我一直无法让我的终端显示 unicode 符号。例如,在我拥有现在的操作系统之前,我将 ctrl+a 映射到 vim 中的希腊语 mu,它可以在其他计算机上运行,但不能在我当前的 xterm 上运行。这是我的相关部分.vimrc
:
set encoding=utf-8
"map control-a to mu
imap <C-a> <C-k>m*
另外,我需要在 python 中输出 sympy 方程,这适用于其他计算机,但不适用于我当前的 xterm。而不是这个:
$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Mar 14 2014, 11:57:14)
[GCC 4.7.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sympy
>>> x = sympy.symbols('x')
>>> sympy.init_printing()
>>> (sympy.sqrt(x**3/(x+1)), 1)
⎛ _______ ⎞
⎜ ╱ 3 ⎟
⎜ ╱ x ⎟
⎜ ╱ ───── , 1⎟
⎝╲╱ x + 1 ⎠
我明白了:
>>> (sympy.sqrt(x**3/(x+1)), 1)
n ------- n
n n 3 n
n n x n
n n ───── , 1n
nnnn x + 1 n
n
事实上,每当它无法显示 unicode 字符时,它似乎就使用该字符。
我正在从一个~/.xinitrc
文件运行 xterm 并为~/.Xresources
.这是我能想到的所有相关信息:
$ uname -a
Linux mypcname 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.60-1+deb7u3 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ xterm -version
XTerm(278)
$ cat ~/.xinitrc
#!/bin/bash
#update the xterm colors, font size, etc
[[ -f ~/.Xresources ]] && xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources
# run the window manager in the background first
metacity &
# get the window manager process id
wm_pid=$!
# wait a little while for the window manager to load (extend this if the xterm is not being properly maximised)
sleep 2
# run the xterm in fullscreen
#xterm +u8 -js -fullscreen &
xterm -en en_AU.UTF-8 -js -fullscreen &
# do not let the window manager become a zombie
wait $wm_pid
# this would run xterm first, then the window manager. doesn't maximise properly the first time startx is run
#xterm -fullscreen &
#exec mutter
$ cat ~/.Xresources
! see man xterm under the resources heading for explanations
! run `xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources` after altering this file
! run `xrdb -query -all` to see the current settings
xterm.vt100.faceName: Terminus
xterm.vt100.faceSize: 14
! do not display bold fonts in bold
xterm.vt100.AllowBoldFonts: false
! display bold fonts in a different color to make them stand out
xterm.vt100.colorBDMode: true
! use green as the bold color (same as in ~/.bashrc)
xterm.vt100.colorBD: #98E34D
! cols x lines ... update with values from $(echo $COLUMNS) and $(echo $LINES)
xterm.vt100.geometry: 126x52
! dark green foreground (same as in ~/.bashrc)
*foreground: #4E9A06
! black background
*background: #000000
! scroll quickly
xterm*fastScroll: true
! enable utf-8 encoding
xterm*locale: true
xterm*utf8: 1
! flash the current line instead of making the bell sound
*visualBell: true
*visualBellLine: true
! black
*color0: #2E3436
! darkred
*color1: #CC0000
! dark green
*color2: #4E9A06
! brown
*color3: #C4A000
! darkblue
*color4: #3465A4
! darkmagenta
*color5: #75507B
! darkcyan
*color6: #06989A
! lightgrey
*color7: #D3D7CF
! darkgrey
*color8: #555753
! red
*color9: #EF2929
! green
*colorA: #8AE234
! yellow
*colorB: #FCE94F
! blue
*colorC: #729FCF
! magenta
*colorD: #AD7FA8
! cyan
*colorE: #34E2E2
! white
*colorF: #EEEEEC
$ tail -10 .bashrc
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/sbin
export LC_ALL=en_AU.UTF-8
export LANG=en_AU.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=en_AU.UTF-8
# final logon actions:
# go straight to x on login. only do this for tty1 so that we can still use the other tty consoles without starting x. also only do this when there is not already a display, otherwise the xterm will try and do this after x starts aswell
[[ -z $DISPLAY ]] && [[ $(tty) = /dev/tty1 ]] && startx
$ locale
LANG=en_AU.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en_AU.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="en_AU.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_AU.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_AU.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_AU.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_AU.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_AU.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_AU.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_AU.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_AU.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_AU.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_AU.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_AU.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=en_AU.UTF-8
$ printenv XTERM_LOCALE
en_AU.UTF-8
$ xrdb -query -all
*background: #000000
*color0: #2E3436
*color1: #CC0000
*color2: #4E9A06
*color3: #C4A000
*color4: #3465A4
*color5: #75507B
*color6: #06989A
*color7: #D3D7CF
*color8: #555753
*color9: #EF2929
*colorA: #8AE234
*colorB: #FCE94F
*colorC: #729FCF
*colorD: #AD7FA8
*colorE: #34E2E2
*colorF: #EEEEEC
*foreground: #4E9A06
*visualBell: true
*visualBellLine: true
xterm*fastScroll: true
xterm*locale: true
xterm*utf8: 1
xterm.vt100.AllowBoldFonts: false
xterm.vt100.colorBD: #98E34D
xterm.vt100.colorBDMode: true
xterm.vt100.faceName: Terminus
xterm.vt100.faceSize: 14
xterm.vt100.geometry: 126x52
我怎样才能让utf-8在vim和方程中显示希腊符号sympy
?
