS，配置如下，并附带日志消息。
错误：
Jan 05 12:27:41 svali postfix/smtpd[26448]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from aaa.chello.sk[89.173.206.108]: 553 5.7.1 <xxx>: Sender address rejected: not owned by user xxx; from=<xxx> to=<yyy> proto=ESMTP helo=<[10.0.2.4]>
Jan 05 12:27:41 svali postfix/smtpd[26448]: disconnect from aaa.chello.sk[89.173.206.108]
Jan 05 12:31:01 svali postfix/anvil[26450]: statistics: max connection rate 2/60s for (submission:89.173.206.108) at Jan 5 12:24:33
何时有效（iOS 邮件应用程序）
Jan 05 12:45:23 svali postfix/smtpd[26807]: connect from aaa.chello.sk[89.173.206.108]
Jan 05 12:45:24 svali postfix/smtpd[26807]: 1328056578: client=aaa.chello.sk[89.173.206.108], sasl_method=PLAIN, sasl_username=xxx
Jan 05 12:45:24 svali postfix/cleanup[26821]: 1328056578: message-id=<42EC179A-DE92-4526-9F0E-DA3B5EF76B80@aaa>
Jan 05 12:45:24 svali postfix/qmgr[2599]: 1328056578: from=<xxx>, size=650, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Jan 05 12:45:24 svali postfix/smtp[26824]: 1328056578: to=<yyy>, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[2a00:1450:400c:c05::1a]:25, delay=0.71, delays=0.17/0.01/0.04/0.49, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 OK 1388925924 f3si3608555wik.58 - gsmtp)
Jan 05 12:45:24 svali postfix/qmgr[2599]: 1328056578: removed
Jan 05 12:45:26 svali postfix/smtpd[26827]: connect from mail-qe0-f42.google.com[209.85.128.42]
Jan 05 12:45:27 svali postfix/smtpd[26827]: 28DA856578: client=mail-qe0-f42.google.com[209.85.128.42]
Jan 05 12:45:27 svali postfix/cleanup[26821]: 28DA856578: message-id=<42EC179A-DE92-4526-9F0E-DA3B5EF76B80@aaa>
Jan 05 12:45:27 svali postfix/qmgr[2599]: 28DA856578: from=<yyy+caf_=dusan=xxx>, size=2535, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Jan 05 12:45:27 svali postfix/smtpd[26827]: disconnect from mail-qe0-f42.google.com[209.85.128.42]
Jan 05 12:45:28 svali dovecot[26832]: lda(xxx): sieve: msgid=<42EC179A-DE92-4526-9F0E-DA3B5EF76B80@aaa>: stored mail into mailbox 'INBOX'
Jan 05 12:45:28 svali postfix/pipe[26831]: 28DA856578: to=<xxx>, relay=spamass, delay=1.1, delays=0.69/0.01/0/0.36, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via spamass service)
Jan 05 12:45:28 svali postfix/qmgr[2599]: 28DA856578: removed
主配置文件
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/svali.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/svali.pem
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
# Enabling SMTP for authenticated users, and handing off authentication to Dovecot
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
permit_sasl_authenticated,
permit_mynetworks,
reject_unauth_destination
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = $myhostname
mydestination = localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
# Handing off local delivery to Dovecot's LMTP, and telling it where to store mail
# virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
virtual_transport = spamass
# Virtual domains, users, and aliases
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
# Disable TLS for SMTP connections
smtpd_discard_ehlo_keyword_address_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/discard_ehlo
# OpenDKIM
non_smtpd_milters=inet:127.0.0.1:8891
smtpd_milters=inet:127.0.0.1:8891
主配置文件
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
#smtp inet n - n - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - n - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - n - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - n - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot
-o smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth
-o smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous
-o smtpd_sasl_local_domain=$myhostname
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_sender_login_maps=hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=reject_sender_login_mismatch
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=reject_unknown_recipient_domain,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_milters=inet:127.0.0.1:8891
# -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - n - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - n 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce
defer unix - - n - 0 bounce
trace unix - - n - 0 bounce
verify unix - - n - 1 verify
flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - n - - smtp
relay unix - - n - - smtp
-o fallback_relay=
-o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - n - - showq
error unix - - n - - error
retry unix - - n - - error
discard unix - - n - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp
anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil
scache unix - - n - 1 scache
spamass unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/bin/vendor_perl/spamc -u ${recipient} -e /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
#uucp unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
#ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
#
#bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient
#
#scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
# flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store
# ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
#
#mailman unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
# ${nexthop} ${user}
答案1
此错误
Sender address rejected: not owned by user xxx;
来自对提交端口的限制（master.cf 文件）
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
...
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=reject_sender_login_mismatch
...
正如解释的那样man 5 postconf，
拒绝发送者登录不匹配
拒绝请求$smtpd_sender_login_maps指定 MAIL FROM 地址的所有者，但客户端未（SASL）以该 MAIL FROM 地址所有者身份登录；或者当客户端（SASL）登录，但根据$smtpd_sender_login_maps。
原因是iOS Mail 可以使用，但 Mail.app 和 Thunderbird 无法使用可能是您在配置邮件客户端时没有指定正确的发件人地址。