我dig xkcd.com
得到了类似这样的结果:
; <<>> DiG 9.9.5-3ubuntu0.1-Ubuntu <<>> xkcd.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 52538
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 5
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;xkcd.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
xkcd.com. 769 IN A 107.6.106.82
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
xkcd.com. 87784 IN NS dns3.p03.nsone.net.
xkcd.com. 87784 IN NS dns1.p03.nsone.net.
xkcd.com. 87784 IN NS dns2.p03.nsone.net.
xkcd.com. 87784 IN NS dns4.p03.nsone.net.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
dns1.p03.nsone.net. 70809 IN A 198.51.44.3
dns2.p03.nsone.net. 70809 IN A 198.51.45.3
dns3.p03.nsone.net. 71406 IN A 198.51.44.67
dns4.p03.nsone.net. 70809 IN A 198.51.45.67
;; Query time: 222 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.1.1#53(127.0.1.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Jan 21 22:16:42 HKT 2015
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 206
这是的769
缓存值。但是,当我重复几次(间隔几秒钟)时,每次都会得到一个看似随机的值。以下是序列:TTL
xkcd.com
dig xkcd.com
TTL
TRY | ANSWER | AUTHORITY | ADDITIONAL | WHEN
====================================================================
1 | 586 | 59577 | 44474 | Wed Jan 21 22:18:31 HKT 2015
2 | 587 | 14242 | 56745 | Wed Jan 21 22:18:32 HKT 2015
3 | 658 | 87673 | 70698 | Wed Jan 21 22:18:34 HKT 2015
4 | 1022 | 76200 | 51189 | Wed Jan 21 22:18:40 HKT 2015
5 | 1200 | 160954 | 44662 | Wed Jan 21 22:18:41 HKT 2015
6 | 574 | 59565 | 44462 | Wed Jan 21 22:18:43 HKT 2015
7 | 646 | 87661 | 70686 | Wed Jan 21 22:18:46 HKT 2015
8 | 1200 | 121364 | 55967 | Wed Jan 21 22:18:47 HKT 2015
9 | 1200 | 83292 | 54698 | Wed Jan 21 22:18:48 HKT 2015
10 | 1024 | 40540 | 43816 | Wed Jan 21 22:18:49 HKT 2015
为什么我会得到这个看似随机(在一定范围内)的值TTL
?我预计它会逐渐减少,因为它被缓存了。
答案1
Dig 报告称TTL 到期前的剩余时间而不是实际的 TTL 值。如果数字不同,则很可能您正在查询不同的 DNS 服务器(例如,循环),这些服务器缓存记录的时间不同,因此到期时间也不同。
如果您对同一 DNS 服务器运行相同的查询,您将看到 TTL 减少的秒数(大致)与您在查询之间等待的秒数相同。如下所示:
ragnarok:~ cwatson$ dig a cwatson.org @192.168.50.11; sleep 2s; dig a cwatson.org @192.168.50.11
; <<>> DiG 9.8.3-P1 <<>> a cwatson.org @192.168.50.11
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 39178
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;cwatson.org. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
cwatson.org. 5847 IN A 46.249.223.150
;; Query time: 43 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.50.11#53(192.168.50.11)
;; WHEN: Wed Jan 21 14:51:08 2015
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 45
; <<>> DiG 9.8.3-P1 <<>> a cwatson.org @192.168.50.11
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 24943
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;cwatson.org. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
cwatson.org. 5845 IN A 46.249.223.150
;; Query time: 45 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.50.11#53(192.168.50.11)
;; WHEN: Wed Jan 21 14:51:10 2015
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 45
因此,对于您的完整示例,距离 A 记录过期还有 769 秒,这将强制从上游 DNS 服务器重新查找。
查看答案这里了解更多详情。