要求提供额外信息
$ echo $TERM
xterm
$ appres XTerm
*form.Thickness: 0
*tekMenu*tekreset*Label: RESET
*tekMenu*tektext2*Label: #2 Size Characters
*tekMenu*tekhide*Label: Hide Tek Window
*tekMenu*tekcopy*Label: COPY
*tekMenu*tektext3*Label: #3 Size Characters
*tekMenu*vtshow*Label: Show VT Window
*tekMenu*tektextsmall*Label: Small Characters
*tekMenu*vtmode*Label: Switch to VT Mode
*tekMenu*tektextlarge*Label: Large Characters
*tekMenu*tekpage*Label: PAGE
*tekMenu.Label: Tek Options
*mainMenu*redraw*Label: Redraw Window
*mainMenu*sunKeyboard*Label: VT220 Keyboard
*mainMenu*terminate*Label: Send TERM Signal
*mainMenu*backarrow key*Label: Backarrow Key (BS/DEL)
*mainMenu*logging*Label: Log to File
*mainMenu*hpFunctionKeys*Label: HP Function-Keys
*mainMenu*kill*Label: Send KILL Signal
*mainMenu*num-lock*Label: Alt/NumLock Modifiers
*mainMenu*print-immediate*Label: Print-All Immediately
*mainMenu*scoFunctionKeys*Label: SCO Function-Keys
*mainMenu*quit*Label: Quit
*mainMenu*alt-esc*Label: Alt Sends Escape
*mainMenu*print-on-error*Label: Print-All on Error
*mainMenu*tcapFunctionKeys*Label: Termcap Function-Keys
*mainMenu*meta-esc*Label: Meta Sends Escape
*mainMenu*toolbar*Label: Toolbar
*mainMenu*print*Label: Print Window
*mainMenu*suspend*Label: Send STOP Signal
*mainMenu*delete-is-del*Label: Delete is DEL
*mainMenu*print-redir*Label: Redirect to Printer
*mainMenu*fullscreen*Label: Full Screen
*mainMenu*continue*Label: Send CONT Signal
*mainMenu*oldFunctionKeys*Label: Old Function-Keys
*mainMenu*securekbd*Label: Secure Keyboard
*mainMenu*interrupt*Label: Send INT Signal
*mainMenu*8-bit control*Label: 8-Bit Controls
*mainMenu*allowsends*Label: Allow SendEvents
*mainMenu*sunFunctionKeys*Label: Sun Function-Keys
*mainMenu*hangup*Label: Send HUP Signal
*mainMenu.Label: Main Options
*VT100.utf8Fonts.font4: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-c-80-iso10646-1
*VT100.utf8Fonts.font2: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--8-80-75-75-c-50-iso10646-1
*VT100.utf8Fonts.font6: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--20-200-75-75-c-100-iso10646-1
*VT100.utf8Fonts.font5: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--18-120-100-100-c-90-iso10646-1
*VT100.utf8Fonts.font3: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-130-75-75-c-70-iso10646-1
*VT100.utf8Fonts.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso10646-1
*VT100.font4: 7x13
*VT100.font2: 5x7
*VT100.font6: 10x20
*VT100.font5: 9x15
*VT100.font3: 6x10
*VT100.font1: nil2
*vtMenu*selectToClipboard*Label: Select to Clipboard
