我试图关闭我运行的开放中继 Postfix 服务器，因为有垃圾邮件从它那里发出，现在我无法收到电子邮件。当有人试图发送电子邮件时，我在日志中收到的消息是Fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms
这是我的main.cf：
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
#smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
#smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
#smtpd_use_tls=yes
#smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
#smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem
smtpd_use_tls=no
smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous noplaintext
smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,
reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org,
reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net,
reject_rbl_client list.dsbl.org, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org,
reject_rbl_client dnsbl.sorbs.net, permit
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
myhostname = cheesemail.us
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
#mydestination = example.com, hostname.example.com, localhost.example.com
mydestination = localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
smtp_bind_address=162.248.92.245
## Tells Postfix to use Dovecot's LMTP instead of its own LDA to save emails to the local mailboxes.
virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
## Tells Postfix you're using MySQL to store virtual domains, and gives the paths to the database connections.
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
这是我的master.cf：
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
#-o smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous
#smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=none
#-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
我不确定 dovecot 是否重要，但我也会发布我从中编辑的配置。
10-主服务器.conf：
#default_process_limit = 100
#default_client_limit = 1000
# Default VSZ (virtual memory size) limit for service processes. This is mainly
# intended to catch and kill processes that leak memory before they eat up
# everything.
#default_vsz_limit = 256M
# Login user is internally used by login processes. This is the most untrusted
# user in Dovecot system. It shouldn't have access to anything at all.
#default_login_user = dovenull
# Internal user is used by unprivileged processes. It should be separate from
# login user, so that login processes can't disturb other processes.
#default_internal_user = dovecot
service imap-login {
inet_listener imap {
port = 0
}
inet_listener imaps {
#port = 993
#ssl = yes
}
}
service pop3-login {
inet_listener pop3 {
#port = 110
}
inet_listener pop3s {
#port = 995
#ssl = yes
}
}
service lmtp {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {
mode = 0600
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
# Create inet listener only if you can't use the above UNIX socket
#inet_listener lmtp {
# Avoid making LMTP visible for the entire internet
#address =
#port =
#}
}
service imap {
# Most of the memory goes to mmap()ing files. You may need to increase this
# limit if you have huge mailboxes.
#vsz_limit = 256M
# Max. number of IMAP processes (connections)
#process_limit = 1024
}
service pop3 {
# Max. number of POP3 processes (connections)
#process_limit = 1024
}
service auth {
# auth_socket_path points to this userdb socket by default. It's typically
# used by dovecot-lda, doveadm, possibly imap process, etc. Its default
# permissions make it readable only by root, but you may need to relax these
# permissions. Users that have access to this socket are able to get a list
# of all usernames and get results of everyone's userdb lookups.
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
mode = 0666
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
unix_listener auth-userdb {
mode = 0600
user = vmail
#group =
}
# Postfix smtp-auth
#unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
# mode = 0666
#}
# Auth process is run as this user.
user = dovecot
}
service auth-worker {
# Auth worker process is run as root by default, so that it can access
# /etc/shadow. If this isn't necessary, the user should be changed to
# $default_internal_user.
user = vmail
}
service dict {
# If dict proxy is used, mail processes should have access to its socket.
# For example: mode=0660, group=vmail and global mail_access_groups=vmail
unix_listener dict {
#mode = 0600
#user =
#group =
}
}
我感觉它与有关service auth {...}，因为它谈论的是日志中的身份验证。
如果我需要添加更多配置，请告诉我。我这里没有主意了。
10-授权：
##
## Authentication processes
##
# Disable LOGIN command and all other plaintext authentications unless
# SSL/TLS is used (LOGINDISABLED capability). Note that if the remote IP
# matches the local IP (ie. you're connecting from the same computer), the
# connection is considered secure and plaintext authentication is allowed.
disable_plaintext_auth = yes
# Authentication cache size (e.g. 10M). 0 means it's disabled. Note that
# bsdauth, PAM and vpopmail require cache_key to be set for caching to be used.
#auth_cache_size = 0
# Time to live for cached data. After TTL expires the cached record is no
# longer used, *except* if the main database lookup returns internal failure.
# We also try to handle password changes automatically: If user's previous
# authentication was successful, but this one wasn't, the cache isn't used.
# For now this works only with plaintext authentication.
#auth_cache_ttl = 1 hour
# TTL for negative hits (user not found, password mismatch).
# 0 disables caching them completely.
#auth_cache_negative_ttl = 1 hour
# Space separated list of realms for SASL authentication mechanisms that need
# them. You can leave it empty if you don't want to support multiple realms.
# Many clients simply use the first one listed here, so keep the default realm
# first.
#auth_realms =
# Default realm/domain to use if none was specified. This is used for both
# SASL realms and appending @domain to username in plaintext logins.
#auth_default_realm =
# List of allowed characters in username. If the user-given username contains
# a character not listed in here, the login automatically fails. This is just
# an extra check to make sure user can't exploit any potential quote escaping
# vulnerabilities with SQL/LDAP databases. If you want to allow all characters,
# set this value to empty.
#auth_username_chars = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ01234567890.-_@
