我对文件 /etc/fail2ban/jail.local（/etc/fail2ban/jail.conf 的副本）进行了一些更改并保存，但现在 fail2ban 无法启动。如果我删除 jail.local，它就会再次启动。所以问题出在这个文件（jail.local）上，但经过 2 小时的查找问题，我真的不知道错误在哪里。
请问有人能帮我找出问题吗？谢谢。
这是文件
#
# WARNING: heavily refactored in 0.9.0 release. Please review and
# customize settings for your setup.
#
# Changes: in most of the cases you should not modify this
# file, but provide customizations in jail.local file,
# or separate .conf files under jail.d/ directory, e.g.:
#
# HOW TO ACTIVATE JAILS:
#
# YOU SHOULD NOT MODIFY THIS FILE.
#
# It will probably be overwritten or improved in a distribution update.
#
# Provide customizations in a jail.local file or a jail.d/customisation.local.
# For example to change the default bantime for all jails and to enable the
# ssh-iptables jail the following (uncommented) would appear in the .local file.
# See man 5 jail.conf for details.
#
# [DEFAULT]
# bantime = 3600
#
# [sshd]
# enabled = true
#
# See jail.conf(5) man page for more information
# Comments: use '#' for comment lines and ';' (following a space) for inline comments
[INCLUDES]
#before = paths-distro.conf
before = paths-fedora.conf
# The DEFAULT allows a global definition of the options. They can be overridden
# in each jail afterwards.
[DEFAULT]
#
# MISCELLANEOUS OPTIONS
#
# "ignoreip" can be an IP address, a CIDR mask or a DNS host. Fail2ban will not
# ban a host which matches an address in this list. Several addresses can be
# defined using space separator.
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 199.27.128.0/21 173.245.48.0/20 103.21.244.0/22 103.22.200.0/22 103.31.4.0/22 141.101.64.0/18 108.162.192.0/18 190.93.240.0/20 188.114.96.0/20 197.234.240.0/22 198.41.128.0/17 162.158.0.0/15 104.16.0.0/12