*vtMenu*reversewrap*Label: Enable Reverse Wraparound
*vtMenu*softreset*Label: Do Soft Reset
*vtMenu*cursesemul*Label: Enable Curses Emulation
*vtMenu*autolinefeed*Label: Enable Auto Linefeed
*vtMenu*hardreset*Label: Do Full Reset
*vtMenu*visualbell*Label: Enable Visual Bell
*vtMenu*appcursor*Label: Enable Application Cursor Keys
*vtMenu*clearsavedlines*Label: Reset and Clear Saved Lines
*vtMenu*bellIsUrgent*Label: Enable Bell Urgency
*vtMenu*appkeypad*Label: Enable Application Keypad
*vtMenu*tekshow*Label: Show Tek Window
*vtMenu*poponbell*Label: Enable Pop on Bell
*vtMenu*scrollbar*Label: Enable Scrollbar
*vtMenu*scrollkey*Label: Scroll to Bottom on Key Press
*vtMenu*tekmode*Label: Switch to Tek Mode
*vtMenu*scrollttyoutput*Label: Scroll to Bottom on Tty Output
*vtMenu*jumpscroll*Label: Enable Jump Scroll
*vtMenu*cursorblink*Label: Enable Blinking Cursor
*vtMenu*vthide*Label: Hide VT Window
*vtMenu*allow132*Label: Allow 80/132 Column Switching
*vtMenu*reversevideo*Label: Enable Reverse Video
*vtMenu*titeInhibit*Label: Enable Alternate Screen Switching
*vtMenu*altscreen*Label: Show Alternate Screen
*vtMenu*keepSelection*Label: Keep Selection
*vtMenu*autowrap*Label: Enable Auto Wraparound
*vtMenu*activeicon*Label: Enable Active Icon
*vtMenu.Label: VT Options
*SimpleMenu*menuLabel.font: -adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*
*SimpleMenu*menuLabel.vertSpace: 100
*SimpleMenu*Sme.height: 16
*SimpleMenu*BackingStore: NotUseful
*SimpleMenu*HorizontalMargins: 16
*SimpleMenu*Cursor: left_ptr
*SimpleMenu*borderWidth: 2
*menubar.borderWidth: 0
*tek4014*fontLarge: 9x15
*tek4014*font2: 8x13
*tek4014*font3: 6x13
*tek4014*fontSmall: 6x10
*MenuButton*borderWidth: 0
*fontMenu*render-font*Label: TrueType Fonts
*fontMenu*fontdefault*Label: Default
*fontMenu*font6*Label: Huge
*fontMenu*allow-window-ops*Label: Allow Window Ops
*fontMenu*utf8-mode*Label: UTF-8 Encoding
*fontMenu*font1*Label: Unreadable
*fontMenu*fontescape*Label: Escape Sequence
*fontMenu*utf8-fonts*Label: UTF-8 Fonts
*fontMenu*fontsel*Label: Selection
*fontMenu*allow-bold-fonts*Label: Bold Fonts
*fontMenu*utf8-title*Label: UTF-8 Titles
*fontMenu*font-linedrawing*Label: Line-Drawing Characters
*fontMenu*font2*Label: Tiny
*fontMenu*allow-color-ops*Label: Allow Color Ops
*fontMenu*font-doublesize*Label: Doublesized Characters
*fontMenu*font3*Label: Small
*fontMenu*allow-font-ops*Label: Allow Font Ops
*fontMenu*font-loadable*Label: VT220 Soft Fonts
*fontMenu*font4*Label: Medium
*fontMenu*allow-tcap-ops*Label: Allow Termcap Ops