# Username character translations before it's looked up from databases. The
# value contains series of from -> to characters. For example "#@/@" means
# that '#' and '/' characters are translated to '@'.
#auth_username_translation =
# Username formatting before it's looked up from databases. You can use
# the standard variables here, eg. %Lu would lowercase the username, %n would
# drop away the domain if it was given, or "%n-AT-%d" would change the '@' into
# "-AT-". This translation is done after auth_username_translation changes.
#auth_username_format =
# If you want to allow master users to log in by specifying the master
# username within the normal username string (ie. not using SASL mechanism's
# support for it), you can specify the separator character here. The format
# is then <username><separator><master username>. UW-IMAP uses "*" as the
# separator, so that could be a good choice.
#auth_master_user_separator =
# Username to use for users logging in with ANONYMOUS SASL mechanism
#auth_anonymous_username = anonymous
# Maximum number of dovecot-auth worker processes. They're used to execute
# blocking passdb and userdb queries (eg. MySQL and PAM). They're
# automatically created and destroyed as needed.
#auth_worker_max_count = 30
# Host name to use in GSSAPI principal names. The default is to use the
# name returned by gethostname(). Use "$ALL" (with quotes) to allow all keytab
# entries.
#auth_gssapi_hostname =
# Kerberos keytab to use for the GSSAPI mechanism. Will use the system
# default (usually /etc/krb5.keytab) if not specified. You may need to change
# the auth service to run as root to be able to read this file.
#auth_krb5_keytab =
# Do NTLM and GSS-SPNEGO authentication using Samba's winbind daemon and
# ntlm_auth helper. <doc/wiki/Authentication/Mechanisms/Winbind.txt>
#auth_use_winbind = no
# Path for Samba's ntlm_auth helper binary.
#auth_winbind_helper_path = /usr/bin/ntlm_auth
# Time to delay before replying to failed authentications.
#auth_failure_delay = 2 secs
# Require a valid SSL client certificate or the authentication fails.
#auth_ssl_require_client_cert = no
# Take the username from client's SSL certificate, using
# X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID() which returns the subject's DN's
# CommonName.
#auth_ssl_username_from_cert = no
# Space separated list of wanted authentication mechanisms:
# plain login digest-md5 cram-md5 ntlm rpa apop anonymous gssapi otp skey
# gss-spnego
# NOTE: See also disable_plaintext_auth setting.
auth_mechanisms = plain login
##
## Password and user databases
##
#
# Password database is used to verify user's password (and nothing more).
# You can have multiple passdbs and userdbs. This is useful if you want to
# allow both system users (/etc/passwd) and virtual users to login without
# duplicating the system users into virtual database.
#
# <doc/wiki/PasswordDatabase.txt>
#
# User database specifies where mails are located and what user/group IDs
# own them. For single-UID configuration use "static" userdb.
#
# <doc/wiki/UserDatabase.txt>
#!include auth-deny.conf.ext
#!include auth-master.conf.ext
#!include auth-system.conf.ext
!include auth-sql.conf.ext
#!include auth-ldap.conf.ext
#!include auth-passwdfile.conf.ext
#!include auth-checkpassword.conf.ext
#!include auth-vpopmail.conf.ext
#!include auth-static.conf.ext
这里设置的机制是计划和登录。
日志片段
Jan 28 07:53:27 chicago1 dovecot: director: Fatal: Invalid value for director_mail_servers setting
Jan 28 07:53:27 chicago1 dovecot: lmtp(27036): Connect from local
Jan 28 07:53:27 chicago1 dovecot: lmtp(27036): Disconnect from local: Connection closed (in banner)
Jan 28 07:53:27 chicago1 dovecot: lmtp(27050): Connect from local
Jan 28 07:53:27 chicago1 dovecot: lmtp(27050): Disconnect from local: Connection closed (in banner)
Jan 28 07:53:27 chicago1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: doveadm client disconnected before handshake: EOF
Jan 28 07:53:28 chicago1 dovecot: imap-urlauth-login: Error: auth: connect(tokenlogin) failed: Connection refused
Jan 28 07:53:29 chicago1 dovecot: imap-urlauth-login: Error: auth: connect(tokenlogin) failed: Connection refused
Jan 28 07:53:29 chicago1 dovecot: imap-urlauth-login: Disconnected (disconnected before auth was ready, waited 1 secs): user=<>, secured, session=<12Kp27UNAAAAAAAA>
Jan 28 07:54:17 chicago1 postfix/smtpd[27102]: connect from unknown[unknown]
Jan 28 07:54:17 chicago1 postfix/smtpd[27102]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms
Jan 28 07:54:17 chicago1 postfix/smtpd[27103]: connect from localhost[::1]
Jan 28 07:54:17 chicago1 postfix/smtpd[27103]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms
Jan 28 07:54:18 chicago1 postfix/master[26883]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/smtpd pid 27102 exit status 1
Jan 28 07:54:18 chicago1 postfix/master[26883]: warning: /usr/lib/postfix/smtpd: bad command startup -- throttling
Jan 28 07:54:18 chicago1 postfix/master[26883]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/smtpd pid 27103 exit status 1
Jan 28 07:54:26 chicago1 dovecot: imap-login: Error: auth: connect(login) failed: Connection refused
Jan 28 07:54:27 chicago1 dovecot: imap-login: Error: auth: connect(login) failed: Connection refused
Jan 28 07:54:27 chicago1 dovecot: imap-login: Error: connect(ssl-params) failed: Connection refused
Jan 28 07:54:37 chicago1 dovecot: imap-login: Warning: Auth process not responding, delayed sending initial response (greeting): user=<>, rip=72.5.195.249, lip=72.5.195.249, TLS, session=<qHPB37UNhQBIBcP5>
答案1
检查您的 10_auth.conf。
disable_plaintext_auth = yes
...
auth_mechanisms = plain login
您允许的身份验证机制均已被disable_plaintext_auth指令禁用，因此不再存在任何机制。