# External command that will take an tagged arguments to ignore, e.g. <ip>,
# and return true if the IP is to be ignored. False otherwise.
#
# ignorecommand = /path/to/command <ip>
ignorecommand =
# "bantime" is the number of seconds that a host is banned.
bantime = 2700000
# A host is banned if it has generated "maxretry" during the last "findtime"
# seconds.
findtime = 600
# "maxretry" is the number of failures before a host get banned.
maxretry = 5
# "backend" specifies the backend used to get files modification.
# Available options are "pyinotify", "gamin", "polling", "systemd" and "auto".
# This option can be overridden in each jail as well.
#
# pyinotify: requires pyinotify (a file alteration monitor) to be installed.
# If pyinotify is not installed, Fail2ban will use auto.
# gamin: requires Gamin (a file alteration monitor) to be installed.
# If Gamin is not installed, Fail2ban will use auto.
# polling: uses a polling algorithm which does not require external libraries.
# systemd: uses systemd python library to access the systemd journal.
# Specifying "logpath" is not valid for this backend.
# See "journalmatch" in the jails associated filter config
# auto: will try to use the following backends, in order:
# pyinotify, gamin, polling.
backend = auto
# "usedns" specifies if jails should trust hostnames in logs,
# warn when DNS lookups are performed, or ignore all hostnames in logs
#
# yes: if a hostname is encountered, a DNS lookup will be performed.
# warn: if a hostname is encountered, a DNS lookup will be performed,
# but it will be logged as a warning.
# no: if a hostname is encountered, will not be used for banning,
# but it will be logged as info.
usedns = warn
# "logencoding" specifies the encoding of the log files handled by the jail
# This is used to decode the lines from the log file.
# Typical examples: "ascii", "utf-8"
#
# auto: will use the system locale setting
logencoding = auto
# "enabled" enables the jails.
# By default all jails are disabled, and it should stay this way.
# Enable only relevant to your setup jails in your .local or jail.d/*.conf
#
# true: jail will be enabled and log files will get monitored for changes
# false: jail is not enabled
enabled = false
# "filter" defines the filter to use by the jail.
# By default jails have names matching their filter name
#
filter = %(__name__)s
#
# ACTIONS
#
# Some options used for actions
# Destination email address used solely for the interpolations in
# jail.{conf,local,d/*} configuration files.
destemail = root@localhost
# Sender email address used solely for some actions
sender = root@localhost
# E-mail action. Since 0.8.1 Fail2Ban uses sendmail MTA for the
# mailing. Change mta configuration parameter to mail if you want to
# revert to conventional 'mail'.
mta = sendmail
# Default protocol
protocol = tcp
# Specify chain where jumps would need to be added in iptables-* actions
chain = INPUT
# Ports to be banned
# Usually should be overridden in a particular jail
port = 0:65535
#
# Action shortcuts. To be used to define action parameter
# Default banning action (e.g. iptables, iptables-new,
# iptables-multiport, shorewall, etc) It is used to define
# action_* variables. Can be overridden globally or per
# section within jail.local file
banaction = iptables-multiport
# The simplest action to take: ban only
action_ = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
# ban & send an e-mail with whois report to the destemail.
action_mw = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
%(mta)s-whois[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
# ban & send an e-mail with whois report and relevant log lines
# to the destemail.
action_mwl = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
%(mta)s-whois-lines[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s", logpath=%(logpath)s, chain="%(chain)s"]
# See the IMPORTANT note in action.d/xarf-login-attack for when to use this action
#
# ban & send a xarf e-mail to abuse contact of IP address and include relevant log lines
# to the destemail.
action_xarf = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
xarf-login-attack[service=%(__name__)s, sender="%(sender)s", logpath=%(logpath)s, port="%(port)s"]
# Report block via blocklist.de fail2ban reporting service API
#
# See the IMPORTANT note in action.d/blocklist_de.conf for when to
# use this action. Create a file jail.d/blocklist_de.local containing
# [Init]
# blocklist_de_apikey = {api key from registration]
#
action_blocklist_de = blocklist_de[email="%(sender)s", service=%(filter)s, apikey="%(blocklist_de_apikey)s"]
# Report ban via badips.com, and use as blacklist
#
# See BadIPsAction docstring in config/action.d/badips.py for
# documentation for this action.
#
# NOTE: This action relies on banaction being present on start and therefore
# should be last action defined for a jail.
#
action_badips = badips.py[category="%(name)s", banaction="%(banaction)s"]
# Choose default action. To change, just override value of 'action' with the
# interpolation to the chosen action shortcut (e.g. action_mw, action_mwl, etc) in jail.local
# globally (section [DEFAULT]) or per specific section
action = %(action_)s
#
# JAILS
#
#
# SSH servers
#
[sshd]
enabled = true
port = ssh
filter = sshd
logpath = %(sshd_log)s
maxretry = 5
[sshd-ddos]
# This jail corresponds to the standard configuration in Fail2ban.
# The mail-whois action send a notification e-mail with a whois request
# in the body.
enabled = true
port = ssh
filter = sshd-ddos
logpath = %(sshd_log)s
maxretry = 5
[dropbear]
port = ssh
logpath = %(dropbear_log)s
[selinux-ssh]
port = ssh
logpath = %(auditd_log)s
maxretry = 5
#
# HTTP servers
#
[apache-auth]
enabled = true
port = http,https
filter = apache-auth
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
maxretry = 5
[apache-badbots]
# Ban hosts which agent identifies spammer robots crawling the web
# for email addresses. The mail outputs are buffered.
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_access_log)s
bantime = 172800
maxretry = 1
[apache-noscript]
enabled = true
port = http,https
filter = apache-noscript
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
maxretry = 6
[apache-overflows]
enabled = true
port = http,https
filter = apache-overflows
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
maxretry = 3
[apache-nohome]
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
maxretry = 2
[apache-botsearch]
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
maxretry = 2
[apache-modsecurity]
port = http,https
logpath = %(apache_error_log)s
maxretry = 2
[apache-shellshock]
enabled = true
port = http,https
filter = apache-shellshock
logpath = $(apache_error_log)s
maxretry = 1
[nginx-http-auth]