*fontMenu*font-packed*Label: Packed Font
*fontMenu*font5*Label: Large
*fontMenu*allow-title-ops*Label: Allow Title Ops
*fontMenu.Label: VT Fonts
*colorD: #AD7FA8
*color5: #75507B
*backarrowKeyIsErase: true
*colorE: #34E2E2
*color6: #06989A
*ptyInitialErase: true
*colorF: #EEEEEC
*background: #000000
*color7: #D3D7CF
*saveLines: 1024
*color8: #555753
*color0: #2E3436
*foreground: #4E9A06
*IconFont: nil2
*color9: #EF2929
*color1: #CC0000
*visualBell: true
*colorA: #8AE234
*color2: #4E9A06
*visualBellLine: true
*colorB: #FCE94F
*color3: #C4A000
*colorC: #729FCF
*color4: #3465A4
$ xterm -u8 -fa "DejaVu Sans Mono"
# the following is typed in the resulting terminal:
$ echo -e "\xE2\x98\xA0"
n
# however when i copy the result from `echo -e "\xE2\x98\xA0"`
# into my browser, i get this: ☠ (a skull) but it does not show
# up as a skull in my xterm
$ lsof -p $PPID | grep fonts
xterm 5990 me mem REG 254,1 4971 13501810 /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc/ter-u18b_iso-8859-1.pcf.gz
xterm 5990 me mem REG 254,1 4897 13505403 /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc/ter-u18n_iso-8859-1.pcf.gz
我也跑了$ fc-list
,但输出太大,无法粘贴到这个问题中。所以我已经把它这里
它在我的浏览器中显示的内容:
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSansBold.ttf: FreeSans:style=Bold,получерен,negreta,tučné,fed,Fett,Έντονα,Negrita,Lihavoitu,Gras,Félkövér,Grassetto,Vet,Halvfet,Pogrubiony,Negrito,gros,Полужирный,Fet,Kalın,huruf tebal,жирний,Krepko,treknraksts,pusjuodis,đậm,Lodia,धृष्ट
我在终端中看到的内容:
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSansBold.ttf: FreeSans:style=Bold,nnnnnnnnn,negreta,tunné,fed,Fett,nnnnnn,Negrita,Lihavoitu,Gras,Félkövér,Grassetto,Vet,Halvfet,Pogrubiony,Negrito,gros,nnnnnnnnnn,Fet,Kalın,huruf tebal,nnnnnn,Krepko,treknraksts,pusjuodis,nậm,Lodia,nnn
有趣的是,一些“特殊”字符确实出现在我的终端中,但大多数都被n
.你可以在前面的输出中看到,没有一个получерен
可以显示,但是最后一个字符tučné
可以显示(而中间č
不能 - 它被替换为n
)
根据 @apaul 的评论,xterm 似乎没有加载正确的字体。尝试设置一个虚拟类,这样它就不会加载 xterm 资源:
$ xterm -class Foo -name foo -u8 -fa "DejaVu Sans Mono:style=Book"
$ # the following commands are all executed in the resulting terminal:
$ echo -e "\xE2\x98\xA0"
☠
$ # the above skull actually shows up now. and so does the unicode
$ # output from sympy and also vi can display greek symbols now :)
剩下的就是找出为什么 xterm 无法使用 来设置字体~/.Xresoureces
,并使其正常工作。似乎某些东西必须覆盖字体设置?
实际上我只是想用 terminus 字体尝试上面的命令,看来这就是问题所在:
$ xterm -class Foo -name foo -u8 -fa "Terminus"
$ # the following commands are all executed in the resulting terminal:
$ echo -e "\xE2\x98\xA0"
n
也许终端没有正确安装?或者被映射到其他东西。我怎样才能发现这一点?
答案1
写于 2016 年,谈论 xterm 补丁 #278(2012 年发布):
xterm 使用单一字体,而不是字体套其他几个终端也支持这些。其中的伪图形字符(从 xterm 粘贴):
⎛ ⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽ ⎞
⎜ ╱ 3 ⎟
⎜ ╱ x ⎟
⎜ ╱ ───── , 1⎟
⎝╲╱ x + 1 ⎠
是不是由此处指定的 TypeType 字体提供:
xterm.vt100.faceName: Terminus
xterm.vt100.faceSize: 14
其他终端,考虑到字体将提供来自其他字体。
让 xterm 工作的方法是
- 指定涵盖所有所需字符的字体,以及
- 告诉它使用 UTF-8 编码。
后者是通过locale
资源的默认设置为大多数用户解决的:xterm 将(通常)使用 UTF-8 编码。但默认行为是 VT100 兼容的,因此使用 ISO-8859-1 兼容字体。
- 终点站使用了更多的字形,但下降了远的无法覆盖 Unicode 中的所有伪图形。
- 显示为
n
U+239B、U+239C、U+239D、U+239E、U+23A0。 - Debian 7(和 Debian 测试)中的 Terminus 版本少于 256 个字形,并且恰好
n
按照问题中的描述显示。
发生这种情况是因为(尽管 xterm 知道字形丢失了),它已经使用字体打印了字符串,假设(就像最多其他字体)缺少的条目将显示为空白。在这种情况下,freetype 库似乎是映射将 Unicode 值的低位字节转换为 Terminus 支持的范围。这恰好落在字体显示的范围内n
(对于“没有这样的字符”):
快速解决方法是使用uxterm
脚本,该脚本选择不同的字体并确保使用 UTF-8 编码。
进一步阅读:
uxterm
- 适用于 Unicode (UTF-8) 环境的 X 终端模拟器- UXTerm.ad(X 应用程序资源用于
uxterm
) - Terminus 字体主页
Terminus Font 是一种干净的、固定宽度的位图字体,专为长时间(每天 8 小时或以上)使用计算机而设计。 4.40版本包含1241字符,涵盖约120种语言集,支持ISO8859-1/2/5/7/9/13/15/16、Paratype-PT154/PT254、KOI8-R/U/E/F、世界语、许多IBM、Windows和Macintosh 代码页,以及 IBM VGA、vt100 和 xterm 伪图形字符。
上面讲的是xterm补丁 #2782016年已经四岁了。 xterm 的开发正在进行中,从补丁 #338(2018 年底)支持 TrueType 字体集。这是使用 xterm 的 OP 资源设置的屏幕截图补丁#342(#343 可能会“很快”发布):
使用-report-fonts
选项,我看到它加载了这些字体文件(处理加粗斜体与“相同”一样普通的,并使用第二特殊字符的字体):
file=/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc/ter-u18n\_iso-8859-1.pcf.gz
file=/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc/ter-u18b\_iso-8859-1.pcf.gz
file=/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc/ter-u18n\_iso-8859-1.pcf.gz
file=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansMono.ttf
字体的实际数量取决于您想要做什么。在测试现有的 Unicode 值范围时,它可能会使用几十种字体。
答案2
评论中的解决方案:
uxterm
- Ctrl右键单击(上下文菜单)和 UTF-8 编码。
xterm -u8
- X 资源:使用字体规格字符集和 econding 字段设置为
-iso10646-1
例如,对于xterm
(X-class Xterm
) 和 Terminus 字体,您可以添加到 ~/.Xresources
XTerm*font: -*-terminus-medium-r-normal--18-*-*-*-*-*-iso10646-1
要查找系统上安装的字体及其字体规格,请参阅/usr/share/fonts/*/*.dir
文件。编辑后~/.Xresources
,用 加载它们xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources
。
答案3
不幸的是,我也无法在xterm
.作为解决方法,我最终安装了rxvt
,可以从rpmforge在 EL 发行版上。还有一个unicode-256color该程序的版本,对我来说非常有用。描述如下:
Name : rxvt
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 18
Version : 2.7.10
Release : 2.el7.rf
Size : 326 k
Repo : rpmforge
Summary : Color VT102 terminal emulator for the X Window System
URL : http://www.rxvt.org/
License : GPL
Description : Rxvt is a color VT102 terminal emulator for the X Window System. Rxvt
: is intended to be an xterm replacement for users who don't need the
: more esoteric features of xterm, like Tektronix 4014 emulation,
: session logging and toolkit style configurability. Since it does not
: support those features, rxvt uses much less swap space than xterm
: uses. This is a significant advantage on a machine which is serving a
: large number of X sessions.
建筑维基百科一如既往地提供有关配置和用例的有用信息。
答案4
使用像下面这样的 TrueType 字体怎么样?我无法-fn *-*-...
使用 xterm 获得工作标准选项,但这工作得很好。
xterm -fa 'Inconsolata' -fs 12
可以下载 Inconsolata 字体这里