ports = http,https
logpath = %(nginx_error_log)s
# Ban attackers that try to use PHP's URL-fopen() functionality
# through GET/POST variables. - Experimental, with more than a year
# of usage in production environments.
[php-url-fopen]
port = http,https
logpath = %(nginx_access_log)s
%(apache_access_log)s
[suhosin]
port = http,https
logpath = %(suhosin_log)s
[lighttpd-auth]
# Same as above for Apache's mod_auth
# It catches wrong authentifications
port = http,https
logpath = %(lighttpd_error_log)s
#
# Webmail and groupware servers
#
[roundcube-auth]
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/roundcube/userlogins
[openwebmail]
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/openwebmail.log
[horde]
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/horde/horde.log
[groupoffice]
port = http,https
logpath = /home/groupoffice/log/info.log
[sogo-auth]
# Monitor SOGo groupware server
# without proxy this would be:
# port = 20000
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/sogo/sogo.log
[tine20]
logpath = /var/log/tine20/tine20.log
port = http,https
maxretry = 5
#
# Web Applications
#
#
[guacamole]
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/tomcat*/catalina.out
[monit]
#Ban clients brute-forcing the monit gui login
filter = monit
port = 2812
logpath = /var/log/monit
[webmin-auth]
enabled = true
port = 10000
filter = webmin-auth
logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s
maxretry = 5
#
# HTTP Proxy servers
#
#
[squid]
port = 80,443,3128,8080
logpath = /var/log/squid/access.log
[3proxy]
port = 3128
logpath = /var/log/3proxy.log
#
# FTP servers
#
[proftpd]
enabled = true
port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data
filter = proftpd
logpath = %(proftpd_log)s
maxretry = 5
[pure-ftpd]
port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data
logpath = %(pureftpd_log)s
maxretry = 6
[gssftpd]
port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data
logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s
maxretry = 6
[wuftpd]
port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data
logpath = %(wuftpd_log)s
maxretry = 6
[vsftpd]
# or overwrite it in jails.local to be
# logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s
# if you want to rely on PAM failed login attempts
# vsftpd's failregex should match both of those formats
port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data
logpath = %(vsftpd_log)s
#
# Mail servers
#
# ASSP SMTP Proxy Jail
[assp]
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = /root/path/to/assp/logs/maillog.txt
[courier-smtp]
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
[postfix]
enabled = true
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(postfix_log)s
[sendmail-auth]
enabled = true
port = submission,465,smtp
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
[sendmail-reject]
enabled = true
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
[qmail-rbl]
filter = qmail
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = /service/qmail/log/main/current
# dovecot defaults to logging to the mail syslog facility
# but can be set by syslog_facility in the dovecot configuration.
[dovecot]
enabled = true
port = pop3,pop3s,imap,imaps,submission,465,sieve
logpath = %(dovecot_log)s
[sieve]
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(dovecot_log)s
[solid-pop3d]
port = pop3,pop3s
logpath = %(solidpop3d_log)s
[exim]
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(exim_main_log)s
[exim-spam]
port = smtp,465,submission
logpath = %(exim_main_log)s
[kerio]
port = imap,smtp,imaps,465
logpath = /opt/kerio/mailserver/store/logs/security.log
#
# Mail servers authenticators: might be used for smtp,ftp,imap servers, so
# all relevant ports get banned
#
[courier-auth]
port = smtp,465,submission,imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
[postfix-sasl]
port = smtp,465,submission,imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s
# You might consider monitoring /var/log/mail.warn instead if you are
# running postfix since it would provide the same log lines at the
# "warn" level but overall at the smaller filesize.
logpath = %(postfix_log)s
[perdition]
port = imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
[squirrelmail]
port = smtp,465,submission,imap2,imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s,http,https,socks
logpath = /var/lib/squirrelmail/prefs/squirrelmail_access_log
[cyrus-imap]
port = imap3,imaps
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
[uwimap-auth]
port = imap3,imaps
logpath = %(syslog_mail)s
#
#
# DNS servers
#
# !!! WARNING !!!
# Since UDP is connection-less protocol, spoofing of IP and imitation
# of illegal actions is way too simple. Thus enabling of this filter
# might provide an easy way for implementing a DoS against a chosen
# victim. See
# http://nion.modprobe.de/blog/archives/690-fail2ban-+-dns-fail.html
# Please DO NOT USE this jail unless you know what you are doing.
#
# IMPORTANT: see filter.d/named-refused for instructions to enable logging
# This jail blocks UDP traffic for DNS requests.
# [named-refused-udp]
#
# filter = named-refused
# port = domain,953
# protocol = udp
# logpath = /var/log/named/security.log
# IMPORTANT: see filter.d/named-refused for instructions to enable logging
# This jail blocks TCP traffic for DNS requests.
[named-refused]
port = domain,953
logpath = /var/log/named/security.log
[nsd]
port = 53
action = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(port)s", protocol="tcp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-tcp]
%(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(port)s", protocol="udp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-udp]
logpath = /var/log/nsd.log
#
# Miscellaneous
#
[asterisk]
port = 5060,5061
action = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(port)s", protocol="tcp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-tcp]
%(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(port)s", protocol="udp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-udp]
%(mta)s-whois[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s"]
logpath = /var/log/asterisk/messages
maxretry = 10
[freeswitch]
port = 5060,5061
action = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(port)s", protocol="tcp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-tcp]
%(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(port)s", protocol="udp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-udp]
%(mta)s-whois[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s"]
logpath = /var/log/freeswitch.log
maxretry = 10
# To log wrong MySQL access attempts add to /etc/my.cnf in [mysqld] or
# equivalent section:
# log-warning = 2
#
# for syslog (daemon facility)
# [mysqld_safe]
# syslog
#
# for own logfile
# [mysqld]
# log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
[mysqld-auth]
port = 3306
logpath = %(mysql_log)s
maxretry = 5
# Jail for more extended banning of persistent abusers
# !!! WARNING !!!
# Make sure that your loglevel specified in fail2ban.conf/.local
# is not at DEBUG level -- which might then cause fail2ban to fall into
# an infinite loop constantly feeding itself with non-informative lines
[recidive]
logpath = /var/log/fail2ban.log
port = all
protocol = all
bantime = 604800 ; 1 week
findtime = 86400 ; 1 day
maxretry = 5
# Generic filter for PAM. Has to be used with action which bans all
# ports such as iptables-allports, shorewall
[pam-generic]
# pam-generic filter can be customized to monitor specific subset of 'tty's
banaction = iptables-allports
logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s
[xinetd-fail]
banaction = iptables-multiport-log
logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s
maxretry = 2
# stunnel - need to set port for this
[stunnel]
logpath = /var/log/stunnel4/stunnel.log
[ejabberd-auth]
port = 5222
logpath = /var/log/ejabberd/ejabberd.log
[counter-strike]
logpath = /opt/cstrike/logs/L[0-9]*.log
# Firewall: http://www.cstrike-planet.com/faq/6
tcpport = 27030,27031,27032,27033,27034,27035,27036,27037,27038,27039
udpport = 1200,27000,27001,27002,27003,27004,27005,27006,27007,27008,27009,27010,27011,27012,27013,27014,27015
action = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(tcpport)s", protocol="tcp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-tcp]
%(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(udpport)s", protocol="udp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-udp]
# consider low maxretry and a long bantime
# nobody except your own Nagios server should ever probe nrpe
[nagios]
enabled = false
logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s ; nrpe.cfg may define a different log_facility
maxretry = 1
[oracleims]
# see "oracleims" filter file for configuration requirement for Oracle IMS v6 and above
enabled = false
logpath = /opt/sun/comms/messaging64/log/mail.log_current
maxretry = 6
banaction = iptables-allports
[directadmin]
enabled = false
logpath = /var/log/directadmin/login.log
port = 2222
[portsentry]
enabled = false
logpath = /var/lib/portsentry/portsentry.history
maxretry = 1
这是我尝试启动 fail2ban 时收到的错误
Job for fail2ban.service failed. See 'systemctl status fail2ban.service' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.
这是我输入时遇到的错误systemctl status fail2ban.service
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/fail2ban.service; enabled)
Active: failed (Result: start-limit) since Sun 2015-02-01 17:20:19 CET; 50s ago
Docs: man:fail2ban(1)
Process: 18318 ExecStop=/usr/bin/fail2ban-client stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 19570 ExecStart=/usr/bin/fail2ban-client -x start (code=exited, status=255)
Main PID: 18304 (code=killed, signal=TERM)
/var/log/fail2ban.log 中没有出现任何错误
有什么方法可以解决这个问题吗？谢谢
答案1
您必须验证您启用的每个服务是否有一个与 fail2ban 期望相匹配的日志文件。
例如：
sshd 在 fail2ban 中有一个定义为的日志文件：
logpath = %(sshd_log)s
进一步映射到：
sshd_log = %(syslog_authpriv)s
然后取决于特定的发行版文件，例如
paths-fedora.conf:syslog_authpriv = /var/log/secure
如果找不到该文件，fail2ban 将无法启动。如果您知道该文件在哪里，则只需手动编辑 logpath 行即可解决您的问题。